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Abstract

Among flowering plants, animals commonly act as pollinators. We showed that fertile moss shoots attract springtails and mites, which in turn carry moss sperm, thereby enhancing the fertilization process. Previously, fertilization of mosses was thought to depend on the capacity of individual sperm to swim through a continuous water layer. The role of microarthropods in moss fertilization resembles the role of animals as pollinators of flowering plants but may be evolutionarily much older because of the antiquity of the organism groups involved.

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References

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We thank S. Andersson, W. van der Putten, and R. Wyatt for helpful comments on the manuscript. N.C. acknowledges support from the Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences, and Spatial Planning (FORMAS).

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Published In

Science
Volume 313 | Issue 5791
1 September 2006

Submission history

Received: 13 April 2006
Accepted: 12 July 2006
Published in print: 1 September 2006

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Notes

Supporting Online Material
www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/313/5791/1255/DC1
Materials and Methods
Tables S1 and S2

Authors

Affiliations

Nils Cronberg* [email protected]
Department of Ecology, Lund University, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden.
Rayna Natcheva
Department of Ecology, Lund University, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden.
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 G. Bonchev Street, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Katarina Hedlund
Department of Ecology, Lund University, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden.

Notes

*
To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]

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