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Der Kampf um Inklusion: Das Patriarchat konfrontiert Frauen und die LGBTQ+ Gemeinschaft

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Politischer Kampf in Lateinamerika

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Zusammenfassung

Frauen und die LGBTQ+ Gemeinschaft stehen in ihrem politischen Kampf einem gemeinsamen Feind gegenüber. Das Patriarchat hat beide lange ausgeschlossen, Frauen in untergeordnete Positionen gestellt und LGBTQ+ Personen als Abweichler definiert. Beide haben zwei Phasen durchlaufen, die erste ist durch den Versuch definiert, ihre Interessen und Werte als relevant anerkannt zu bekommen, und die zweite ist durch einen Kampf um Rechte und Privilegien definiert, der zunehmend in traditionellen politischen Kanälen wie Gesetzgebung und Gerichten stattfindet. Dieses Kapitel untersucht die historische Bewegung jeder Gruppe durch diese Phasen. Religiöse und patriarchalische Normen, wirtschaftliche Veränderungen, politische Reformen und transnationale Bewegungen erwiesen sich als entscheidend für die Auseinandersetzungen über die Regulierung von sexuellen Identitäten und Verhaltensweisen. Obwohl Frauen und die LGBTQ+ Gemeinschaft in den letzten Jahrzehnten erhebliche Fortschritte erzielt haben, sehen sie sich nun einer Gegenreaktion gegenüber, die von konservativen Sektoren, der katholischen Kirche und dem evangelischen Protestantismus angeführt wird. Dennoch spaltet sich die Region insgesamt zunehmend, da einige Länder Fortschritte bei reproduktiven Rechten und Fragen der Geschlechtsidentität sehen, während andere Rückschläge erleiden.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Siehe die Sammlung von Studien in der September-Ausgabe 1985 des Journal of Family History 10:3, einer Sonderausgabe, die der Familie und Gesellschaft im 19. Jahrhundert in Lateinamerika gewidmet ist.

  2. 2.

    Informationen über Frauenfraktionen finden Sie auf der Website der Interparlamentarischen Union unter www.data.ipu.org.

  3. 3.

    Die reproduktive Gesundheit wird durch die Müttersterblichkeitsrate und die Geburtenrate bei Jugendlichen gemessen, die Ermächtigung wird durch den Anteil der von Frauen besetzten Parlamentssitze und den Anteil der erwachsenen Frauen und Männer ab 25 Jahren mit mindestens sekundärer Bildung gemessen, und der wirtschaftliche Status wird durch die Erwerbsbeteiligungsrate der weiblichen und männlichen Bevölkerung ab 15 Jahren gemessen.

  4. 4.

    Lateinamerikanische Länder waren bei dem Versuch, gleichgeschlechtliches Verhalten zu „medikalisieren“, keineswegs allein. Die American Psychiatry Association führte „Homosexualität“ bis 1973 als psychische Störung auf.

  5. 5.

    Der LGBTI+ Travel Safety Index bewertet Länder nach Gesetzgebung für gleichgeschlechtliche Ehe, Arbeitnehmerschutz, Anti-Diskriminierung, Anti-Hass-Gesetze, Adoption, rechtliche Identität von Transgender, sowie Gesetzgebung, die ausdrücklich gleichgeschlechtliche Beziehungen bestraft und ‘Moralgesetze’, die die Diskussion von pro-LGBTQ+ Themen verbieten. Er beinhaltet auch und gibt Umfragedaten ein größeres Gewicht. Siehe www.asherfergusson.com/lgbtq-travel-safety.

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    Craig L. Arceneaux

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Arceneaux, C.L. (2024). Der Kampf um Inklusion: Das Patriarchat konfrontiert Frauen und die LGBTQ+ Gemeinschaft. In: Politischer Kampf in Lateinamerika. Springer VS, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44681-8_4

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