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First published online September 9, 2010

Whence Differences in Value Priorities?: Individual, Cultural, or Artifactual Sources

Ronald Fischer [email protected] and Shalom SchwartzView all authors and affiliations
Volume 42, Issue 7
https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022110381429

Abstract

To what extent do value priorities vary across countries and to what extent do individuals within countries share values? We address these questions using three sets of data that each measure values differently: the Schwartz Value Survey for student and teacher samples in 67 countries (N = 41,968), the Portrait Values Questionnaire for representative samples from 19 European countries (N = 42,359), and the World Value Survey for representative samples from 62 countries (N = 84,887). Analyses reveal more consensus than disagreement on value priorities across countries, refuting strong claims that culture determines values. Values associated with autonomy, relatedness, and competence show a universal pattern of high importance and high consensus. Only conformity values show patterns suggesting they are good candidates for measuring culture as shared meaning systems. We rule out reference-group and response style effects as alternative explanations for the results and discuss their implications for value theory, cross-cultural research, and value-based intergroup conflict.

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Published In

Volume 42, Issue 7
Pages: 1127 - 1144
Article first published online: September 9, 2010
Issue published: October 2011

Keywords

  1. values
  2. culture
  3. cultural differences
  4. reference group effects
  5. unpackaging culture
  6. intraclass correlation
  7. agreement

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Authors

Affiliations

Ronald Fischer
Centre for Applied Cross-Cultural Research and Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
[email protected]
View all articles by this author
Shalom Schwartz
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Notes

Ronald Fischer, School of Psychology, Victoria University Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand. Email: [email protected]

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