COVID-19 certificates and undocumented migrants: for some, the risk is more exclusion An increasing number of EU member states are using COVID-19 vaccine certificates to determine access to services and civic spaces. While many see this as a way to boost uptake of the vaccine among those hesitating, undocumented migrants will risk experiencing even more exclusion without enjoying broader access to the vaccines or other COVID-19-related care. For many undocumented migrants, registering for a vaccine can be challenging or outright impossible, for instance when social security numbers are required. Even if they can register, countries often have no specific policy safeguarding their personal data from being transmitted to immigration authorities. And even when an undocumented person is able to get a vaccine without risking immigration consequences, they may still experience challenges in registering for and obtaining a vaccination certificate. Besides barriers to getting vaccines and certificates, the certificates themselves raise concerns about the increased policing of various spaces to the detriment of fundamental rights, particularly for groups already facing criminalisation. Read more in our blog, which was further adapted and published as an op-ed on Al Jazeera.