John Peters

Louis de Saint-Just, the youngest deputy to the French revolutionary National Convention of 1792 said, before he was guillotined by the counter-revolution: “Those who make half a revolution, dig their own graves”. The tragedy of the Nicaraguan revolution is that it was never completed. Now the popular masses are paying the price.

Trotsky and Lenin were the acknowledged leaders of the world's first socialist revolution in October 1917. This book seeks to show, by studying Lenin's own writings, that the October Revolution followed the trajectory predicted by Trotsky's Theory of Permanent Revolution (ToPR) and argues that in early 1917 Lenin broke with his previous goal of a revolutionary bourgeois Russian state, and from April onwards adopted a permanentist policy that was, to all intents and purposes, identical with Trotsky's.

The Hujum or war on the Muslim religion by the Stalinist regime is presented in the context of Stalin's increasingly anti-Bolshevik policies. The Hujum was in two stages, first as part of the anti-religious campaign taking place across the Soviet Union and then as part of the collectivisation and industrialisation of Central Asia.

The history of the revolution in Cuba as a contribution to the debate on revolutionary strategy. Highlighting the lessons to be learned and arguing against a reformist approach. The paper ends with an appraisal of the current (2021) attempts by the USA to topple the current regime.

Muslims across the Russian empire welcomed the October Revolution as offering greater religious freedom and national liberation, see Chapter 6. The conditions of women within these societies were raised at the 3rd Congress of the CI (8 July 1921), and a decision to take action was approved. Konkordiia Samoilova proposed, and the Women’s Secretariat of the Comintern agreed, that Zhenotdel should begin a transformation of the lives of eastern women by initiating economic activities that would take them outside the home