Late Medieval Archaeology

During the excavations conducted by the Soprintendenza of Agrigento near the Castello Nuovo of Sciacca, it was been found a dump into a pit, around a meter wide, which was filled with a considerable quantity of carbon, animal bones, bronze objects, and many ceramic and glass fragments. Ceramic evidence and coins allow us to date the dump to the late medieval period.

In 1448 the inhabitants of the Widmer Quarter-one of the four districts of late medieval Vienna and including areas within and without the city walls-were listed for tax purposes. Unusually, this list, now in the Austrian National Library, includes not only the owners of each house plot, but also other men (tenants, employees…) and occasionally women (widows) living there. The plots are grouped in neighbourhoods, some of which are identifiable today. It has proved possible to identify the routes which the men compiling the list took through the district. Some areas can now be reconstructed in great detail. The house plots can be reconstructed on the basis of the accurate city map by Werner Arnold Steinhausen (1710), tempered with information from the maps by Wolmuet (1547), Suttinger (1684) and others. Numerous archaeological projects, including major excavations, which have taken place in the area, enable us to further adapt the street plan and even some house plans. The 1448 list can be compared to other contemporary lists compiled for tax and other purposes, to the plot-by-plot study of house owners and property transfers compiled by Paul Harrer in the mid-twentieth century, an unpublished work held in the City Archives, and to the results of more recent historical work. Thus it is proving possible to place dozens of householders and other people on the plots on which they lived. The area can be a Viennese test case for the GIS-powered connection of textual data to plot maps, as pioneered in other cities and exposing the social-spatial structure of the city in the later medieval period. The possibilities for historians, archaeologists, museum professionals and others interested in the Middle Ages are considerable.

Археологические исследования на территории Орловской крепости проводились регулярно, начиная с 1902 г., краеведами и археологами краеведческого музея, составляя основу для разного рода научных, а часто и околонаучных дискуссий вокруг вопроса основания крепости и ее ранних этапов. В 2015 г. Орловским отрядом ИА РАН были проведены археологические исследования на территории центральной части городища Орловской крепости, которое расположено на стрелке рек Ока и Орлик в центре современного города Орла, на вытянутом мысу левого берега реки. Раскоп был заложен в центральной части парка, в 25 м к востоку от памятного камня, установленного в центре парка. Общая площадь исследованной раскопками территории составила 36 кв. м. Мощность напластований культурного слоя на раскопанной площади – 3,0–3,1 м. Все слои почвенного профиля маркируются четкими переходами между собой, имеют уникальный набор физико-морфологических характеристик, а также комплексы находок, позволяющие соотнести их с хронологическими этапами жизни данного участка стрелки мыса. На уровне 0,8 от материка были выявлены первые погребения, которые располагались двумя горизонтами. В верхнем преобладали разрушенные, детские и перезахоронения (рис. 1). Все они были выявлены непосредственно в слое, следы могильных ям совершенно не прослеживались. Датировка этого яруса может быть в пределах XVII – начала XVIII вв. Вероятно, перезахоронения осуществлялись в связи со строительством кирпичного строения №2. Из разрушенных погребений происходит один наперсный псевдоэнколпион с изображением Никиты Бесогона и обломок нательного крестика с плоской петлей из сплава светлого цвета. Кроме того, был найден латунный перстень с овальным щитком, украшенным точечным орнаментом. В слое также были найдены стрелы различных типов, картечины и пули. Нижний ярус погребений в некоторых случаях имел могильные ямы, заглубленные в материк на 20–30 см. Погребения были не потревожены. В предматериковом слое были выявлены фрагменты древнерусской керамики XII–XIII вв., единичные фрагменты роменской лепной керамики и обломки сосудов эпохи неолита, а также многочисленные кремневые орудия. По всей вероятности, к древнерусскому слою относится овручcкое шиферное пряслице. Погребения могут быть датированы второй половиной XVI – первой половиной XVII в. В общей сложности исследовано 25 погребений, из которых к антропологическому анализу были привлечены 32 человека. В целом выборка отличается большим количеством детских захоронений (47%), в котором преобладают умершие во время первых лет жизни, а также новорожденные дети. Так, в погребении №1 женское погребение молодой девушки сопровождалось останками младенца. Малочисленность изученной группы, переотложенный характер и фрагментарность погребений верхнего горизонта не позволяет делать выводы об эпохальной динамике изменения признаков. В целом отмечено преобладание мужского населения (66%) над женским (34%) и повы-шенным уровнем травматизма различной этиологии (зажившие переломы верхних и нижних конечностей, скелета лица). На скелете молодого мужчины из погребения №20, помимо ярко выраженного костного рельефа в местах прикрепления мышц и энтесопатий, в левой тазовой кости обнаружен наконечник стрелы с фиксируемым входным отверстием диаметром 15 мм и выходным 8,5 мм, что, по-видимому и послужило причиной смерти индивида. Погребение может быть датировано концом XVI – началом XVII в., временем раннего существования крепости и активных военных конфликтов на южных рубежах Московского государства. Для ряда черепов хорошей сохранности А.В. Рассказовой (ИЭА РАН) была выполнена графическая реконструкция облика.

With the second volume of the "Archaeology of the border", in 1999 the Società Friulana di Archeologia (Friulian Society of Archaeology) publishes the proceedings of the study day held in Udine in 1996 on the theme "Ceramics from the Late Middle Ages to the Renaissance in Italy and northeastern transalpine areas": in that text is placed this essay that presents an important finding of ceramic pottery of medieval Aquileia that took place in 1994/96; furthermore it presents also the finding (1993) of the ruins of a medieval kiln that was in activity in the same city of Aquileia. Herein, the study is reproduced complete with the table of drawings (ousted by mistake from the editor) and the table of misprints

Con il secondo volume della collana "Archeologia di frontiera", nel 1999 la Società Friulana di Archeologia dà alle stampe gli atti della giornata di studio svoltasi a Udine nel 1996 sul tema "Ceramica dal Bassomedioevo al Rinascimento in Italia nordorientale e nelle aree transalpine": nel testo, trova posto questo saggio che presenta un importante recupero di vasellame fittile della Aquileia medievale effettuato nel 1994/96 e la scoperta (1993) dei resti di una fornace medievale attiva nella stessa Aquileia. In questa sede lo studio è riprodotto completo di tavola dei disegni (erroneamente espunta dall’editore) ed errata corrige

In July 2010 an excavation was undertaken in the car park of the Masonic hall at Bawtry, South Yorkshire as part of a field school run by the Department of Archaeology, University of Sheffield, with support from Wessex Archaeology (Sheffield). The Masonic hall was the chapel of the medieval hospital of Bawtry, and the principal aim of the field school was to throw new light on the hospital and on the cemetery that was associated with it, which had been identified during excavations in 2006 and 2007. During the 2010 excavation, eighteen graves were identified, and subsequent analysis of both the articulated and disarticulated skeletal remains identified a minimum number of fifty three individuals. It was demonstrated that the cemetery served a broad cross-section of the population, which was relatively healthy. A radiocarbon date is awaited from one of the skeletons, but at this stage all of the evidence indicates that the burials were all of later medieval date. A small number of medieval artefacts were recovered, including a 13th-century coin, a copper-alloy plate (of a type used in medieval medicinal cures for damaged or infected joints) and the copper-alloy ferrule from the end of a walking stick. The remains of a late medieval wall were encountered running eastwards from the east wall of the Masonic hall; this wall was either the remains of a boundary wall or of a building, and it appears to be perpetuated into the 19th century, when a wall in a similar location is depicted on images of the chapel.

Although the spectacular castles and palaces of some late medieval kings and lords are comparatively well known, the more humble noble dwellings – especially of the first half of the 14th century – still deserves a thorough study in Central Europe. The manor house of Kisnána (Hungary) reflects the living standard of the Kompolti family who had already erected a small stone castle in the neighbourhood a few decades earlier, but decided to have their residence in their well accessible village, adjacent to the parish church. Recent archaeological research yielded significant new data about this early manor house built around the mid-14th century in the form an elongated storeyed palace. Clear signs of elite life style are the remnants of a special hot air-heating system which was heated from the outside of the ground floor and served the first floor of the building. The residence was later significantly enlarged and transformed into a stone castle by the same noble family during the mid-15th century.

Archeological and historical site „Meraja“ is situated about 500 m west of today's urban center
of Vinkovci. The Gothic church of St. Elias is the oldest preserved freestanding facility in Vinkovci.
It was built probably in late 13th or early 14th century, north of the smaller, Romanesque
church.
The very first excavation on the site was conducted by museum curator J. Korda in 1953, but no
records are preserved. Larger-scale excavations were carried out under the expert guidance of S.
Dimitrijević in 1965. Four probes, the total area of 229,5 m2, uncovered the foundations of
Romanesque church and 104 graves. The site stood still until renewal of Gothic church, when in
1997. and 1998. Archeological department of Vinkovci Municipial Museum carried out excavations
in total area of 210 m2 with uncovered 198 graves.
As an artifact, a rosary is a string of beads, often combined with sundry decorative items, used
for counting prayers. In 10 graves around medieval churches at Meraja site rosary beads were
found. Most common material for founded beads are bone (241 pieces) and wood (50 pieces),
followed by glass (3 pieces). Bone beads are all round, and only larger, Paternoster beads are
decorated with horizontal incised lines on the widest part. Wooden beads are undecorated. Glass
beads come in two shapes: round undecorated and polyhedron. Total four bronze crosses were
found with rosaries, as well as six bronze medals.
All the findings can be dated in a range from the end of 16th until the beginning of 18th century.

Resumen: Los trabajos de restauración acometidos en el castillo de Cornatel a mediados de la pasada década dieron lugar a dos intervenciones arqueológicas entre los años 2004 y 2005. En el transcurso de la segunda se recuperaron una serie de elementos metálicos que, aunque no alcanzaban un número muy elevado, sí ofrecían varias piezas significativas (finales del siglo XV-principios del XVI) que los convertían en dignos de un análisis de conjunto. En las líneas siguientes se efectúa una clasificación tipológico-funcional de estos objetos, vinculándolos con diferentes ámbitos de la cotidianeidad, en un intento de conceder a los materiales metálicos medievales el lugar que se merecen dentro de la investigación arqueológica sobre la cultura material.
Palabras clave: Castillo de Cornatel; Bierzo; Baja Edad Media; objetos metálicos; vida cotidiana.
Abstract: Restoration works undertaken in the middle of the last decade at Cornatel castle resulted in two archaeological interventions carried out between 2004 and 2005. During the latter some metal artifacts were recovered. Although there were not a great amount of them, some significant objects were found (dated from the late 15 th to the early 16 th centuries), which are those that have motivated this study. In this paper it has been made a typological and functional classification of said objects, which have been related to different aspects of daily life. This study intends to give metal artifacts the place they deserve within archaeological research on material culture.

A 12th-13th-century A.D. ceramic assemblage from Alexander’s Hill at Sagalassos in southwestern Turkey provides new evidence for the typo-chronological study of Byzantine pottery. A functional analysis of the assemblage, along with textual and iconographic evidence, archaeozoological and palynological analyses, and chemical analysis of cooking-pot residues, contributes to the reconstruction of diet and cooking practices in Anatolia. While baked fish, vegetables, pulses, and bread are usually regarded as the staples of Byzantine peasant cuisine, diners at Sagalassos were enjoying beef stews before the Fourth Crusade, when the technique of stewing meat was allegedly introduced to the eastern Mediterranean from the West.

Resumen

La ciudad de Guadix tiene un significativo pasado islámico, llegando a convertirse en una medina de pequeño tamaño a finales de la Edad Media desde su pasado romano. Ante el avance castellano Guadix, dado su creciente papel estratégico como ciudad fronteriza, irá adquiriendo cada vez más importancia para los sucesivos poderes musulmanes que la dominan, fundamentalmente para el reino nazarí de Granada. El núcleo vertebrador de esta pequeña medina, alrededor del cual crece y se articula, será la alcazaba.
Este trabajo pretende analizar la evolución de la ciudad y la alcazaba de Guadix en conjunto en la etapa medieval, en especial de los siglos XI a XV, a partir de las fuentes históricas disponibles. Particular importancia tendrá la metodología de la arqueología de la arquitectura para el estudio de la alcazaba, sobre todo en el análisis estratigráfico de sus paramentos con el objetivo de establecer su secuencia constructiva desde una perspectiva diacrónica. Se perfilará con este método la función de la fortaleza como sede del poder y elemento central en la configuración urbana de la medina.

Palabras clave

Guadix, Edad Media, alcazaba, arqueología de la arquitectura, urbanismo islámico

Abstract

The city of Guadix has a meaningful Islamic past, becoming a little sized medina at the end of the Middle Ages from its Roman background. In the face of the Castillan advance Guadix, given its growing strategic value as border city, will increase more and more its importance to the successive Muslim powers that dominate it, especially the Nasrid kingdom of Grenade. The central place of this little medina, around which it grows and gets articulated, is the alcazaba.
This work pretends to analyze the evolution of both the city and the alcazaba of Guadix in the medieval times, particularly from the 11th to 15th centuries, through the available historical founts. The methodology of the Archaeology of Architecture will have special importance for the study of the alcazaba, remarkably the stratigraphic analysis of its structures to stablish its building sequence from a diachronic perspective. The function of the fortress as power space and central element in the medina’s urban configuration will be delimited with this method.

Keywords

Guadix, Middle Ages, alcazaba, Archaeology of Architecture, Islamic urbanism


En Millán da Costa, Adelaide; Aguiar Andrade, Amélia y Tente, Caterina (eds.), O papel das pequenas cidades na construção da Europa Medieval,  Instituto de Estudios Medievais, Lisboa, 2017, págs. 177-196. Colección Estudos 16.

The castle of contemporary Methoni occupies the area of a small promontory at the south west coast of Peloponnese. Due to its geographic position, it constituted for centuries an important crossroad in the naval streets of the Mediterranean Sea. Although Venice took a keen interest in the area already from the 12th century, it was only after the occupation and dismantlement of the Byzantine Empire in the beginning of the 13th century, that a Venetian colony (Modon/e) was founded here. The city flourished for almost three centuries (First Venetian Rule), until its occupation by the Ottoman Turks in 1500, after an enraged siege and a ruthless slaughter of the population. In the following centuries, Modone came under Venetian rule once more for a brief period of 30 years, from 1686 to 1715 (Second Venetian Rule).
The aim of the present paper is to complement the historic picture of the Venetian Modone that is known through the published material from archive documents, chronicles or traveler accounts, with the aid of architectural remains and ceramics collected so far from the site itself

‘This attractively-presented book is a careful and scholarly account of Rye which will prove to be the authoritative history of the town for the foreseeable future’. Professor Caroline Barron, Royal Holloway, University of London.
Visitors to Rye immediately notice its striking hilltop site, the town’s main entrance, the Land Gate, and fishing boats on the river and quayside. There are wonderful views of Romney Marsh and the English Channel. Exploring Rye’s steep cobbled streets, visitors find St Mary’s parish church surrounded by other historic buildings, and the ‘castle’, the Ypres tower. There is an ancient grammar school, a stone chapel on Conduit Hill, a wealth of inns, medieval and Tudor timber-framed dwellings and other houses with brick facades. Rye was an Ancient Town which formed part of the important Cinque Ports confederation in the Middle Ages, yet has remained a small town ‘almost suspended in time’. How did this happen?
This new illustrated history traces Rye’s origins from the Norman Conquest until beyond its period of great prosperity under the Tudor monarchs. Many inhabitants were fishermen or small-scale merchants and owned vessels which they supplied for the king’s ship-service, transporting members of the royal family across the Channel or, in wartime, carrying horses and provisions for soldiers. In times of truce Rye’s mariners turned to piracy and wrecking, disrupting the cross-channel trade on which the town’s economy also depended.
During the Hundred Years’ War the townsfolk reinforced the defences and, in response to the huge mortality of the Black Death, they endowed an Augustinian Friary so that the brothers would pray for their health and souls. But then Rye entered a period of economic stagnation which saw the disappearance of many trades and crafts which had supported the residents and supplied mariners calling at the port.
Rye’s revival came towards the end of the fifteenth century after the harbours of nearby ports such as New Romney and Winchelsea had been damaged by storms and silting. New houses, shops, fishermen’s lofts and garrets were built, public buildings were erected on the quayside and a piped water supply replaced the outlying medieval springs. A royal official, Sir Richard Guldeford, sailed from Rye on his pilgrimage to Jerusalem in 1506, and until the Reformation the townsfolk beautified the church and supported its chantries. Rye became a prosperous, if crowded, town and its Protestant sympathies and close links to the Continent ensured the arrival of many Huguenot refugees. For over a century Rye continued as the major port in south-east England but as its own harbour silted it was finally eclipsed by Dover in the seventeenth century.

Il XII secolo segna l’avvio nella Campagna Romana di un fenomeno che influirà notevolmente sull’aspetto di tale territorio fino ai nostri giorni: l’Incasalamento. Lo studio di questo fenomeno non è ancora stato sufficientemente approfondito e, in verità, abbandonato per lo più dagli studi di Archeologia Medievale. I Casali sono particolari aziende produttive in cui si praticava principalmente cerealicoltura e allevamento, caratterizzate dalla presenza di una torre e altre strutture a carattere difensivo, abitativo e produttivo. Di tali strutture rimangono tutt’ora visibili per lo più le precarie Torri e più sporadicamente altri elementi, come i recinti. Col passare del tempo lo stato di conservazione di queste evidenze archeologiche è andato peggiorando ed è notevole la differenza tra la situazione fino al secolo scorso e ciò che appare oggi ai nostri occhi: un deterioramento tale è dovuto sia alla repentina urbanizzazione delle zone “rurali” della Campagna romana, sia al completo disinteresse che ne ha decretato, se non la volontaria distruzione, l’accorpamento in strutture moderne o l’abbandono. A livello archeologico rimangono ancora molte ricerche da affrontare, prima di tutto è fondamentale un’analisi incentrata sulle singole tenute da ricondurre successivamente al quadro generale della Campagna romana nei secoli del Basso Medioevo. Un esempio di studio rivolto al sistema dei Casali di un particolare settore della Campagna romana deve essere contraddistinto da una ricerca che ne tocchi i vari aspetti: lo spoglio delle fonti a disposizione è necessario per una ricostruzione quanto più approfondita delle vicende storiche; l’esame delle preesistenze archeologiche aiuta a chiarire il rapporto che questi Casali avevano con i resti del passato e con il territorio; l’analisi dell’assetto tipologico e delle apparecchiature murarie permette di inquadrare cronologicamente le varie fasi costruttive, infine il tentativo di ricostruzione dell’estensione di tali Tenute deve essere basato sull'analisi della cartografia a disposizione e delle fonti descrittive.

L’archeologia postclassica propone una ricerca diacronica, sistemica e interdisciplinare  dei vari elementi di una storia complessa che, per molti aspetti si estende a prima e dopo il medioevo in un lungo periodo storico che si colloca tra due globalizzazioni: quella mediterranea-europea realizzata dall’Impero romano e l’attuale, planetaria.

In questo volume, centrato sull’Italia, oltre alla revisione di temi consolidati nell'ambito medievistico – insediamenti, proprietà, commerci, produzioni, residenze, chiese – vengono presentate nuove linee di ricerca sviluppate con altre discipline di ambito scientifico e sociale  che, negli ultimi anni, hanno rivoluzionato le nostre conoscenze: dal cambiamento climatico e ambientale agli stili di vita, dall'alimentazione alle malattie delle differenti classi sociali ai movimenti migratori. Su questi temi si riflette non solo per comprendere il passato ma anche nella prospettiva presente e futura della disciplina archeologica.

This paper provides a brief overview of some of the current knowledge concerning medieval fulling mills, drawing on archaeological
finds and manuscript evidence from medieval and early modern England, Wales, France, Germany and other parts of Continental
Europe. Illustrations of fulling mills from the 1500s and 1600s are compared with medieval accounts of their construction, maintenance
and repair. This evidence suggests that fulling mills were simply conventional watermills with the same waterfeed and
drive mechanisms as grain mills, but which substituted right-angled gearing and millstones with cam-operated trip-hammers, walkstocks
or stamps and fulling troughs. Although there were at least two different designs of fulling mill (an observation supported by
the extant illustrations), it may well be the case that other designs of fulling mill existed in France and other parts of the Continent.

Memoria final de la intervención arqueológica de apoyo a la restauración en la calle Escudo del Carmen nº 11, localizada en el barrio de San Matías de Granada, desde enero de 2007 a marzo de 2009. Director de la intervención: Luca Mattei. Técnico arqueólogo: Guillermo García-Contreras Ruiz.

Extant  medieval sprang textiles are rare. A linen table cloth dated to the 1st half of the 15th century from Switzerland (Swiss National Museum) and a woollen sprang fragment dated to 1450-1500 from London (Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York), both in hole-design, are probably the largest pieces. In 2009 three linen sprang fabrics were found among the more than 2700 textile finds from Lengberg Castle (East Tyrol, Austria) and now add to that number. The biggest sprang fabric, decorating an almost completely preserved headdress and worked from 120 warp threads, has been 14C-dated to 1390-1450 AD.

The book was published in Prague in 1957
 *
Abstract:
The third part contains a list of findings thaler coins from the period (1519-1900) and a Czech, Moravian and Silesian findings undefinable coins.
The volume is reattached clear map sites.

It includes:

1.), Czech, Moravian and Silesian findings thaler coins periods; 2.) The Czech, Moravian and Silesian findings neurčitelných coins The third part contains a list of findings thaler coins from the period (1519-1900), a Czech, Moravian and Silesian findings indeterminablecoins.

The volume is reattached clear map sites.

En esta tesis se presenta el estudio de un proceso de larga duración, el de la génesis y evolución del cementerio medieval en Cantabria entre los siglos V y XV. El objetivo principal era ordenar, sistematizar y realizar un análisis crítico de la abundante documentación disponible para tratar de comprobar si, partiendo de esa base, podíamos dar respuesta a problemáticas planteadas en las líneas de investigación abiertas actualmente en la Historia Medieval. A la luz de la historia de la investigación y del proceso de formación del corpus documental, se dibujaba un escenario en el que los datos aportados por la Arqueología predominaban por encima del resto en cantidad de información disponible y potencial. Sin embargo, no queríamos reducir nuestro planteamiento a la investigación arqueológica, sino justamente lo contrario: tratar de integrar en un discurso común otros tipos de fuentes, en la medida en la que dialogan, se complementan e interactúan, sobre todo la documentación escrita y los escasos ejemplos de documentación iconográfica. La discusión y contextualización de los datos aportados por estos tres bloques documentales nos ha permitido lograr una caracterización formal del registro funerario regional completa y detallada que supera en profundidad de análisis y en referentes cualquiera de las planteadas hasta la fecha. En este proceso se han tratado de forma separada aspectos relativos al cementerio, a la sepultura y al difunto, siempre teniendo en cuenta que es el estudio del espacio colectivo el que nos interesa por encima de las manifestaciones individuales. Hemos distinguido tres grandes etapas en el proceso analizado que permiten diferenciar los cementerios de época visigoda, de época altomedieval y de época bajomedieval, en los que se perciben con mayor o menor intensidad aspectos de la organización social o del ámbito de las creencias. En los dos últimos periodos, los cambios de los espacios funerarios reflejan, en gran medida, las transformaciones que se producen en el proceso de implantación de la parroquia territorial en los territorios cristianos del norte peninsular.

Commodity and symbol.
The underpants (braies) from the vault at Lengberg Castle, East Tyrol.
This article examines two of the extant garments found at Lengberg Castle in 2008. It offers a detailed description of the completely preserved pair of underpants as well as of the fragment of a second pair both dating to the 15th century. The description includes thread diameters, thread twist and angle of twist, thread counts per centimeter, weave, pattern (line drawing), types of stitches and seams and hems used in sewing the pants and the three repair patches on the completely preserver pair of braies (with illustrations including microscope images).
The paper continues with listing and describing various types of underpants from the 12th to the 16th century based mainly on pictorial sources and discusses the function (as garment devoid of any connotation) and meaning (subjectively, afflicted with a variety of ideas, social implications
and as a symbol) of the object.

Text entirely in German!

The book is available for pre-order at amazon.de.

Results of the long-term study of the 15th century Crimean ceramics are presented in this book. They are based on the analysis of large volumes of archaeological materials. The author proposes detailed classification, typology, and chronology of ceramics and clarifies some technological features of the local and imported wares, as well as focuses on the directions and intensity of ceramics’ trades and factors that influenced
the development of the local pottery production in late medieval Crimea.

Quaderni di Archeologia del Piemonte, 2, 2018; Province di Biella e Novara: F. RUBAT BOREL, S. LEARDI, Candelo (BI), piazza Castello e via Mazzini. Strutture murarie medievali individuate nel corso dello sdoppiamento della  linea fognaria, pp. 263-266;  F. RUBAT BOREL, C. GILARDI, D. MORO, D. VARRONE, Salussola (BI), locc. Aunei Grosso e Puliaco. Strade tardoantiche, medievali e di età modernapp. 266-267. F. RUBAT BOREL, D. REDAMANTE, D. MORO,  Salussola (BI), loc. Gerbido. Fornace per mattoni postmedievale, pp. 268-269. F. RUBAT BOREL, S. MARCHIARO, E. PERENCIN, Salussola (BI), loc. Puliaco. Frequentazione delle età del Bronzo e del Ferro, pp. 269-273. F. RUBAT BOREL, P. COMBA, S.A. PASCHERO, D. VARRONE, Salussola (BI), loc. Puliaco. Struttura fortificata e abitato medievali, pp. 273-277. F. RUBAT BOREL, M. HIROSE, L. LAMANNA, M. ZAPELLONI, Castelletto sopra Ticino (NO), via Fermi. Sepoltura golasecchiana con boccale decorato a stampiglia, pp. 278-282, F. RUBAT BOREL, S. MARCHIARO, Vaprio d’Agogna (NO), loc. Cascina “Il Motto”. Urna funeraria, spada e spillone dell’età del Bronzo, pp. 287-289

A successful campaign led by the Grand Vizier Gedik Ahmed Pasha to the Crimea in 1475 brought new territories to the Ottoman Empire — the Southern Taurica and the eastern edge of the Kerch Peninsula, which previously belonged to the Genoese and the local principality of Theodoro. This event, as well as new political and economic realities, had a significant
impact on the material culture of the local population. Substantial changes also occurred in the ceramic assemblage. According to the written sources of the first half of the 16th century, pottery manufacturing in Taurica, particularly in the Ottoman province Kefe (former Genoese Caffa), also persisted. However, archaeological data tell about disappearance of
glazed pottery, inherent for the previous epoch. In the Ottoman period, the new forms and decorations of vessels, more common for the central regions of the Porte, prevailed among ceramic utensils used by the local inhabitants. At the same time, import from other lands of the Empire became a significant part of the Crimean ceramic assemblage too, especially in the early years of the Ottoman rule. Among them, there are ordinary courseware and glazed tableware, which came in significant amounts. For the first time, changes in ceramic assemblages, which occurred after the catastrophe of 1475, are analyzed on the basis of the materials from well-dated archaeological contexts of the end of the 15th — beginning of the 17th centuries, from various archaeological sites of the Crimea.

Les fouilles archéologiques portant sur la période des XIe - XVIe siècles menées en Provence livrent de très nombreux accessoires métalliques du costume et de la parure de corps. Ce sont des éléments de fixation prenant la forme d’épingles, d’agrafes, de boutons, des constituants de la ceinture – boucle, chape, mordant, appliques –, mais aussi des ornements que l’on ajoute à celle-ci ou à même les étoffes, tels les grelots, ou bien encore des parures de corps – bracelets, bagues et colliers –, des objets de dévotion personnelle comme les enseignes de pèlerinage. L’étude archéologique et typo-chronologique de ces objets a permis d’organiser le mobilier et conduit dans de nombreux cas à l’obtention de datations typologiques. Elle a également rendu possible la caractérisation d’évolutions dans l’ornementation des accessoires métalliques, dans la manière de fixer les pièces vestimentaires ou d’orner le corps. Les accessoires métalliques du costume présentent des variations morphologiques, de décoration, de fonctionnalité, de matériau ou de techniques de fabrication caractéristiques d’évolutions dans les usages, de phénomènes de mode, de la construction du paraître, d’une hiérarchie de l’apparence. Il est donc nécessaire d’aller au-delà de la seule analyse archéologique et de faire appel aux sources textuelles et à l’iconographie pour approfondir ces aspects et ouvrir sur la valeur économique ou symbolique de ces objets. La production de ces objets métalliques requiert des compétences techniques plus ou moins élaborées que des analyses de composition par la méthode PIXE, sur une sélection d’artefacts, mettent en perspective. La nature des alliages utilisés, comparée aux données disponibles sur le trafic des matériaux en Provence et à la diffusion géographique des artefacts, conduit à proposer des hypothèses quant aux zones de production. Les résultats de notre thèse aboutissent à une meilleure compréhension de cet aspect de la culture matérielle qu’est le costume, grâce à une étude archéologique complétée par la prise en compte des données offertes par d’autres sources.

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Archaeological excavations conducted in Provence and concerning the period of the XIth - XVIth centuries deliver very numerous metallic accessories of costume and adornment of the body. These are (1) fastening elements in the form of pins, staples, buttons, (2) constituents of the belt : buckle, chape, belt ends, mounts, (3) ornaments added on the belt or directly onto the fabrics, such as bells, (4) finery : bracelets, rings and necklaces, (5) personal devotional objects such as pilgrim signs. The archaeological and typo-chronological study of the objects has allowed to classify the accessories and has lead in many cases to typological dating. It has also made possible the characterization of changes in the ornamentation of metal accessories and in the way of fixing items of clothing or adorning the body. The metal accessories of the costume present variations in their aspect, decoration, functionality, material or manufacturing techniques which reflect changes in the customs, fashion phenomena, the making of appearances, a hierarchy of the looks. It is therefore necessary to move beyond the mere archaeological analysis and to call for textual sources and iconography to thoroughly study these aspects and broaden the outlook to the economic or symbolic value of these objects. The production of these metal objects requires technical skills, more or less profound, that compositional analyzes by the PIXE technique, on a selection of artifacts, put into perspective.