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Wireless Hand-Held Device Based on Polylactic Acid-Protected, Highly Stable, CTAB-Functionalized Phosphorene for CO2 Gas Sensing

  • Keerti Rathi
    Keerti Rathi
    Centre of Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
    More by Keerti Rathi
  •  and 
  • Kaushik Pal*
    Kaushik Pal
    Centre of Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
    Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
    *Email: [email protected], [email protected]. Tel: +91-1332-284761. Fax: +91-1332-285665.
    More by Kaushik Pal
    Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-7409-9344
Cite this: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12, 34, 38365–38375
Publication Date (Web):July 28, 2020
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c10285
Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    Phosphorene is a novel two-dimensional (2D) material with exceptional properties and is connecting the gaps between graphene and transition-metal chalcogenides but having environmental instability. In this study, we present effective liquid exfoliation of few-layer phosphorene (FLP) from bulk black phosphorous (BP) in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), a cationic surfactant that is highly stable. It successfully stabilizes FLP in deionized water, which is consistent with obtained characterization and gas-sensing studies. Our investigation shows that the dynamic sensing response of the CTAB-grafted phosphorene (P-CTAB) sensor increases by ∼1.5 times as the relative humidity (RH) varies from 33 to 75%, which is the first published result for CO2 gas detection. The sensitivity values of the P-CTAB and P-CTAB/polylactic acid (PLA) are found to be 0.0356 and 0.0329 ppm–1, respectively, toward CO2 gas. It is notable that when a polylactic acid (PLA) membrane is introduced as a barrier layer in our fabricated Arduino-based Bluetooth-enabled hand-held device, it obstructs the environmental effect with a trace-level detection capability and negligible change over time (up to 30 days). Herein, for the first time, we discover the gas-sensing characteristics of CTAB-grafted phosphorene and witness an ultrasensitive and selective response toward CO2 gas detection.

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.0c10285.

    • Red phosphorous to black phosphorous conversion, details about the hand-held device, fabrication of the sensor and the experimental setup, calibration and sensing measurements of the device, I–V characteristics of sensors, comparison of sensing response, effect of humidity without gas, long-term stability, and repeatability of sensors (PDF)

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    Cited By

    This article is cited by 18 publications.

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    11. Arkoti Naveen Kumar, Kaushik Pal. Amine-functionalized stable Nb 2 CT x MXene toward room temperature ultrasensitive NO 2 gas sensor. Materials Advances 2022, 3 (12) , 5151-5162. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2MA00301E
    12. Jiangsong Wu, Yanni Tan, Jianfeng Lyu. Improving Gas Sensing Performance of Hydroxyapatite by Incorporating Black Phosphorene. IEEE Sensors Journal 2022, 22 (11) , 10370-10380. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2022.3170930
    13. S. Keerthana, K. Rathnakannan. Hierarchical ZnO/CuO nanostructures for room temperature detection of carbon dioxide. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2022, 897 , 162988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.162988
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    15. S. Keerthana, K. Rathnakannan. Chemiresistive-based carbon dioxide sensor with enhanced sensitivity. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 2021, 32 (18) , 23513-23521. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-06839-w
    16. Zhen Fang, Yuting Liang, Xiaomei Wang, Shuhan Zhang, Jun Yu, Hu Xu, Yuhong Wang. A novel phosphorus oxide quantum dots as an emissive nanomaterial for inorganic ions screening and bioimaging. Chinese Chemical Letters 2021, 32 (9) , 2856-2860. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2021.02.024
    17. Mengke Wang, Jun Zhu, You Zi, Zheng-Guang Wu, Haiguo Hu, Zhongjian Xie, Ye Zhang, Lanping Hu, Weichun Huang. Functional two-dimensional black phosphorus nanostructures towards next-generation devices. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2021, 9 (21) , 12433-12473. https://doi.org/10.1039/D1TA02027G
    18. Hui Sun, Yunbo Shi, Xin Ding, Xibo Ding, Haibin Wu. A Method of Full-Range Gas Concentration Detection Based on Multi-Frequency Ultrasonic Cross-Cycle Phase Difference Measurement. IEEE Access 2021, 9 , 51983-51995. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3068200
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