History of Bohemia

This study is based on the theory that Hradiště Castle was founded by Ottokar II on the promontory above the river Lužnice where the king had earlier expelled the southern Bohemian Vítkovci; however, it fleshes out this theory and adds observations and new hypotheses to it. A study of the sources and the discovery of the remains of a gold-ore mill near the Lužnice river provide confirmation of the king’s interest in precious metals in this area. In contrast, the link of the brothers Konrád and Hněvko de Radisch to Hradiště and to the feudal organization of the Hradec branch of the Vítkovci is uncertain. In relation to Hradiště, the author emphasizes the age and significance of the stronghold, the church and the village of Klokoty (Klokot) as well as the path leading from there to the ridge of the Tábor promontory and the bridge over the Lužnice river. The significance of the Chapel of St Philip and James on this ridge is considered, along with its ties to the ecclesiastical administrators of Ústí nad Lužnicí and Klokoty. A new interpretation is offered by discoveries of earthworks from the 13th–15th century in Klokoty. Vedute of Tábor from the 17th and 18th centuries can also be used to resolve some topographical issues. One question that remains unanswered is the term Klokotská hora, used in the toponymic surname of the bookbinder Jan Táborský and in Pavel Stránský’s work Respublica Bojema.

Earth Perfect? Nature, Utopia and the Garden is an eclectic, yet rigorous reflection on the relationship--historical, present and future--between humanity and the garden. Through the lens of Utopian Studies--the interdisciplinary field that encompasses fictions all the way through to actual political projects, and urban ideals; in a nutshell, addressing the human natural drive towards the ideal--Earth Perfect? brings together a selection of inspiring essays, each contributed by foremost writers from the fields of architecture, history of art, classics, cultural studies, farming, geography, horticulture, landscape architecture, law, literature, philosophy, urban planning and the natural sciences.
Through these joined voices, the garden emerges as a site of contestation and a repository for symbolic, spiritual, social, political and ecological meaning. Questions such as: "what is the role of the garden in defining humanity's ideal relationship with nature?" and "how should we garden in the face of catastrophic ecological decline?" are addressed through wideranging case studies, including ancient Roman Gardens in Pompeii, Hieronymus Bosch's Garden of Earthly Delights, the Gardens of Versailles, organic farming in New England and Bohemia's secret gardens, as well as landscape in contemporary architecture.
Issues relating to the utopian garden are explored thematically rather than chronologically, and organised in six chapters: "Being in nature", "inscribing the garden", "green/house", "The garden politic", "economies of the garden" and "how then shall we garden?". each essay is both individual in scope and part of the wider discourse of the book as a whole, and each is lusciously illustrated, bringing to life the subject with diverse visual material ranging from photography to historical documents, maps and artworks.

The identification of deviant burials as those of ‘vampires’ is a feature of excavated skeletons from sites across Eastern, Central and Southern Europe as well as the Balkans. Based on a close reading of historic and folkloric sources researchers have sought to match features of excavated sites with narrative descriptions drawn from vampire legend and myth. This study critically reviews the recent claims based on sites in Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Greece, Italy, Poland and Slovakia. Whilst it is found that there was a widespread belief in vampires across Europe, it is argued that it is difficult to make absolute claims for ‘vampire’ burials on archaeological grounds as in most cases there are alternate and equally compelling interpretations of the data.

KEYWORDS
ARCHAEOLOGY, HISTORY, SIXTEENTH CENTURY, SEVENTEENTH CENTURY, VAMPIRE, DEVIANT BURIAL, PLAGUE, BLACK DEATH, FOLKLORE, PAGAN, BURIAL, WITCH, BALKANS, EASTERN EUROPE, CENTRAL EUROPE, SOUTHERN EUROPE, BULGARIA, CZECH REPUBLIC, POLAND, GREECE, ITALY, SLOVAKIA, LESBOS, VENICE, APOTROPAIC, VAMPIRIDZHIJA, PERPERIKON, SOZOPOL, PROSTEJOV, CELAKOVICE, DRAWSKO, GLIWICI, SOUTHWELL, KILTEASHEEN, LAZZARETTO NUOVO, NACHTZEHRER, KAMIEN POMORSKI

This is the exclusive English translation of the 1878 article from the Czech-American journal, Amerikán Národní Kalendář.  This article was the initial effort by the editors of "Amerikán" to survey the Czech settlements and their history across the United States in 1878.  This article provides details, surnames, occupations, and much more for hundreds of Czech immigrants in 19 states and 166 communities.  This translation is copyrighted by Onward To Our Past Genealogy & History Company.

The book which was published in Prague (publishers Bursík & Kohout) in 1909 is a unique and exceptional content topography regions of Bohemia after the famous explorer history August Sedláček.

His extensive work still contains important historical and other information.

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Verwaltung der Herrschaften und Güter der Fürsten von Liechtenstein in den böhmischen Ländern (Königreich Böhmen, Markgrafschaft Mähren und Österreichisch Schlesien) von der Mitte des 18. Jahrhunderts bis zur Konfiskation der liechtensteinischen Besitzungen durch die Tschechoslowakei in den Jahren 1945/1948. Neben der Darstellung der Entwicklung der Verwaltungsstruktur ist es das Ziel der Arbeit, auch sozialgeschichtliche Aspekte der Diener- und Beamtenschaft zu beleuchten. Dabei wird unter anderem auf die Besoldung, die Ausbildung, die soziale Disziplinierung und auf die Handlungsspielräume in der Amtstätigkeit eingegangen. Die Studie basiert zum überwiegenden Teil auf archivalischen Quellen aus dem liechtensteinischen Hausarchiv in Wien.

Nach einem einleitenden Abschnitt, in dem die Entwicklung des fürstlichen Besitzstandes in den böhmischen Ländern geschildert wird, gliedert sich die Studie in drei Teile. Der erste Teil beschäftigt sich mit der Verwaltung in der zweiten Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts, als sich die Strukturen herausbildeten, die im Wesentlichen bis ins 20. Jahrhundert Bestand hatten. Im Mittelpunkt des Interesses stehen in diesem Kapitel die Entstehung der Zentralbehörden (Hofkanzlei, Hauptkassa und Buchhalterei) sowie die Veränderungen in der Verwaltung der einzelnen Herrschaften, die durch die theresianisch-josephinischen Reformen zunehmend zu einer untersten Instanz der staatlichen Verwaltung wurden. Außerdem wird in diesem Abschnitt die herrschaftliche Wirtschaftsstruktur am Beispiel der Herrschaften Butschowitz, Eisgrub und Lundenburg untersucht.

Taborites ranked among the fiercest opponents of Emperor and
King Sigismund. However, eventually both parties, having
been exhausted by revolutionary wars, preferred political
compromise. The King wanted to achieve the recognition by the whole Kingdom of Bohemia in Prague and for that he needed consent of Tábor.
Taborites, having been deprived of most of their military
and political power after the battle of Lipany, welcomed
the possibility to be protected by royal authority and laws.
In South Bohemia Sigismund relied on the royal town
of České Budějovice and the richest nobleman in the
country, Oldřich II of Rožmberk. However, Oldřich did
not hesitate to call a  truce with Tábor disregarding the
King. The town had boasted significant military power
since the times of Jan Žižka. After Žižka’s death the Tábor
association was led by Prokop Holý. Under Prokop’s control Tábor extended its domain in Bohemia even at the expense of Hussite Prague; the town also occupied a number of fortresses in Moravia and Silesia. Prokop Holý was
the spiritual administrator of Tábor field army. The town
itself and its large property in the region were managed
by the control board and a ruler elected by them, by the
municipal council, priests chaired by Mikuláš of Pelhřimov and by chief captains of the domestic combat troops.
In the early 1430s about 600 families lived in Tábor;
burghers were getting rich from crafts and also from loot.
After the defeat at the battle of Lipany, Tábor, led by
a  new chief captain, Jan Roháč of Dubé, resisted Sigismund for another year. After the bloody defeat of the
local army at Křeč in August 1435, Bedřich of Strážnice
took over control of the town. Bedřich wanted to reconcile and Táborites negotiated with the King independently of the rest of the country. Therefore, in summer 1436
in Jihlava when the Compacts of Basel were announced,
Táborites did not take an oath to obey the King yet. By
the end of the year they gradually managed to have their
political and property privileges guaranteed. Only Tábor
priests refused the agreement with the Basel Council and
retained the freedom of faith for the time being.
The hatred between Sigismund of Luxembourg and
the town of Tábor ended in 1437. Monthslong negotiations led by Oldřich II of Rožmberk representing the
King and Bedřich of Strážnice representing the community of Tábor resulted in three privileges for Tábor.
The first privilege was granted by Sigismund of Luxembourg to the community of Tábor on 25th January
1437. By means of this privilege he promoted Hradiště to
a royal town. The municipality won a number of rights
and freedoms enjoyed by the Old Town of Prague. In judicial matters Tábor and its citizens were subordinated
exclusively to the ruler. The King granted Tábor the right
to execute convicted offenders; the right applied to everyone disregarding their age and status.
The town was allowed to organize two weekly and
two annual markets which were held on the same days
as markets in vanished Sezimovo Ústí. The privilege also
enabled to town to elect town councilors freely for the following six years. Eventually this freedom lasted till 1452. Tábor also received a new picture for the municipal
seal; the town used the image for the municipal coat of
arms as well.
The second privilege was granted on 30th January
1437. The privilege guaranteed to Tábor the pledge of
property of the monastery in Louňovice pod Blaníkem
(two small towns and 33 villages) and Dobronice forest
worth 2 400 threescores of groschen. The ruler could pay
the agreed amount in return for the pledged property
with a year-long notice period. The second privilege provided some Tábor serfs with land in farms occupied by
the Hussites.
The last privilege was only granted on 26th March
1437. It was then when the Hussite community became
legally independent. By that time the town had been situated on land owned by the Lords of Ústí. The privilege granted Tábor hereditary title to Ústí demesne with two towns, the vanished Sezimovo Ústí and Hradiště (Tábor), a  number of villages and the deserted stronghold of Sedlec.
Sigismund had all the allocated property recorded
in the Land Tables. All serfs of the Bohemian Kingdom,
judges, burgraves and royal officers supervising royal
towns had to respect the privileges granted to Tábor.

The paper deals with a so-called hollow heller issued under Charles IV discovered in a field near Mravín as well as with two other finds presented on-line without details of their provenance. The three new finds are put in the context of other so-far published examples of these coins, notably from Česká Skalice and from Prague-the Emmaus monastery.

In 2015, a fragment of a ʻcopperʼ bracteate (a fragment of two-part bracteate holder respectively) was found via amateur metal detecting activities in the territory of the cadaster of Nové Kopisty (local part of Terezín). Its image is evidently identical with the specimens found in Hradišťko near Davle, Leipzig and Saalfeld showing the sitting Meissen Margrave with sword in right hand and lilly-shaped scepter in left hand. The mentioned ʻcopperʼ bracteate dates back to the 1250s–1260s very likely

Early Life of the Diocese of České Budějovice
The book is devoted to the first sixty years of existence of the diocese of České Budějovice, i.e., the years 1785–1845, which cover the episcopates of the first and second Bishop of České Budějovice Jan Prokop Schaaffgotsche and Arnošt Konstantin Růžička.
The book first describes the period before the diocese’s foundation (Chapter 1), specifically the church-political events at the time of the reign of Empress Maria Theresa (1740–1780) and the church policy of the state during the reign of her son Joseph II (1780–1790). Joseph II decided to establish a new diocese in South Bohemia because of the difficulties connected with administering the over-extensive archdiocese of Prague.
The following chapter (Chapter 2) discusses the situation of the church in South Bohemia at the time of the Theresian and Josephinian reforms.
A further topic the book deals with (Chapter 3) is the very process of establishing the diocese of České Budějovice. In the narrowest context it was a process accelerated by the will of the absolutist ruler in 1783–1789, in broader context it was part of the extensive church-administrative reforms of the Josephinian period. Jan Prokop Schaaffgotsche, the Bishop of České Budějovice nominated by the Emperor and later confirmed by Rome, is introduced, who prepared the ground for the creation of the new diocese in close cooperation with state and church administration and then began to govern it as Bishop.
The following part of the book (Chapter 4) is devoted to the diocese under its first Bishop in 1785–1813. Attention first focuses on the first years of the existence of the episcopacy at the time of the reign of Joseph II, then it turns to the changes in the church policy of Joseph’s successors on the imperial throne and their effects on the young diocese are mentioned. The life in the diocese after 1790 is also portrayed, with emphasis on introducing some of the more important of Schaaffgotsche’s undertakings, such as the foundation of the diocesan seminary for priests and of the philosophical lyceum.
One of Schaaffgotsche’s closest assistants was Arnošt Konstantin Růžička, active in the diocese since 1794 as canon. In 1797 Schaaffgotsche appointed him his Vicar General, whereby he became his closest assistant in the administration of the diocese. When Schaaffgotsche had died Růžička was entrusted with the diocese’s administration and in 1815 was appointed Bishop of České Budějovice (Chapter 5). The last part of the book (Chapter 6) is devoted to the diocese at the time of Růžička’s episcopate, i.e., in 1815–1845. While at the time of Schaaffgotsche’s episcopate the diocese was affected primarily by the reform efforts of the Habsburg rulers and later by the revolutionary events in France and the Napoleonic wars, Růžička’s episcopal activity belongs in the period after the Congress of Vienna, the time of so-called restauration, followed by the so-called “pre-March period”, politically characterized by Metternichian absolutism, culturally by Romanticism and the Biedermeier style. In these exterior conditions the religious-social life of the diocese developed. Besides Růžička’s personal engagement in the diocese’s administration the chapter also describes the functioning of the diocesan offices, schooling, life of religious orders, and the diocesan seminary. It concludes at a time when great revolutionary events were about to begin; these, however, affected the diocese at the time of Růžička’s successor Josef Ondřej Lindauer.

The presented study is focused on linking of recent theoretical studies dealing with production of gold coins in Bohemia under the Jagiellonian dynasty (1471-1526) to the particular specimens. This study is based on catalogue of the Bohemian ducats of Vladislaus II Jagiellon and Louis Jagiellon containing 57 documented rare coins from the public and private collections. Four types of ducats struck under Vladislaus II Jagiellon with their 16 varieties and ten types of ducats struck under Louis Jagiellon with their 17 varieties have been defined. Iconographic and epigraphic analyses helped to specify chronology of the particular types, their presumable dating, their connection with the written sources and their origin in the particular mints.

The authors describe one rare iconographical difference on the reverse side of the Prague grossi struck under Vladislaus II Jagiellon – reversely placed crescents in the lion´s mane. They recorded some nine specimens, and seven of them can be classified under three types of the recent typology by J. Hásková (1971). The remaining two specimens represent varieties of the marginal legend under the completely new type. The reversed crescents in the lion´s mane represent a rare iconographical anomaly, and they must be regarded as the new variety of image.

The Capuchins and the City. Activities of the Capuchin Order in Czech and Moravian Cities in the Second Half of the 17th and First Half of the 18th Century
The main topic of this article are the strategies implemented by the Capuchin Order in Bohemia and Moravia in the second half of the 17th and first half of the 18th century aimed at approaching and gaining supporters.

Prague grossus struck under Vladislaus II Jagiellon showing lion with mane represented by atypically placed crescents Description of the Prague grossus struck under Vladislaus II Jagiellon is presented. There is an image of lion with mane of atypically placed crescents on its reverse. Three varieties of image and marginal legend on obverse are shown. There is an analysis and comparison of these grossi with typology and chronology by J. Hásková and other sources presented in the article. Incorporation of these grossi into the recently accepted typology and chronology is suggested at the end of the article.

Alfonso X el Sabio re di Castiglia e Leon (1252-1284), grande riformatore del diritto e mecenate delle scienze e della cultura, è stato uno dei più famosi monarchi dell’età medievale. Da diversi decenni si studia la sua produzione giuridica, letteraria, musicale e artistica. La sua vasta cultura, che lo rendeva degno erede dello zio Federico II di Svevia, lo portò fin dai primi anni del suo regno a cercare un ruolo da protagonista nello scacchiere europeo, prima con il progetto di una grande crociata in Africa settentrionale, poi con il sogno di cingere la corona del Sacro Romano Impero e di raccogliere l’eredità sveva. L’Autore accende i riflettori su un tema tralatizio della storiografia spagnola suggerendo prospettive e interpretazioni innovative del fecho del Imperio. Mentre gran parte degli storici spagnoli vedono nel sogno imperiale del rey Sabio un tentativo di estendere l’egemonia castigliana sugli altri regni iberici, l’Autore coglie il desiderio di universalità del re castigliano ricostruendo passo passo le relazioni diplomatiche con il papa, i monarchi europei, i principi tedeschi e, soprattutto, con i signori e i comuni italiani, che videro in Alfonso imperatore una speranza di riscossa contro il potere angioino nell’Italia centro-settentrionale. In questo saggio si mette in risalto non solo il punto di vista di Alfonso X, ma anche quello di ogni singolo signore, podestà o capo-fazione ricostruendone l’esperienza politica, le ambizioni, le aspettative e le speranze nell’alleanza con Alfonso X. Il re vedeva in essi la via per arrivare alla corona imperiale e per ottenere una solida base di potere in Italia. In questa impresa investì un enorme capitale in risorse finaziarie, militari, umane e di comunicazione politica. L’apparato propagandistico di cui Alfonso si servì fu degno della sua fama: solenni cerimonie feudali, opere pubbliche e artistiche, musica e poesia di argomento politico sono solo alcuni esempi, messi in luce e analizzati nell’opera. La ricerca, che vuol portare un contributo su un tema dibattuto, è stata condotta utilizzando un’ampia gamma di fonti storiche di diversa natura e documenti editi e inediti provenienti da diversi archivi italiani e spagnoli.

Virtuální region konglomerátního státu a jeho communitas. Diskurz soudržnosti zemských komunit v historiografii 14. století, zvláště Kronice zbraslavské

Příspěvek vychází z pojetí státu jako dynastického konglomerátu (podle H. Gustaffsona) a klade otázku, jak se v rámci složeného státu vytváří soudržnost a společná identita jeho obyvatel. V této souvislosti věnuje pozornost pojmu České království, jenž může v různých kontextech a situacích znamenat buď jádro (Čechy) nebo celý konglomerát.
Otázka soudržnosti a společné identity konglomerátu je řešena pomocí analýzy české historiografie 14. století, a to na pozadí obecnějšího modelu, jenž sleduje utváření regionální identity v historiografii 14. a 15. století na základě dvou strukturujících principů – země a dynastie (J.-M. Moeglin). Předmětem analýzy je diskurs soudržnosti mezi Českým královstvím a připojovanými územími. Pojem „virtuální region“ umožňuje popsat prostor této soudržnosti a společné identity, jenž se spíše nepřekrývá (není ve stejné chronologické fázi) s dynastickým konglomerátem, resp. reálnou panovnickou politikou. Tento proces utváření společné identity se uskutečňuje především vpisováním prvků identity připojovaných zemí do identitárního rámce jádrového království (a naopak). Vyjádřeno metaforou silné (thick) a slabé (thin) identity, silná česká identita se za tím účelem otevírá a rozvolňuje a oslabuje.
Studie se uzavírá zamyšlením nad „identitární politikou“ Karla IV. Karlův způsob konstruování českého státu, kdy byly všechny země připojovány k Českému království resp. jeho Koruně, se označuje jako „bohemocentrismus“ a považuje se za hlavní příčinu asymetrického vztahu mezi Českým královstvím (jádrem) na jedné straně a Moravou a tzv. vedlejšímu zeměmi na straně druhé. Karlova politika nicméně zahrnovala i protipohyb směřující z jádra do nejádrových zemí, jehož cílem bylo rušení hierarchie mezi jádrem a připojenými zeměmi, relativizace politického významu jádra a rozšiřování, otevírání a oslabování jeho silné etnické identity. Tento protipohyb s trochou nadsázky označuje jako „bohemo-de-centrismus“.

The article is focused on typology and relative chronology of the lion image on reverse of the Prague grossi struck under Vladislaus II Jagiellon in 1471–1494. Analysis of some individual parts of the lion image points to one important element which playes a key role in attribution of individual types to the particular engravers who prepared dies, and in this way, their relative chronological sequence has been revised. The practical importance of the analytic results lies in possibility to distinguish between two problematic types listed by J. Hásková (1971) under nos. IX and X.

Giovanni Battista Verda, Count Verdenberg, was one of the most influential ministers of the court of Emperor Ferdinand II of Habsburg. He was founder of the Austrian Chancellery in Vienna and a skilled jurist and diplomat. Verdenberg became a protagonist in the age of European conflicts, the wars in Bohemia, the succession of Mantua and Monferrato, the Affaire d'Aquilée and the Thirty Years' War. As a close collaborator of Hans Ulrich von Eggenberg, he served under the emperors Ferdinand II and Ferdinand III in Gorizia, Graz and Vienna. Verdenberg became one of the richest men in Austria, Bohemia and Moravia. He had his castles, palaces, churches, convents and funerary monuments in Vienna, Grafenegg, Náměšť nad Oslavou and Strass im Strassertal decorated in the Baroque style and adorned them with valuable works by Frans Luycx, Friedrich Stoll and Giovanni Pietro de Pomis. In his hometown, Gorizia, he donated Palazzo Verdenberg to the Jesuits who established the college and the library which later became the Biblioteca Statale Isontina.

Extended version of the paper 'Diplomats of the Kings...' published in 'Reform and Renewal' volume.
Who represented the kings abroad, which were the features of this activity? I have compiled a database of embassies between 1490–1526. (This is published in 2/2020 issue.) A total of 178 missions are detected with 111 identified people. These were mainly led to the neighboring countries. The ruler employed confidental courtiers. “General diplomats” could be deployed everywhere, “specialists” were sent many times to the same destination. There was no tendency to establish permanent embassies.

The aim of this book is to explain economic dualism in the history of modern Europe. The emergence of the manorial-serf economy in the Bohemia, Poland, and Hungary in the 16th and the 17th centuries was the result of a cumulative impact of various circumstantial factors. The weakness of cities in Central Europe disturbed the social balance – so characteristic for Western-European societies – between burghers and the nobility. The political dominance of the nobility hampered the development of cities and limited the influence of burghers, paving the way to the rise of serfdom and manorial farms. These processes were accompanied by increased demand for agricultural products in Western Europe.

The Prague grossi of the type listed by J. Hásková (1971) as no. XIX struck under Vladislaus II Jagiellon rarely appear in hoards and private collections. Recently, only three specimens were described more precisely in literature dealing with the Tábor hoard. This article describes two more pieces, and based on detailed analysis of the lion´s image, it can help in precision of the typology by Hásková.

Im Juli 2013 wurde mit Hilfe des Metalldetektors eine Kollektion von acht Prager Groschen Johann von Luxemburgs (1310–1346) gefunden. Die Entdeckung erfolgte auf dem Nordwesthang des Popický-Hügels (Katastergebiet Salavice, Bez. Jihlava). Das anliegende Gebiet war bereits seit der 1. Hälfte des 13. Jahrhunderts besiedelt, wenn durch die unweite Gemeinde Kostelec die sog. Humpolec-Straße führte; die älteste schriftliche Erwähnung von Kostelec und Popice stammt jedoch erst aus dem Jahre 1288. Die jüngste Komponente der Kollektion stellen Groschen der VIII. Gruppe Castelins Typologie dar, die Abbildung des Löwen entspricht dem jüngsten IV. Typ nach Hána; daher werden sie ans Ende der Regierungszeit Johann von Luxemburgs datiert. Die Niederlegung der Münzen fällt also in die 1340er Jahre. Bestandteil des Funds war auch ein mittelalterliches Hufeisen mit zwei Zinken, ohne Griff und Rille und zwei oder drei Hufeisennägel.

Kniha pojednává o ústředním areálu vyšehradského hradiště představujícího v 11. a 12. století přední politické a mocenské centrum českého státu, na němž se téměř tři čtvrtě století nacházela panovnická rezidence. Vychází z komplexního zpracování rozsáhlých, avšak dosud nevyužitých pramenů získaných plošnými archeologickými výzkumy od r. 1924 do současnosti.
Sestává z 22 původních kapitol připravených specialisty na pravěkou a středověkou archeologii, bioarcheologické obory, historickou metalurgii a geologii. Po úvodní části (část I), přibližující okolnosti formování korpusu hmotných pramenů, jsou zařazeny analytické kapitoly věnované nálezům z pravěku (část II) a středověku až novověku (část III). Poslední část (část IV) předkládá syntézu a vyhodnocení poznatků a jejich zasazení do širšího archeologického a historického rámce.
Vedle vůbec prvního systematického zpracování pozůstatků pravěkého osídlení na Vyšehradě (starší a střední eneolit) tato monografie nabízí vhled do nejstarší etapy existence středověkého hradiště (cca 980–1070) a vykresluje stavební a urbanistickou podobu následné raně románské přemyslovské rezidence (cca 1070–1140), která o více než půl století předchází vznik kamenného paláce na Pražském hradě. Dále předkládá detailní charakteristiku stavební podoby a symboliky palácového okrsku obnoveného zde Lucemburky (1348–1420) a postihuje hlavní rysy jeho následné degradace v pohusitském období. Důraz je kladen na hmotnou kulturu, sociální a ekonomické aspekty života na akropoli i na další témata. Text doprovází rozsáhlá fotografická a plánová příloha.

In spring 2014, five Prague grossi struck under John of Luxembourg (1310-1346) at the beginning of his rule were found via amateur metal detecting activities. The coins were discovered individually in the area
about 4 × 4 m large, near crossroad of forest routes in the territory of the cadaster of Vojtěchov near Hlinsko (Chrudim district). Even more hoards dating back to the grossi period are known from there, e.g. the closest one comes from the stronghold in Hlinsko (some 400 grossi produced under Wenceslas IV).

This volume brings together a rich variety of papers, which were given at an international conference entitled «Between Worlds: The Age of the Jagiellonians» in Cluj-Napoca in October 2010. They cover various aspects of the impact of this important dynasty on Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe, and its reign in Lithuania, Poland, Hungary and Bohemia between the 14th and the 16th century. Thus, the relevance of the Age of the Jagiellonians for the transformation of Europe between the late Middle Ages and the Early Modern period becomes visible. Various approaches to the overall topic can be found in this volume, be it from the viewpoint of war and religion, frontier studies, politics, theology, historiography or art history.