Toll-Like Receptor Function in Acute Wounds
Publication: Advances in Wound Care
Volume 6, Issue Number 10
Abstract
Significance: Inflammation is an integral part of immune response and supports optimal wound healing in adults. Inflammatory cells such as neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, lymphocytes, and mast cells produce important cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. These immune cells interact with keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells (ECs), as well as the extracellular matrix within a complicated network that promotes and regulates wound healing. Aberrant and persistent inflammation may result in delayed wound healing, scar formation, or chronic wounds. Targeting the molecules involved in the inflammatory response may have great potential therapeutic value.
Recent Advances and Critical Issues: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns from microbes or danger-associated molecular patterns from damaged cells. The discovery of TLRs sheds new light on the mechanism by which the inflammatory or innate immune response is initiated in wound healing. Convincing evidence now shows that multiple types of cells, including infiltrating or resident inflammatory cells, keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and ECs, express specific types of TLRs. Experimental reduction of certain TLRs or treatment of wounds with TLR ligands has been shown to affect wound healing. A better understanding of the involvement of TLRs in the innate immune response during skin wound healing may suggest novel strategies to improve the quality of tissue repair.
Future Directions: Despite the indisputable role of TLRs in regulating the immune response in acute wound healing, the functions of TLRs that are relevant to human wound healing and chronic wounds are poorly understood.
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About the Authors
Lin Chen, MD, PhD, is a Research Associate Professor at the Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Dentistry. Dr. Chen's research interests are inflammation and innate immunity in wound healing. Luisa A. DiPietro, DDS, PhD, is a Professor and the Director of the Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration at the University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Dentistry. Research in the DiPietro laboratory focuses on how wounds heal, with the ultimate goal of developing therapies that will allow humans to regenerate perfect tissue after an injury.
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Published In
Advances in Wound Care
Volume 6 • Issue Number 10 • October 2017
Pages: 344 - 355
Copyright
Copyright 2017, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
History
Published in print: October 2017
Published online: 1 October 2017
Published ahead of print: 17 May 2017
Accepted: 10 April 2017
Received: 22 February 2017
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