Manuscript studies, codicology, palaeography, medieval paper, Chaucer, circulation of texts and books, history of the book, electronic editing and digital humanities

The article by Denis Tsypkin is an editorial foreword for the current collection of articles and it provides brief overview of the five annual conferences “Expert Examination and Photography,” which were held from 2010 to 2014. The paper covers the reports and presentations, which were dedicated to the following subjects: development of the expert examination of documents and texts in Russia; general expert theory and methodology, as well as to the theory, methodology and history of studying of historical and modern paper and its identifying marks; methodology and hardware and software for studying handwritten manuscripts (in forensic and historical handwriting examination); modern methods, procedures and means of technical examination of documents; technical and technological expert examination of monuments; questions relating to the expert, restoration and resource studying of photo documents.

"A number of Islamic associations have put a quick end to their collaboration with a professor -- and trainer of people who are supposed to teach Islam in German high schools -- who has expressed his doubt that Muhammad ever lived. Islam scholar Michael Marx spoke with SPIEGEL ONLINE about what lies behind the debate and the historical person of the Prophet. "

""Thirteenth- and fourteenth-century Latin Bibles survive in hundreds of manuscripts, one of the most popular books of the Middle Ages. Their innovative layout and organization established the norm for Bibles for centuries to come. This volume is the first study of these Bibles as a cohesive group. Multi- and inter-disciplinary analyses in art history, liturgy, exegesis, preaching and manuscript studies, reveal the nature and evolution of layout and addenda. They follow these Bibles as they were used by monks and friars, preachers and merchants. By addressing Latin Bibles alongside their French, Italian and English counterparts, this book challenges the Latin-vernacular dichotomy to show links, as well as discrepancies, between lay and clerical audiences and their books.
Contributors include Diane Reilly, Paul Saenger, Richard Gameson, Chiara Ruzzier, Giovanna Murano, Cornelia Linde, Lucie Doležalová, Laura Light, Eyal Poleg, Sabina Magrini, Sabrina Corbellini, Margriet Hoogvliet, Guy Lobrichon, Elizabeth Solopova, and Matti Peikola"


LIVE(!) table of contents:


Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1 
Eyal Poleg and Laura Light

The Bible as Bellwether: Manuscript Bibles in the Context of
Spiritual, Liturgical and Educational Reform, 1000–1200  (http://www.academia.edu/3742204/The_Bible_as_Bellwether_Manuscript_Bibles_in_the_Context_of_Spiritual_Liturgical_and_Educational_Reform_1000-1200_in_Form_and_Function_in_the_Late_Medieval_Bible_eds._Eyal_Poleg_and_Laura_Light
Diane J. Reilly

The Twelfth-Century Reception of Oriental Languages and
the Graphic Mise en page of Latin Vulgate Bibles Copied
in England............................................................................................................ 31
Paul Saenger

Durham’s Paris Bible and the Use of Communal Bibles in a
Benedictine Cathedral Priory in the Later Middle Ages ......................... 67
Richard Gameson

The Miniaturisation of Bible Manuscripts in the
Thirteenth Century. A Comparative Study ............................................... 105
Chiara Ruzzier

The Epistles of St. Paul of the Convent of San Domenico
(Bologna, Biblioteca Universitaria, MS 1545).......................................... 127
Giovanna Murano

John Pecham on the Form of Lamentations ................................................. 147
J. Cornelia Linde

The Summarium Biblicum: A Biblical Tool both Popular and Obscure............................................................................................................... 163
Lucie Doležalová

The Thirteenth-Century Pandect and the Liturgy:
Bibles with Missals .......................................................................................... 185
Laura Light

The Interpretations of Hebrew Names in Theory and Practice ............... 217
Eyal Poleg

Vernacular Bibles, Biblical Quotations and the Paris Bible in
Italy from the Thirteenth to the Fifteenth Century: A
First Report........................................................................................................237
Sabina Magrini

Vernacular Bible Manuscripts in Late Medieval Italy: Cultural Appropriation and Textual Transformation ............................................. 261
Sabrina Corbellini

The Medieval Vernacular Bible in French as a Flexible Text:
Selective and Discontinuous Reading Practices...................................... 283
Margriet Hoogvliet

The Story of a Success: The Bible historiale in French
(1295-ca. 1500)................................................................................................307
Guy Lobrichon

Manuscript Evidence for the Patronage, Ownership and Use
of the Wycliffite Bible ..................................................................................... 333
Elizabeth Solopova

Tables of Lections in Manuscripts of the Wycliffite Bible ......................... 351
Matti Peikola

Epilogue................................................................................................................... 379
Peter Stallybrass "

Pour le paléographe, il est plus commode de travailler avec des classifications nettes et des périodisations distinctes qu’en suivant une tradition confuse. Les styles d’écriture arménienne ne sont pas clairement définis, et il est commun de mélanger un type avec un autre. Une véritable catégorisation universelle n’est véritablement apparue qu’avec l’imprimerie, où l’idiosyncrasie du scribe laisse la place à une implacable logique des formes de lettres.

"Les journaux de bords des premières expéditions françaises en Louisiane, reliées dans leur structure originale, soulèvent des difficultés, par ailleurs récurrentes dans les collections d’archives : les encres, de nature ferrogallique, sont relativement bien conservées, mais le papier, autrefois exposé à l’humidité et aux microorganismes, est extrêmement affaibli sur les bords.
L’utilisation de méthodes de consolidation locale permettrait de ne pas dérelier et d’intervenir a minima sur les documents. Toutefois, un certain nombre de risques y sont liés : formation d’auréoles d’humidité pouvant brunir avec le temps, gondolement local du papier, migration des encres ferrogalliques. Ce dernier aspect, souvent sous estimé, devrait être déterminant dans les prises de décision : la formation de halos bruns autour et au verso des tracés, souvent peu perceptibles à l’œil nu, s’accompagne d’une migration de fer, particulièrement préjudiciable à la bonne conservation future des manuscrits.
Nous avons cherché les paramètres de mise en œuvre d’un ré-encollage local qui limitent, tant que faire ce peut, les mouillures, les déformations, et les migrations. L’adhésif retenu (Klucel G à 2% dans l’éthanol) a été appliqué directement au pinceau sur les parties altérées, pour consolider localement le papier sans défaire les reliures."

https://bit.ly/3zc3W5b

Bollettino bibliografico della cultura europea da Boezio a Erasmo (secoli VI-XV) della «Società Internazionale per lo Studio del Medioevo Latino» della «Fondazione Ezio Franceschini». Direttori: Agostino Paravicini Bagliani e Lucia Pinelli. «Medioevo latino» è una bibliografia che esce con periodicità annuale (a partire dal 1980) e che dà notizia esaustiva della produzione medievistica dell’anno precedente, relativa ai testi prevalentemente scritti in lingua latina tra l’anno 475 e gli inizi del XVI secolo (arco cronologico che si è progressivamente ampliato nel corso degli anni). Lo spoglio bibliografico completo e diretto di libri, riviste, bollettini inerenti la latinità medievale e, in generale, la cultura e la storia medievale, si avvale del lavoro di ricerca di circa 150 collaboratori, riuniti in diverse redazioni italiane (Bologna, Firenze, Foggia,Genova, Lecce, Macerata, Milano, Napoli, Perugia, Roma, Salerno, Sassari, Siena,Torino, Udine, Verona) e straniere (Bern, Bonn, Cambridge, Göttingen, Köln, Paris, Columbus, Santiago de Compostela, Seattle, Valladolid, Zürich) facenti capo a quella centrale di Firenze. La caratteristica che contraddistingue l’informazione bibliografica offerta è la presenza per la maggioranza delle voci di una sintesi orientativa del contenuto dei vari titoli segnalati. Nel corso degli anni si è provveduto a una sempre più articolata struttura interna della pubblicazione, che attualmente comprende sei sezioni generali («Autori e testi» - «Fortleben» - «Argomenti, generi letterari, istituzioni» - «Opere di consultazione» - «Congressi e miscellanee» - «Manoscritti da cataloghi») corredate da quattro indici («Indice dei manoscritti e delle stampe» - «Indice lessicale» - «Indice geografico» - «Indice degli studiosi»), che fanno del bollettino, già apprezzato da tutti gli studiosi in ogni parte del mondo scientifico, uno strumento unico e insostituibile per chiunque si rivolga a questo settore della ricerca. «Medioevo latino» è interamente consultabile on line al sito www.mirabileweb.it. Il Repertorio bibliografico è disponibile anche in CD ROM.

Petrus Alfonsi was an important and unusual figure in the "twelfth-century renaissance" whose interests embraced polemical theology, astronomy, and literature, each an area in which he made important contributions to the development of medieval thought. Perhaps this diversity of interests is what has robbed Alfonsi of his due in modern scholarship, for he has fallen through the cracks, between various academic disciplines; he has received less acclaim among modern medievalists than he had among medieval writers.
In this first book-length treatment of Alfonsi, Tolan presents a thorough introduction to Alfonsi's thought and its importance to the Middle Ages.
A Spanish Jew who converted to Christianity, Alfonsi immigrated to England and later to France, wrote a polemic against Judaism and Islam, and translated moral fables and astronomical works from Arabic into Latin. The author shows that he was an important early transmitter of Arabic and Hebrew learning to the Latin north and greatly influenced later medieval thinkers.
Drawing from his analysis of nearly 170 manuscripts containing Alfonsi's works, along with the works of later authors who turned to Alfonsi as a source, Tolan uncovers much about who used Alfonsi's works and to what ends his works were put. He finds, for example, that Alfonsi's Disciplina clericalis provided a mine of materials not only for thirteenth-century preachers but also for Boccaccio and Chaucer, and that arguments from his Dialogis contra Iudaeos were taken up by Christian polemicists from Peter the Venerable to Alonso de Espina.

A Companion to Medieval Art: Romanesque and Gothic in Northern Europe, Blackwell Companions in Art History, 2nd ed. (Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, 2019) (a collection of thirty-nine original essays from leading and upcoming scholars in the field, each historiographically analyzing one of a systematic and editorially determined range of subjects in the development of Romanesque and Gothic art history; eleven new essays were added to the revised original thirty essays of the first edition; this includes my introductory essay, "A Sense of Loss: An Overview of the Historiography of Romanesque and Gothic Art").

1. Introduction
A Sense of Loss: An Overview of the Historiography of Romanesque and Gothic Art
Conrad Rudolph

2. Artifex and Opifex – The Medieval Artist
Beate Fricke

3. Vision
Cynthia Hahn

4. Materials, Materia, "Materiality"
Aden Kumler

5. Reception of Images by Medieval Viewers
Madeline H. Caviness

6. Narrative, Narratology, and Meaning
Suzanne Lewis

7. Formalism
Linda Seidel

8. Gender and Medieval Art
Brigitte Kurmann-Schwarz

9. Gregory the Great and Image Theory in Northern Europe During the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries
Herbert L. Kessler

10. Iconography
Shirin Fozi

11. Art and Exegesis
Christopher G. Hughes

12. Whodunit? Patronage, the Canon, and the Problematics of Agency in Romanesque and Gothic Art
Jill Caskey

13. Collecting (and Display)
Pierre Alain Mariaux

14. The Concept of Spolia
Dale Kinney

15. The Monstrous
Thomas E. A. Dale

16. Making Sense of Marginalized Images in Manuscripts and Religious Architecture
Laura Kendrick

17. Definitions and Explanations of the Romanesque Style in Architecture from the 1960s to the Present Day
Eric Fernie

18. Romanesque Sculpture in Northern Europe
Colum Hourihane

19. Modern Origins of Romanesque Sculpture
Robert A. Maxwell

20. The Historiography of Romanesque Manuscript Illumination
Adam Cohen

21. The Study of Gothic Architecture
Stephen Murray

22. France, Germany, and the Historiography of Gothic Sculpture
Jacqueline Jung

23. Gothic Manuscript Illustration: The Case of France
Anne D. Hedeman

24. “Specially English”: Gothic Illumination c.1190 to the Early Fourteenth Century
Kathryn A. Smith

25. From Institutional to Private and from Latin to the Vernacular: German Manuscript Illumination in the Thirteenth Century
Michael Curschmann

26. Glazing Medieval Buildings
Elizabeth Pastan

27. Toward a Historiography of the Sumptuous Arts
Brigitte Buettner

28. Reliquaries
Cynthia Hahn

29. East Meets West: The Art and Architecture of the Crusader States
Jaroslav Folda

30. Gothic in the Latin East
Michalis Olympios

31. Art and Liturgy in the Middle Ages
Eric Palazzo

32. Architectural Layout: Design, Structure, and Construction in Northern Europe
Marie-Thérèse Zenner

33. Sculptural Programs
Bruno Boerner

34. The Art and Architecture of Female Monasticism
Jeffrey F. Hamburger

35. Cistercian Architecture
Peter Fergusson

36. Art and Pilgrimage: Mapping the Way
Paula Gerson

37. "The Scattered Limbs of the Giant": Recollecting Medieval Architectural Revivals
Tina Waldeier Bizzarro

38. Medieval Art Collections
Janet Marquardt

39. The Modern Medieval Museum
Michelle P. Brown

Updated English edition later this year ------

This work has been conceived by the author as an enlarged version of the original volume Il libro manoscritto. Introduzione alla codicologia, already published in this series (n 124). At a time when the breaking down of political and ideological barriers has become an urgent necessity, investigating the science of the book before Gutenberg, i.e., Codicology, considered by the author in its entirety - the history of the ancient and medieval book and the relative manufacturing techniques up to its modern-day place of conservation, and the history of studies undertaken - goes beyond the confines of Greek and Latin civilisations of the western academic tradition. In an attempt at comparative methodology, allowing an improved reading of many artisanal book production phenomena, where possible, those cultures which have come into contact with our own are presented; from East to West, above all Byzantium, the age-old, multi-ethnic empire which gathered and salvaged both Roman and Greek civilisations, an inheritance which it enhanced with cultural and linguistic practices, as well as book and artistic techniques from a diversity of backgrounds.

Maria Luisa Agati taught Codicology at The University of Rome II. She has specialised in Byzantine studies and her interests span book culture of the Greek Middles Ages, and the material structure of the book. Among her many contributions, ranging from questions concerning the ninth and tenth centuries, to the connections between handwritten and printed letters in the sixteenth century: the monographs dedicated to bouletée minuscule (Vatican City, 1992) and to Giovanni Onorio da Maglie, Greek scribe (1535-1563) (Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Rome 2001), the identification and study of amanuenses like Pietro Devaris (mainly in The Greek Script in the 15th and 16th centuries, Athina 2000), and the Catalogo dei manoscritti greci della biblioteca dell' Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei e Corsiniana (Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Roma 2007). Her research activity at the moment concerns the oriental Greek manuscript in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries.

Questo volume, concepito inizialmente come seconda edizione riveduta, corretta e aggiornata del precedente Il libro manoscritto. Introduzione alla Codicologia (n 124 di questa collana), è in realtà una redazione ampliata e modificata, come dimostra la rinnovata veste tipografica. In un momento in cui l'abbattimento delle barriere politico-ideologiche diventa un obiettivo di urgente necessità, l'indagine sulla scienza del libro prima di Gutenberg, o Codicologia, dall'Autrice concepita in modo integrale - storia del libro antico e medievale e delle relative tecniche di fabbricazione sino alle sue odierne sedi di conservazione, e storia degli studi - , viene spinta oltre i confini delle civiltà greca e latina della tradizione accademica occidentale. In un tentativo di metodologia comparativa, di sussidio per una migliore lettura di tanti fenomeni della produzione libraria artigianale, si pongono a confronto, dove possibile, le culture che con le nostre, venendo a contatto, hanno interagito: da Oriente a Occidente, soprattutto attraverso Bisanzio, l'Impero millenario multietnico che ha raccolto e salvato l'eredità romana e greca insieme, eredità sulla quale, mediando, ha fuso pratiche culturali e linguistiche, nonché tecniche librarie e artistiche di matrici diverse.

This paper examines the papyrus as a writing board, his size and format, how the texts were put into writing, the different formal criteria according to the type of text (religious, literary, legal, letters, etc.), the use of the inks and other graphical means.

Institute of Manuscript of Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine. 1918–2018 / ed.-in-chief L.A. Dubrovina. Kyiv, 2018. 472 p.
Наукове видання підготовлене з нагоди 100-річчя одного з найбільш знакових за своїми метою, завданнями та фондами структурного підрозділу Національної бібліотеки України імені В.І. Вернадського – Інституту рукопису (від 1918 до 1992 р. – відділ рукописів). Висвітлені історія фундації та соціальні функції Інституту рукопису, проаналізовано його внесок у розвиток науки та культури України. Окремими розділами представлені науковий доробок Інституту та його кадровий потенціал за 1918–2018 рр. У додатках репрезентовані матеріали про склад та зміст рукописного фонду Інституту.
Розраховане на істориків, бібліотеко- та архівознавців, культурологів, усіх, хто цікавиться минулим та дивиться в майбутнє України.

Біобібліографічна довідка: Гнатенко Людмила Анатоліївна, с. 302–309.

Древнейшим, но практически неизвестным исследователям источником по истории земель Ржевы Володимеровой, является книга письма и меры А. Е. Салтыкова 1587/88–1588/89 гг., сохранившаяся в списке 1635 г., снятом с приправочного списка 1622–1624 гг. Она содержит описание половины территории Ржевского уезда, распо- ложенной по правому берегу р. Волги («половина князя Дмитрия Ивановича»). Издание этого исторического источника открывает для широкого круга исследователей возможность использовать сведения писцовой книги для изучения целого спектра проблем средневековой истории. Специальные разделы издания посвящены источниковедческому исследованию рукописи, публикации выписей, сделанных с подлинника, и общей историко-географической характеристике региона по данным писцовой книги.

Il corso, indirizzato a catalogatori già in possesso di nozioni teoriche e pratiche di catalogazione, si soffermerà sulle voci d’autorità come elementi essenziali all’interno della descrizione bibliografica, focalizzandosi in particolare sui collegamenti alle figure responsabili della pubblicazione, produzione e distribuzione delle risorse, ovvero gli editori, gli stampatori e i librai, e sui loro emblemi distintivi, le marche tipografiche. Sarà dato ampio spazio all’analisi di risorse antiche messe a disposizione dalla biblioteca della Federazione delle Clarisse Urbaniste a Viterbo e a repertori e altri strumenti indispensabili per l’identificazione e la descrizione degli editori e delle marche.
Per ulteriori informazioni e per conoscere le modalità di iscrizione clicca qui: https://www.centrostudisantarosa.org/catalogare-il-materiale-a-stampa-antico/

An overview of the variety of textual differences that exist between the Apocalypse in Codex Sinaiticus and the book in modern critical editions, thereby offering a window into the book's early readership. There is also a YouTube link to the lecture version of this paper, which was recently delivered at Samford University for their Holley Hull Lecture Series: https://vimeo.com/878444925/a35492dd8b?share=copy&fbclid=IwAR10Iu7HKuAjjcEcDdxgfT7XKqe2F6W6Bwb1cVHafNO0Yz6g4VhsIhXHMz4

The winners of the jousts of the tournament company
'The White Bear' in Bruges, 1380-1458.

An authentic manuscript from the Burgundian period. The manuscript in the Royal Library of Brussels is dated around 1460. It shows the coats of arms of the participants who won the tournament in this period. Participants came from Lille (Epinette), Ypres, Douai, Tournai, Vallenciennes, Ghent and Mechelen. These participants belonged to the patriciate and nobility of their city. Flemish squires and knights also took part, as well as noblemen from the surroundings of the Burgundian court.

Les gagnants des joutes de la société du tournoi
'L'Ours Blanc' à Bruges, 1380-1458.

Un manuscrit authentique de l'époque bourguignonne. Le manuscrit de la Bibliothèque royale de Bruxelles est daté d'environ 1460. Il montre les blasons des participants qui ont remporté le tournoi à cette époque. Les participants sont venus de Lille (Epinette), Ypres, Douai, Tournai, Vallenciennes, Gand et Malines. Ces participants appartenaient au patriciat et à la noblesse de leur ville. Des écuyers et chevaliers flamands y participaient également, ainsi que des nobles des environs de la cour de Bourgogne.

O Curso Letras do Mundo centra-se em textos dos séculos XVI a XIX escritos em diferentes espaços geográficos pelos quais os portugueses viajaram: Brasil, África, Índia e Ásia Oriental. As sessões incidirão sobre um conjunto de manuscritos que ilustram diferentes tipologias de caligrafias e de temas. Se o desenho das letras por si só constitui um desafio à decifração, os temas despertam-nos para um olhar cruzado sobre o indivíduo, a sociedade, o quotidiano, a cultura, a arte e as crenças na Idade Moderna e na Idade Contemporânea. São estes traços, simultaneamente visuais e mentais, que nos convidam a embarcar numa viagem paleográfica.

The English version of an exploration of Armenian manuscript art for a vast exhibition catalogue on the occasion the 500th anniversary of Armenian printing, 1512-2012.  The exhibit was held in the famous Correr Museum in the Piazzo San Marco using book items from its rich collection with loans from the Mekhitarist Brotherhood collection at San Lazzaro in the Venice lagoon and from various collections in Yerevan, Armenia.  The French version is posted below.

This is a "stub" for the 2015 version of my "cheat sheet" "Who/What is 'Trotula'?" The most recent version posted is from 2023 (https://www.academia.edu/97430512/). See https://independentscholar.academia.edu/MonicaHGreen/Trota-and-the-'Trotula';; for all posted materials.

If you need a copy of the 2015 version for reference purposes, please feel free to write me: monica.h.green@gmail.com.

The Art of Falconry (De Arte Venandi cum Avibus) by Frederick II is a treatise on ornithology, which was regarded as an art and as a noble sport at its time. The manuscript has been copied several times in form of two-volume and six-volume versions.

This essay focuses on the image of Frederick II and His Falcon from a two-volume codex, which was dedicated by Frederick to his son Manfred while briefly surveying the contributions of Frederick II to the Gothic scholarship.

In this study, I extended input methods for the Japanese language to Egyptian hieroglyphics. There are several systems that capable of inputting Egyptian hieroglyphic writing. However, they do not allow us to directly input hieroglyphs, for instance, into MS Word. The new Egyptian hieroglyphic input system being reported here, developed using technology used for inputting Japanese writing, is quite unique and allows the direct input of hieroglyphs, for example, into MS Word. Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs and the Japanese writing system (with its mixture of hiragana, katakana and kanji) share basic graphemic characteristics. For instance, Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic logograms are functionally similar to Japanese kanji logograms (Chinese characters), whereas Egyptian hieroglyphic phonograms are functionally similar to Japanese hiragana and katakana syllabic phonograms. The input technology for Japanese makes it possible to input a mixture of logograms and phonograms, and phonetic complements. This technology is a well-organized and handy tool to input Japanese writing into computers, having been used by over 100 million people. I applied this technology to Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic inputting and created a new intuitive hieroglyphic inputting system using Google Japanese Input. Using this method, anyone can directly write Egyptian hieroglyphic writing into software like MS Word. If the transcription of an ancient Egyptian word is entered, the correct hieroglyphs are generated by this system. If there are multiple options for any phonemic combinations that use other combinations of phonetic complements or determinatives, a dropdown window with a list of several combinations of glyphs appears and the user can choose the desired combination.

For an audio-video animation of the manuscript with the modern transcription see the link below:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dO56v7qltNo

An edition of the anonymous labyrinthine ballade on three canons, "En la maison Dedalus" (In the House of Dedalus) from the Berkeley Manuscript.

This edition includes a modern transcription of the music, the original manuscript excerpted, poetic and literal translations of the text, reconstruction of the 11-tier labyrinth upon which the music is overlain, and pedagogical materials/explanations of the musical and poetic medieval Ballade forme-fixe.

This essay offers the philological background to the edition of the Trotula standardized ensemble that was published (with a facing-page English translation) by University of Pennsylvania Press in 2001.  As demonstrated in full detail here, the Trotula ensemble is actually a grouping of three different texts, each of separate authorship, that were likely produced in the southern Italian town of Salerno in the 12th century.  Each of these three texts—the Liber de sinthomatibus mulierum (Book on the Conditions of Women), the De curis mulierum (On Treatments for Women), and the De ornatu mulierum (On Women’s Cosmetics)—circulated independently and each is found in two or more different versions.  By the late 12th century, the three works were combined and then this ensemble went through its own textual development; I identify at least six distinct versions.  The essay surveys all 122 Latin manuscripts of the texts that were known to me at the time.  It also builds on the findings of John F. Benton, who was the first to show that the Renaissance editor of the Trotula thoroughly rearranged the text, erasing any last traces that there were three component works (and three authors).  Hence, the Renaissance edition fixed for the next 400 years a false understanding of these works and their possible associations with a female author.  In a final section of this study, I describe the medieval vernacular translations and Latin re-writings in relation to the Latin tradition.

For fuller information on the Latin Trotula manuscripts, see Monica H. Green, “A Handlist of the Latin and Vernacular Manuscripts of the So-Called Trotula Texts.  Part I: The Latin Manuscripts,” Scriptorium 50 (1996), 137-175.  For the vernacular manuscripts, see Monica H. Green, “A Handlist of the Latin and Vernacular Manuscripts of the So-Called Trotula Texts.  Part II: The Vernacular Texts and Latin Re-Writings,” Scriptorium 51 (1997), 80-104.  For further information on the historic female writer and medical practitioner Trota of Salerno (who is only to be associated with the De curis mulierum text), see Monica H. Green, “Reconstructing the Oeuvre of Trota of Salerno,” in La Scuola medica Salernitana: Gli autori e i testi, ed. Danielle Jacquart and Agostino Paravicini Bagliani, Edizione Nazionale ‘La Scuola medica Salernitana’, 1 (Florence: SISMEL/Edizioni del Galluzzo, 2007), 183-233; and chapter 1 of Monica H. Green, Making Women’s Medicine Masculine: The Rise of Male Authority in Pre-Modern Gynaecology (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008).

The Secret Book, a product of the medieval theosophy, also known in the literature as Gospel of John, belongs to apocryphal literature with apocalyptic and visionary orientation. The content of The Secret Book implies heretical elements, mainly typical for dualistic doctrines and especially for the doctrine of Bogomilism. In its content it describes the prehistory of creation of the world, the creation itself, and also uncovers the future history of the mankind, in which, in cosmogony sense, it mixes christian believes with non-christian ones, based on religious-philosophical concept of moderate dualism and gnosticism.
This text, today, is known only through two transcriptions in Latin, Parisian and Viennese versions, known by the names Codex Carcashsoniensis and Vienna Version. The translation in Latin is directly connected with the missionary work of the Bogomil babun (priest) Nasaria in 1170, whose goal was to spread the ideas of Bogomils among devotees of Catharism.
This 1999 publication  is the reverse translation of this text in Latin to Macedonian, the native tongue of the Bogomils in Macedonia, from the region of the Lake Prespa, who wrote it.

Throughout history the artisans of the book have always wanted to push its boundaries. The present research will take a closer look at a contemporary applied artist who redefined and reshaped the physical book. For nearly three decades Irma Boom has designed books which pushed the limits of typography, text-image conventions, materiality and binding. Through her commissions Boom blurred the lines between a designer, image editor and author. Her unusual way of story-telling provided the book with a new life. Boom’s books are celebrated as works of art, exhibited in museums around the world, and featured in the permanent collections in most prestigious art establishments around the globe.
The aim of this research is to create a discussion about the new role of the book in the new millennium. In the digital age Irma Boom’s books prove that the physical book has much to offer to its reader. This study will examine three main issues: legibility as main source of communication, the designer as the new author of the book and finally the books of the new millennium. Ten case studies were chosen to illustrate how Irma Boom redefined the craft of book design.