On the research of contrastive analysis, this paper discusses the environmental impact of high-speed maglev and high-speed wheel-rail in land use, noise pollution, energy consumption, ecological effect, electromagnetic radiation and other aspects. On this basis, this paper describes the influences on environment of high-speed maglev in transit system of China, and puts forward the concrete opinions and suggestions for the engineering investigation, construction, and environmental impact assessment of high-speed maglev. Adopting the linear motor, maglev system has the characteristic of low noise, and which does not produce machinery noise via a way of no touch to put support, guide, driving, braking and power supply into effect, and aviods the interface contact of trains. There are aerodynamic noises chiefly when the maglev is moving with high speed. Meanwhile, maglev system is one mode of energy-conservation transportation, which emits no harmful substance in operation. And, since the magnetic intensity of maglev is somewhat above which of the magnetic field of Earth, which seems harmless to the human body. Maglev runs very quietly in low speed, which shows a predominance of environmental protection, compared with urban elevated rail and elevated highway. Moreover, in high speed, maglev can run along the existing transportation corridor without costing too much land resources, and also ease the burden on the environment.