Unicorn

Статья предлагает определение платформенной компании, характеризует её участников и среду. Работа содержит интегрированную классификацию платформенных компаний, тезисно описывает критерии определения платформенных компаний в мировых рейтингах, а также отражает процесс выработки категориального аппарата платформенных компаний.

Exhibition catalogue, BOZAR, Centre for Fine Arts, Brussels, February 22 – August 3, 2014; Tel Aviv Museum of Art, Tel Aviv, September 4, 2014 – January 31, 2015; and Dallas Museum of Art, Dallas, Texas, March 15 – July 5, 2015.  This book includes texts by Hans D. Christ, David Coggins, Martin Germann, Jeffrey Grove, Jan Hoet, Jeffrey Kastner, David Lynch, and Charlotte Mullins.  It is also published in French, and Dutch.

This case study aims to provide a profound analysis of Tokopedia’s critical success factors. As Indonesia’s largest online marketplace, Tokopedia’s ecosystem has reached 93% of districts in Indonesia across 17,000 islands. Through its impactful yet responsive business strategies, the company has successfully led the Indonesian e-commerce market.
In dissecting the case, this report is presented in 5 parts. The first part examines the highlights of its ten-year journey; the events, the struggles, and turning points prior to become the market leader. The second part analyzes Tokopedia’s internal management and external strategies in shaping their characteristics, handling obstacles, and prevailing their challengers. One of their recipes to success is their responsiveness toward users by captivating and preserving both buyers and sellers with convenient users service, appropriate marketing strategies, and proper communications. The third part investigates the current position and future potential of Tokopedia. This is followed by discussion of the future challenges faced by Tokopedia. This study will also offer several recommendations to strengthen and maintain Tokopedia’s position in the market. One of them is to involve millennials and emerging middle-class populations in Indonesia as their future segments. Finally, the conclusion will highlights fundamental lessons from the success of Tokopedia.
As the world embraces rapid technological and internet advancement in all spheres, this case study, by analysing the success story of a unicorn e-commerce, hopes to offer insights for emerging Asian online marketplace, as well as inspire the readers that Asian brands can rise and win the market.
Keywords: e-commerce, online marketplace, localization, management, Asian culture, national domination strategy.

The emerge beginning of financial technology or fintech startup was founded by one or several startup founders. How did a startup founder start until the fintech startup was established? This paper is aimed at addressing this problem, which is the beginning of the founding of fintech startups by technopreneurs, the intention behind them to establish a fintech startup. The research method of this paper is a literature review by taking cases from several Indonesian startup fintech companies. Data is taken from various sources, especially from online references. Data analysis from the literature through an investigation of the topics discussed. This study will reveal the behavior history of technopreneurs before establishing his or her business. This paper is a valuable finding for researchers as well as people who are interested in the field of entrepreneurship, technopreneur, and startup, especially the early history and pre-founding behavior of fintech startup from technopreneurs.

Risk-adjusted equity valuation of Tesla Motors: A practical application of Monte Carlo simulation to calibrate risk and uncertainty of risk in a Discounted Cash Flow valuation
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Financial equity valuation of public companies is a complex and daunting task. In a tech start-up arena, promising companies are generally evaluated against expected future potential of their innovation and/or ability to capitalize on those expectations. In these cases, financial historical data is generally of limited value for evaluating future financial projections, thus analysts often rely on hypothetical inputs to valuate equity. Tesla Inc. (NASDAQ: TSLA) is a notable example in this category- a Silicon Valley “poster child” in the automotive space with a vision to advance the adoption of electric mobility across the world. Though many could argue Tesla Motors is a globally recognized brand, the company is still in the dawn days of mass-production with total output for 2016 at 84,700 units, which fails by comparison to nearly 6.7 million vehicles that Ford produced during the same time. Yet, early in 2017 the electric car-maker’s valuation reached over $51 billion dollars briefly surpassing Ford and General Motors in market-cap to become the most valuable carmaker in the United States. Dunn (2017) Historically, the automotive industry has been considered rather predictable due to its capital-intense requirements for heavy expenditures for manufacturing, infrastructure, as well as research and development. Founded on these financial variables and levers, along with market outlook reports, analysts have been able to methodically issue valuations and investment guidance to the market. Yet, while Tesla Motors operates in the same industry, the company’s hefty capital outflows, shadowed by consistent annual losses and missed delivery targets (typically a recipe for a financial meltdown) is contrasted by rather exceptional stock performance since its IPO in 2010. This phenomenon draws a fine line between the two opposing investment camps on Wall Street. The bulls, in the optimistic corner are charged by fanatic optimism on Tesla’s hyper-growth and industry-disruption potential. This positive outlook is further galvanized by the charismatic and visionary leader of Tesla’s electrification revolution-Elon Musk. A serial entrepreneur, co-founder and a CEO of Tesla, who is confidently leading charge into the battle for EV (Electric Vehicle) survival.

Tokopedia sebagai salah satu pionir eCommerce di Indonesia telah menjadi tolak ukur eCommerce lain untuk menjalankan bisnis platform eCommerce. Tak terlepas juga Tokopedia adalah target bagi para kompetitor untuk memposisikan perusahaan yang mereka punya di Indonesia. Paper ini menjelaskan beberapa saran penulis untuk para kompetitor jika ingin menyusul Tokopedia di bisnis eCommerce ini.

Kemajuan dan pesatnya perkembangan teknologi telah membawa banyak perubahan di dalam peradaban manusia. Penggunaan teknologi telah masuk ke semua sektor usaha baik sosial, pendidikan, ekonomi, pertahanan, pangan dll. Saat ini telah banyak perusahaan startup yang berkembang di Indonesia. Perkembangan valuasi startup dinilai sangat baik yang menghasilkan perusahaan perusahaan unicorn. Perusahaan unicorn adalah sebutan bagi perusahaan startup yang memiliki valuasi minimal 1 miliar Dolar AS atau setara Rp14 triliun (asumsi US$=Rp.14.000). Istilah ini pertama kali dipopulerkan oleh seorang investor ventura, Aileen Lee pada 2013. Saat itu, kata dia, hanya 0,07 persen startup yang bisa menembus valuasi 1 miliar Dolar AS. Lima tahun kemudian, banyak startup yang menjelma menjadi unicorn. Bahkan, startup seperti Facebook sudah berbeda kasta dengan gelar hectacorn karena valuasinya sudah di atas 100 miliar dolar AS, tepatnya saat ini 416 miliar dolar AS. Pada makalah ini penulis akan membahas perkembangan perusahaan unicorn di Indonesia yaitu Gojek,Tokopedia,Traveloka dan Bukalapak. Penulis juga akan membahas tantangan dan peluang perusahaan unicorn dengan sektor perbankan di Indonesia

Even if it played a part, it is not so much the lesser availability of elephant ivory as the Norse expansion in the Northern Atlantic that brought the success of walrus ivory throughout Western Europe and
far beyond. The strength of demand did not only bring the extinction of the species in Iceland, but it was also, most probably, one of the main drivers of the sustained Norse settlement of Greenland. Maybe for the first time, at least for such an important luxury production, the division between the places the commodity was gathered and those it was processed is complete. The main workshops were in Norway, mostly in Trondheim, but also in Germany, in England, long after the end of the
Danelaw, and even in France and in Castila. Raw tusks were traded, but also carved ivories, which sometimes went back to the initial collection point. Another ivory exported from the Arctic seas, narwhal teeth are even more problematic. The Greenland Norse probably never were in contact with the live sea mammal, but would find its inidentifiable body, or fragments of it, on the shore, after the animals had been eaten by killer whales.

La farmacopea novohispana identificaba al cuerno de unicornio como materia lapidosa de difícil acceso. Esta conceptualización se hereda de los postulados médicos medievales, los cuales no hallaban mejor remedio contra el envenenamiento y síntomas terminales afines. Hacia finales del siglo XVI, el boticario Francisco Vélez de Arciniega, en su Libro de los quadrupedes y serpientes terrestres recebidos en el uso de medicina, recogió de manera erudita y ecléctica esta tradición, que en la Nueva España se enriqueció con la materia médica americana y el imaginario que despertó una serie de sustancias sin precedente alguno. En este contexto, veremos que sólo determinados tratados médicos novohispanos recomendarán el cuerno de unicornio: los relacionados con tiempos benignos, con una intención filosófica-política en beneficio de la República (Problemas y secretos maravillosos de la Indias, 1591); en una obra cuasi enciclopédica y heredera del galenismo arabizado (Verdadera medicina, cirugía y astrología, 1607); y textos médicos intervenidos y anotados (Tesoro de medicinas, 1674). Finalmente, la posesión del libro de Arciniega en el Convento Grande de San Francisco de la Ciudad de México demuestra que la idea del cuerno de unicornio fue importada y que formaba parte de una filosofía natural aristotélica, que seguirá presente en autores posteriores: en una obra franciscana que destaca el beneficio de otros simples lapidosos oriundos de la Nueva España (Teatro mexicano, 1698); en una obra médica jesuita del XVIII (Florilegio medicinal, 1712) que continuará la leyenda del unicornio. E incluso, formará parte de la lista de medicamentos de las boticas de hospitales novohispanos (1798-1808).

Il tempo delle fenici e degli unicorni è il tempo speso da Giulia Farnese a Carbognano, in provincia di Viterbo, orientativamente dal 1505 fino alla fine della sua vita, nel 1524. Dopo gli anni che l’hanno vista essere la giovane moglie di Orsino Orsini, l’influente concubina di papa Alessandro VI Borgia o la chiacchierata sorella del cardinal Alessandro, futuro Paolo III, Giulia è finalmente la signora del suo castello e del vetusto borgo. Risposatasi nel 1509 col nobile napoletano Giovanni Maria Capece Bozzuto, Giulia a Carbognano è libera e padrona del suo tempo, un tempo che torna ad essere quello fantastico e sospeso delle fenici e degli unicorni di cui riempie la sua casa. La fenice è l’uccello della rinascita, l’unicorno rappresenta la purezza. Attraverso loro Giulia dimostra agli illustri ospiti del suo castello che la sua vita è cambiata, che un processo di purificazione sta per compiersi o si è compiuto grazie alle ardenti fiamme del fuoco della fenice, le quali permettono alla donna di essere oramai avvicinata dall’unicorno. Insieme a questi animali da bestiario e a una foresta di simboli, nella quale sfilano ermellini, tartarughe, struzzi e falchi, compaiono nel ciclo anche gli stemmi araldici della sua dinastia (da quello del fondatore Ranuccio a quelli dell’amatissimo fratello Alessandro, fino ai matrimoni più recenti della famiglia), attraverso i quali si mettono in scena la storia e i successi dei membri della propria stirpe, ma anche le attese per futuri e migliori raggiungimenti. Sicura di sé, Giulia lascia nelle decorazioni delle sue stanze un’impronta della sua nuova vita a Carbognano. Il ciclo del castello è un singolare e finora poco studiato caso di committenza, promosso da una donna laica del Rinascimento.

In the Yuan era, the Confucian elites got a popular legend about the Unicom (Jiaoduan角端), Yelü Chucai and Genghis Khan. It was about Genghis Khan met a mythical Unicorn during the 1st West Campaign (invasion of Central Asia). That Unicorn could speak. The core of the legend was then Yelü Chucai explained and asked Genghis Khan to stop the war, and therefore Genghis Khan retreated. This article is not to find out which animal was the so-called Unicorn they met. There was another version of this legend in the late Yuan era which had not been mentioned before. The actors of this version became Kublai Khan and Liu Bingzhong but the core part did not change, i.e., met Unicorn and then retreat. This article makes use of the rumor theory to investigate this legend and its changing. The main idea of the legend indeed reflects the common thought of the Confucian elites – they dislike the warlike policies of the Mongol rulers.

元代儒士階層流傳當初成吉思汗西征遇見角端一事。主角不是成吉思汗，而是耶律楚材勸成吉思汗退兵。這傳說更寫進了正史《元史․耶律楚材傳》。歷來元史學人對這段神話都極有興趣，研究成吉思汗退出印度跟耶律楚材的關係，甚至研究這傳說的角端是某種鹿科動物。然而，這個角端傳說卻有一個鮮為人知的版本，元末熊太古《背越集記》收錄的角端傳說，其主角不是耶律楚材與成吉思汗，卻變成了劉秉忠與忽必烈。人物完全改變，但角端勸退兵仍舊不變。這種改變不是孤例。陳學霖《劉伯溫與哪吒城──北京城的傳說》一書研究明代人「劉伯溫建北京城」的傳說，證明了其原形就是元朝「劉秉忠建大都城」。耶律楚材變為劉秉忠，一如劉秉忠變成劉伯溫。陳學霖運用了社會學的理論──上層社會的大傳統與低下階層的小傳統，指出「劉伯溫建北京城」是低下階層的流行傳說，跟知識份子史書記載的史實自是不相同。同樣道理，角端神話從耶律楚材變為劉秉忠，也該是民間創作。本文卻從另一方面談討這問題，運用社會學家的「謠言」(rumor) 理論，分析傳說創作背後的心理狀態；並進一步指出，耶律楚材與角端勸退兵，不是史實，只是元代漢人儒生階層的傳說，側面反映儒生厭倦蒙古統治者好戰的習性。

Alexander the Great was one of the most significant historical personalities over the medieval centuries. By default, his faithful and companion of adventures steed, called Bucephalus, also was. In this article we introduce into the transformation made by the art of the miniature in the aesthetic representation of this horse, changing from a horse with great peculiarities (in what concerns its savagery and its unorthodox). In this article, we have focused exclusively on the phenomenon of Bucephalus-unicorn, being this one a representation full of a strong chivalric symbolism, and after which different analogies and aesthetic projections came.

Narcissus, and other tales, have been abundantly used in concretistic types of psychological interpretation. The article shows that they ought to be viewed in abstract terms as portraying processes in the individual and collective psyche. The examined stories depict the mystery of incarnation, symbolic of the emancipative effect of conscious realization. The gender of the god is discussed, and it is argued that the dominance of the masculine divinity depends on natural processes of conscious enhancement.

Keywords: archetype, Princess Cottongrass, Coyote Blue, Narcissus, Unicorn, Christ, Lucifer, Oedipus.

Technology entrepreneurship plays a dominant role in the economy and development of the country, especially in this period of increasing competition and globalization. Related developments contribute significantly to the country’s welfare and development level traditional commercial and craft habits have been transformed through technological advances. Developing countries attach importance to strong technology-based sectors to sustain growth and create employment for young people. For this reason, country ministers determine technology entrepreneurship as the primary target and strategy. Turkey, with 754 billion dollars, is the world’s 19th largest economy by GDP. Currently, the state of technological entrepreneurship in Turkey comprises 60% of the country’s economy (as created by the private sector) and will be examined within our study. In addition, whether this entrepreneurship has access to sufficient financial resources and the changes and innovations made in this field within other countries will also be compared.

In this article the authors analyse the reform of listing rules in China and the operating mechanism of the new Chinese Depositary Receipts (CDRs). Most technology giants in mainland China, such as Alibaba, Tencent, Baidu, JD and NetEase have listed their shares on overseas stock markets such as Hong Kong and New York, in order to avoid China’s rigid and onerous listing rules concerning foreign ownership, variable interest entities, weighted voting rights and the strict profitability requirement. Recently, the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) has launched a pilot project to allow certain foreign-listed Chinese companies to issue CDRs which can be traded in the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges. Technically speaking, CDRs are not shares but they represent equity interests in foreign companies through an offshore custodian bank. Clearly, the popularisation of CDRs will benefit several parties. Chinese investors will be able to purchase interests in some of the top tech companies in the world. It will also lure international capital to the Chinese market and boost the valuation of issuing companies. The market scale of CDRs is estimated to be over $1 trillion, which will be a source of income for investment banks and international law firms.

Вестник РГГУ. Серия: История. Филология. Культурология. Востоковедение. 2015. № 9 (152). С. 90-96.

Статья посвящена истории деятельности Аптекарского приказа (медицинского ведомства XVII в.), которая нашла отражение в сохранившемся фрагменте архива Аптекарского приказа. Рассматриваются темы, обнаруживаемые в этом источнике: покупка рогов единорога и снабжение Аптекарского приказа различными лекарствами.
Ключевые слова: источниковедение, история медицины, история фармации, Аптекарский приказ, XVII в., рог единорога, массовые источники, приказное делопроизводство.
Key Words: history of pharmacy, medical history, source study, horn of the unicorn, Apothecary Chancery

Can the one-horned animals described by authors such as Ctesias, Megasthenes, Aristotle or Pliny be considered forbears of the Medieval and post-modern Unicornis? In a way, some of the generic species of Greco-roman lore can be undoubtedly thought of as prototypes of the current representation of the animal. However, a deep analysis of the zoological knowledge of the ancients shows several frictions and breakpoints between the classical era and late-ancient and medieval Christianity as well as contemporary pop culture.

Chased by a Unicorn. Re-Studying and De-Coding the Parable of the Futile Life in the Novel Barlaam and Josaphat(Medieval Greek Version)

The parable of the Futile Life, which is an excerpt of the medieval, multilingual novel Barlaam and Josaphat, conceals a unique interpretative approach, in terms of symbolism, of an ancient and intercultural mythological symbol, that of the unicorn. From a first examination of the cultural environment – textual and iconographical – of the unicorn’s appearance, it would seem that the symbolic substance of this animal motif was imbued with the notions of the high virtues of the Christian ideological system (e.g. virginity, purity, salvation). However, the parabolic narrative of the Futile Life reveals another aspect. This is the aspect of the inward cruel power that drives a man to the wrong choice, preventing him from finding the proper spiritual way out to save himself after his physical death in the vanity world in which he lives transiently. Probably, the beauty of a unicorn now symbolizes something not so pure. Indeed, the story of the Futile Life is transformed into one of the most common iconographic themes in monumental Christian painting, and, at the same time, it raises reasonable concerns while seeking adequate explanations. So, through a list of relevant examples of monumental and miniature art, we will look for the beginnings of the two aspects of this ancient symbol, with an emphasis on the parable under examination, offering a new perspective on the semiotic analysis of Antiquity during the Middle Ages.


Perseguido por um Unicórnio. Re-Vendoe Des-Codificandoa Parábola da Vida Fútil no Romance Barlaão e Josafat(Versão Grega Medieval)

A parábola da Vida Fútil, que constitui uma parte do romance medieval multilíngue Barlaão e Josafat, esconde uma abordagem interpretativa única, em termos de simbolismo, de um símbolo mitológico antigo e intercultural, o do unicórnio. Um primeiro exame do ambiente cultural – textual e iconográfico – da aparência do unicórnio dá a entender que a substância simbólica deste motivo animal terá sido imbuída de noções decorrentes das altas virtudes do sistema ideológico cristão (por exemplo, virgindade, pureza e salvação). No entanto, a narrativa parabólica da Vida Fútil revela outro aspecto. Trata-se do poder interior cruel que leva o homem à escolha errada, impedindo-o de encontrar o caminho espiritual adequado para salvar-se após a sua morte física no mundo de vaidade em que vive temporariamente. Provavelmente, a beleza do unicórnio simboliza agora algo que já não é tão puro. Na verdade, a história da Vida Fútil tornou-se num dos temas iconográficos mais comuns da pintura cristã monumental, incluindo a presença do unicórnio, o que levanta, ao mesmo tempo, preocupações razoáveis e a necessidade de explicações adequadas. Assim, através de uma lista de exemplos relevantes de arte monumental e em miniatura, procuraremos identificar o início dos dois aspectos deste antigo símbolo, com ênfase para a parábola estudada, oferecendo uma nova perspetiva sobre a análise semiótica da Antiguidade durante a Idade Média.

Orfanidis, G. (2021). Chased by a Unicorn. Re-Studying and De-Coding the Parable of the Futile Life in the Novel Barlaam and Josaphat (Medieval Greek Edition). Medievalista, 29(1), 183-209.

https://journals.openedition.org/medievalista.

Find it also in the following digital libraries:

Dar Al Kutub’s (National Library), United Arab Emirates – well known as "Maktaba", which belongs to the Department (Ministry) of Culture and Tourism - Abu Dhabi.
https://library.dctabudhabi.ae/

Find it also in the following digital libraries:

Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
https://library.stanford.edu/

Portal Dominicano de Información Científica, Tecnológica, Humanística y Social, República Dominicana.
https://infocyt.do/

Animal originaire d’Afrique du nord, atypique sous nos latitudes, la genette européenne (Genetta genetta) est très singulière tant par sa physionomie (tête fuselée, oreilles de renard, taches de panthère et longue queue annelée de lémurien) que par sa discrétion. Alors qu’elle a été représentée notamment sur deux des tentures de la Dame à la Licorne et que sa fourrure était très prisée tout au long des xve et xvie siècles, il faut se rendre à l’évidence : elle est absente des bestiaires médiévaux. La genette est-elle pour autant dénuée de toute signification symbolique dans la société médiévale ? Dans cet article nous nous proposons de présenter les résultats de notre recherche de doctorat qui a mobilisé notamment quelques sources textuelles, mais surtout des sources iconographiques variées telles qu’enluminures de manuscrits, tapisseries, vitraux et estampes.

The unicorn is a ubiquitous figure redolent with symbolic meaning in the visual culture of the high and late Middle Ages. It is primarily a symbol of Christ in bestiaries and the Physiologus tradition, the hunt for the unicorn is an allegory of the Passion, but scenes of the unicorn near fountains or water sources suggest the latemedieval perception of the horn as a panacea. Beyond this, the one-horned creature represents courtly love as the poet-lover falls prey to the beautiful virgin. Because of this variety, unicorns also populate the genre of emblems1 - an allegorical mode of representation derived from medieval bestiaries consisting of three parts: title, image, and motto. While scholars have shown the significance2 of unicorns in a range of literary and visual arts,3 little scholarship has examined unicorn iconography in early emblem books of 1540s Europe nor has there been much formal analysis of emblem images combined with literary analysis of the accompanying text in emble...

Le teorie del complotto non sono sempre facilmente distinguibili dalle interpretazioni fondate; la distinzione infatti riposa spesso non su eclatanti dati oggettivi (la terra non è piatta, le riprove ne sono abbondanti) ma su complessi accumuli di osservazioni, dati, e interpretazioni (i vaccini riducono la contagiosità, ma lo si dimostra più che altro induttivamente lungo archi temporali di vasta durata). Le teorie del complotto, però, si contraddistinguono in maniera più marcata per un certo stile semiotico, ovvero per la maniera con cui enucleano segni nel reale, li considerano come forieri di senso, attribuiscono loro un significato preciso, e li collegano con altri segni. L'articolo cerca di caratterizzare in maniera dettagliata questo stile semiotico, distinguendo fra segni, parasegni, e pseudosegni del complotto.

As many have pointed out, the cognitive type of the unicorn, later on spread like wildfire in western culture, has one of its prototypes in Ctesias' Indian ass, described for the very first time in his Indika (FGrHist 688 F 45, 45 and 45q = Ael. NA IV 52). Over the last two centuries, several scholars have raised questions on the real extra-linguisitc referent: what had the Physician of Cnidus really talked about in his account? An Indian rhino? A bull? An antelope? Or was it a fake, good to implement his ethnographic fiction on the extreme peripheries of Persian empire? Whatever Ctesias' Indian ass was, Aristotle (HA 499 b 15-31) shows no hesitation in believing in its effective existence, and accepts it as a part of the animal kingdom. This happens because some of the zoological features of the paradoxical beast are not so incompatible with the etiological system developed in De partibus animalium.

Comparative study between Avalovara (1973), by Osman Lins and Lewis Carroll’s, Alice's adventures in Wonderland (1865) and Through the looking-glass and what Alice found there (1871) with emphasis not necessarily on explicit intertextual aspects, but full of symbolic properties that typifies the narratives. The theoretical contribution about the Comparative Literature and Intertextuality are based on texts by Tania Carvalhal, Antoine Compagnon, Tiphaine Samoyault, Michel Schneider, Sandra Nitrini and Mikhail Bakhtin. Extensive study on literary criticism about Osman Lins and Lewis Carroll’s works especially through texts dealing with the thesis corpus main three works. Carlo Ginzburg’s Indiciary Paradigm is used through the way literary data are observed and analyzed. Matching symbols that appear in the works of the two authors are also analyzed, such as Unicorn, Griffin, dreams, in addition to contrast of characters ö and Alice. Investigation study on mirroring and its meanings of inversion, reflection and mise-en-abyme, the latter from the work The Mirror in the Text, of Lucien Dällenbach; and also the image of the crossing, which represents Alice's work by the figure of the mirror through which the girl go through reaching another space and, in Lins novel is manifested by the use of real or fantastic thresholds as the door, carpet, and metaphors about the crossing itself, including the idea of Intertextuality as representation of a text by another in metaphorical illustration of intertextual exercise. Brief analysis of space building in order to probe the use of unusual as manifestation of literary fantastic category, with contribution on works of Umberto Eco, Tzevtan Todorov, Mircea Eliade and others.
Keywords: Avalovara, Alices, textual symbols, mirroring, mise-en-abyme, crossing.

This paper argues that an unusual line in a relief sculpture does not belong to the horn of a unicorn, otherwise unattested in contemporary imagery, but is a drafting line and as such rare evidence of sculpting processes, further systematic study of which could provide insights into the formation of varied visual cultures in their historical, economic and geographic frameworks.

The unicorn, the existence of which was not challenged, is a animal with rich meanings, and very present in the minds of the Middle Ages (Michel Pastoureau and Elisabeth Delehaye, Secrets of the Unicorn, Paris: Editions de la Réunion des Musées Nationaux, 2013, 142 pp., € 29.). The article examines the image from a small devotional book, composed in northern France in 1300, known as the Rothschild Canticles (ou Cantiques Rothschild, in French). The image is in two tables and presents the capture of a unicorn. A miniature of the Ci nous dit (XIV century) is employed to better understand this picture.

A component of early modern representation but also knowledge organization were art and curiosity chambers. This essay examines the origins, order, and function of three exemplary "Nordic" objects - Sami magic drums, supposed unicorn horns, and the rostrum of the saw-ox - that were widely used in Kunstkammern. The focus is on the collections of the Scandinavian monarchies, especially Denmark, the collection of Ole Worm and the art collection of the Saxon electors in Dresden.
The essay serves as an in-depth companion to the digital exhibition "Musea Borealia" (https://museaborealia.cargo.site).

Ein Wiesbadener Eishersteller wirbt damit, dass seine Produkte nicht an Einhörnern getestet wurden. An der Wahrheit dieser Aussage dürften keine ernsthaften Zweifel bestehen. Und doch verschweigt der Hinweis auf die Einhornfreundlichkeit der Eiscreme eine Information, die möglicherweise für den europäischen Verbraucherschutz von Bedeutung ist.

La web3 posibilita la descentralización de operaciones por lo que se generarían transacciones entre particulares o entes económicos sin cargas de información innecesarias, procesos, procedimientos, políticas o intereses ajenos a la transacción pura de un préstamo.

The rapid population growth of Jakarta to further improve urban mobility problems. The imbalance between public infrastructures provided by the number of people who need it led to a lack of municipal services. Transportation Online has become one transportation solutions, present in transportation needs cheap, efficient, and fast. Even amid the busy road, using motor transportation would be faster. This study aims to develop a model that connects between the independent variables namely; Online Marketing (X1), Brand Awareness (X2) with the dependent variable is the Decision of Repurchase (Y2) and Customer Satisfaction (Y1). This research was conducted in East Jakarta. The research method used was surveyed. The population in this study is the user Transportation Online East Jakarta area. The sampling technique used in this study is incidental sampling. These results indicate that the two independent variables, namely Marketing Online (X1) and Brand Awareness (X2) effect on Repurchase Decision variable (Y2) and Customer Satisfaction (Y1). From the test results simultaneously obtained that Online Marketing and Brand Awareness jointly influence decisions repurchase mediated by customer satisfaction Transportation Online service users, means the better online marketing and brand awareness of the company, the higher the repurchase decisions and customer satisfaction.