Advertisement
GET OUR E-ALERTS
No access
Reviews

Toxic Potential of Materials at the Nanolevel

Andre Nel [email protected], Tian Xia, Lutz Mädler, and Ning LiAuthors Info & Affiliations
Science
3 Feb 2006
Vol 311, Issue 5761
pp. 622-627
DOI: 10.1126/science.1114397
CHECK ACCESS

Abstract

Nanomaterials are engineered structures with at least one dimension of 100 nanometers or less. These materials are increasingly being used for commercial purposes such as fillers, opacifiers, catalysts, semiconductors, cosmetics, microelectronics, and drug carriers. Materials in this size range may approach the length scale at which some specific physical or chemical interactions with their environment can occur. As a result, their properties differ substantially from those bulk materials of the same composition, allowing them to perform exceptional feats of conductivity, reactivity, and optical sensitivity. Possible undesirable results of these capabilities are harmful interactions with biological systems and the environment, with the potential to generate toxicity. The establishment of principles and test procedures to ensure safe manufacture and use of nanomaterials in the marketplace is urgently required and achievable.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

CHECK ACCESS

References and Notes

1
R. F. Service, Science304, 1732 (2004).
Crossref
Google Scholar
2
V. L. Colvin, Nat. Biotechnol.21, 1166 (2003).
Google Scholar
3
K. Donaldson et al., Occup. Environ. Med.58, 211 (2001).
Google Scholar
4
G. Oberdörster et al., Environ. Health Perspect.113, 823 (2005).
Crossref
PubMed
ISI
Google Scholar
5
Royal Society, “Nanoscience and nanotechnologies: Opportunities and uncertainties” (Royal Society, London, 2004); available online at www.nanotec.org.uk/finalReport.htm.
Google Scholar
6
K. Donaldson et al., Occup. Environ. Med.61, 727 (2004).
Google Scholar
7
K. Donaldson, C. L. Tran, Inhal. Toxicol.14, 5 (2002).
Google Scholar
8
A. Nel, Science308, 804 (2005).
Crossref
Google Scholar
9
A. A. Shvedova et al., Am. J. Physiol.289, L698 (2005).
Google Scholar
10
A. T. Bell, Science299, 1688 (2003).
Crossref
PubMed
ISI
Google Scholar
11
B. Halliwell, J. M. C. Gutteridge, Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 1999).
Google Scholar
12
G. G. Xiao et al., J. Biol. Chem.278, 50781 (2003).
Google Scholar
13
F. Gilliland et al., Lancet363, 119 (2004).
Google Scholar
14
W. S. Beckett et al., Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.171, 1129 (2005).
Google Scholar
15
N. Li et al., Environ. Health Perspect.111, 455 (2003).
Google Scholar
16
L. L. Dugan et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.94, 9434 (1997).
Google Scholar
17
H. H. C. Chen et al., Toxicol. Path.26, 143 (1998).
Google Scholar
18
E. Oberdörster, Environ. Health Perspect.112, 1058 (2004).
Google Scholar
19
A. A. Shvedova et al., J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part A66, 1909 (2003).
Google Scholar
20
N. A. Monteiro-Riviere et al., Toxicol. Lett.155, 377 (2005).
Google Scholar
21
D. B. Warheit et al., Toxicol. Sci.77, 117 (2004).
Google Scholar
22
C. W. Lam et al., Toxicol. Sci.77, 126 (2004).
Google Scholar
23
M. D. Geller et al., Aerosol Sci. Technol.36, 748 (2002).
Google Scholar
24
A. A. Vertegel et al., Langmuir20, 6800 (2004).
Google Scholar
25
A. Nemmar et al., Circulation105, 411 (2002).
Google Scholar
26
J. S. Brown et al., Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.166, 1240 (2002).
Google Scholar
27
J. Rejman et al., Biochem. J.377, 159 (2004).
Google Scholar
28
I. Raynal et al., Investig. Radiol.39, 56 (2004).
Google Scholar
29
J. S. Patton, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev.19, 3 (1996).
Google Scholar
30
P. Somasundaran et al., J. Cosmet. Sci.55, S1 (2004).
Google Scholar
31
R. D. Brook et al., Circulation109, 2655 (2004).
Google Scholar
32
S. S. Tinkle et al., Environ. Health Perspect.111, 1202 (2003).
Google Scholar
33
S. Kim et al., Nat. Biotechnol.22, 93 (2004).
Google Scholar
34
A. Nel et al., J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.102, 539 (1998).
Google Scholar
35
B. Chen et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.95, 10809 (1998).
Google Scholar
36
W. Kreyling et al., J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part A65, 1513 (2002).
Google Scholar
37
S. Yamago et al., Chem. Biol.2, 385 (1995).
Google Scholar
38
G. Oberdörster et al., Inhal. Toxicol.16, 437 (2004).
Google Scholar
39
More information is available online at http://ntp-server.niehs.nih.gov.
Google Scholar
40
G. Oberdörster et al., Part. Fibre Toxicol.2, 8 (2005).
Google Scholar
41
We apologize for the many seminal contributions that have not been cited for lack of space. This work was supported by U.S. Public Health Service grants RO-1 ES10553, RO1 ES12053, RO1 ES013432, and PO1 AI50495 (UCLA Asthma and Immunology Disease Center), and by the U.S. EPA (STAR grant to the Southern California Particle Center and Supersite). This manuscript has not been subjected to the EPA's peer and policy review. L.M. was supported by the Parson's chair at UCLA.
Google Scholar

(0)eLetters

eLetters is a forum for ongoing peer review. eLetters are not edited, proofread, or indexed, but they are screened. eLetters should provide substantive and scholarly commentary on the article. Embedded figures cannot be submitted, and we discourage the use of figures within eLetters in general. If a figure is essential, please include a link to the figure within the text of the eLetter. Please read our Terms of Service before submitting an eLetter.

Log In to Submit a Response

No eLetters have been published for this article yet.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Science
Volume 311 | Issue 5761
3 February 2006

Copyright

American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Submission history

Published in print: 3 February 2006

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Andre Nel* [email protected]
Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
California NANOSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
View all articles by this author
Tian Xia
Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
View all articles by this author
Lutz Mädler
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
View all articles by this author
Ning Li
Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
View all articles by this author

Notes

*
To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Article Usage

Note: The article usage is presented with a three- to four-day delay and will update daily once available. Due to this delay, usage data will not appear immediately following publication.

Citation information is sourced from Crossref Cited-by service.

Altmetrics

Citations

Cite as

  • Andre Nel et al.
,
Toxic Potential of Materials at the Nanolevel.Science311,622-627(2006).DOI:10.1126/science.1114397

Export citation

Select the format you want to export the citation of this publication.

Cited by

    • Qian-Fang Meng,
    • Wanbo Tai,
    • Mingyao Tian,
    • Xinyu Zhuang,
    • Yuanwei Pan,
    • Jialin Lai,
    • Yangtao Xu,
    • Zhiqiang Xu,
    • Min Li,
    • Guangyu Zhao,
    • Guang-Tao Yu,
    • Guocan Yu,
    • Rongchang Chen,
    • Ningyi Jin,
    • Xiao Li,
    • Gong Cheng,
    • Xiaoyuan Chen,
    • Lang Rao,
    Inhalation delivery of dexamethasone with iSEND nanoparticles attenuates the COVID-19 cytokine storm in mice and nonhuman primates, Science Advances, 9, 24, (2023)./doi/10.1126/sciadv.adg3277
    Abstract
    • Andre E. Nel,
    • Timothy F. Malloy,
    Policy reforms to update chemical safety testing, Science, 355, 6329, (1016-1018), (2021)./doi/10.1126/science.aak9919
    Abstract
    • Dongeun Huh,
    • Benjamin D. Matthews,
    • Akiko Mammoto,
    • Martín Montoya-Zavala,
    • Hong Yuan Hsin,
    • Donald E. Ingber,
    Reconstituting Organ-Level Lung Functions on a Chip, Science, 328, 5986, (1662-1668), (2021)./doi/10.1126/science.1188302
    Abstract
    • Natasha Raura,
    • Anirudh Garg,
    • Arpit Arora,
    • M. Roma,
    Nanoparticle technology and its implications in endodontics: a review, Biomaterials Research, 24, 1, (2020)./doi/10.1186/s40824-020-00198-z
    Abstract
    • Eugenia Valsami-Jones,
    • Iseult Lynch,
    How safe are nanomaterials?, Science, 350, 6259, (388-389), (2015)./doi/10.1126/science.aad0768
    Abstract
    • Bengt Fadeel,
    • Hanna L. Karlsson,
    • Kunal Bhattacharya,
    Geoengineering: Perilous Particles, Science, 340, 6132, (548-549), (2013)./doi/10.1126/science.340.6132.548-b
    Abstract

Citation information is sourced from Crossref Cited-by service.

View Options

Check Access

Log in to view the full text

AAAS ID LOGIN

AAAS login provides access to Science for AAAS Members, and access to other journals in the Science family to users who have purchased individual subscriptions.

Log in via OpenAthens.
via OpenAthens
Log in via Shibboleth.
via Shibboleth

More options

Purchase digital access to this article

Download and print this article for your personal scholarly, research, and educational use.

Purchase this issue in print

Buy a single issue of Science for just $15 USD.

View options

PDF format

Download this article as a PDF file

Download PDF

Full Text

FULL TEXT

Media

Figures

Multimedia

Tables

Share

Share

Share article link

Share on social media