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Research article
First published online February 12, 2017

Mean Profiles of the NEO Personality Inventory

Jüri Allik [email protected], A. Timothy Church, Fernando A. Ortiz, Jérôme Rossier, Martina Hřebíčková, Filip de Fruyt, Anu Realo, and Robert R. McCraeView all authors and affiliations
Volume 48, Issue 3
https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022117692100

Abstract

The Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and its latest version, the NEO-PI-3, were designed to measure 30 distinctive personality traits, which are grouped into Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness domains. The mean self-rated NEO-PI-R scores for 30 subscales have been reported for 36 countries or cultures in 2002. As a follow-up, this study reports the mean scores of the NEO-PI-R/3 for 71,870 participants from 76 samples and 62 different countries or cultures and 37 different languages. Mean differences in personality traits across countries and cultures were about 8.5 times smaller than differences between any two individuals randomly selected from these samples. Nevertheless, a multidimensional scaling of similarities and differences in the mean profile shape showed a clear clustering into distinctive groups of countries or cultures. This study provides further evidence that country/culture mean scores in personality are replicable and can provide reliable information about personality dispositions.

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Appendices

Appendix The Mean Normalized NEO-PI-R/3 Scores for 76 Samples.
CODE N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 O1 O2 O3 O4 O5 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 N E O A C
AUT 52.5 51.6 50.7 51.8 50.7 53.4 48.9 52.2 48.5 49.2 44.1 53.0 58.1 58.0 55.8 54.1 54.0 46.0 43.0 45.6 46.3 46.4 53.8 47.2 47.4 46.7 49.4 43.7 47.6 52.9 48.4 59.1 48.2 46.7
BEL(F) 52.4 50.6 54.9 50.8 51.0 53.0 43.3 52.7 46.7 48.8 47.9 50.5 52.8 52.8 50.2 49.3 48.6 47.7 48.9 44.7 46.4 53.6 53.8 43.8 47.2 48.7 48.5 46.1 49.1 53.0 47.7 51.8 50.0 46.6
CAN 50.4 49.4 50.5 50.8 50.7 48.9 50.4 50.2 49.7 51.3 51.3 52.5 52.0 51.6 51.9 49.5 50.4 51.6 52.4 53.7 50.1 48.9 52.5 50.7 49.3 49.8 47.5 48.3 50.8 50.5 51.7 51.6 51.9 49.2
CHN 49.7 54.1 54.0 54.9 47.2 56.3 45.7 53.2 46.4 49.3 46.8 45.3 45.8 53.6 44.7 43.1 47.6 50.0 48.4 41.7 40.9 47.2 54.2 44.0 47.7 50.5 49.7 47.2 57.2 53.1 44.5 48.3 47.8 50.3
CRO 50.5 52.2 52.1 51.8 46.7 50.5 43.0 49.6 45.3 51.7 44.7 48.0 48.9 53.2 47.7 44.5 49.7 45.5 46.2 47.6 47.0 48.5 50.6 47.6 50.2 51.5 54.6 48.5 51.8 52.8 45.1 49.0 47.5 53.2
CZE 51.1 51.3 51.9 49.0 52.0 59.9 50.5 48.3 47.9 47.8 42.4 52.3 52.4 52.0 51.6 53.7 49.8 41.0 51.7 48.3 48.1 51.0 50.1 40.3 47.7 50.1 49.7 45.2 49.8 54.2 47.4 52.3 50.7 47.5
DNK 46.4 44.9 49.2 48.4 49.8 47.6 49.5 55.9 48.0 56.8 47.1 52.2 47.6 46.8 47.4 51.5 46.4 54.2 52.7 48.6 50.6 51.2 51.5 48.2 48.7 50.6 48.5 49.4 48.5 46.5 52.8 46.5 52.0 47.5
EST 49.0 45.7 49.9 48.7 50.1 44.8 49.1 48.0 51.5 52.0 50.3 51.3 54.4 53.4 53.9 49.3 50.1 52.1 46.8 45.0 46.9 55.3 56.6 44.6 50.3 52.4 50.2 49.6 50.6 49.7 49.9 52.6 50.8 49.6
FRA 55.1 51.2 54.6 52.1 51.9 53.7 48.1 49.2 46.7 50.5 45.4 49.0 54.1 52.7 50.9 53.8 52.7 43.0 50.1 48.9 49.8 55.4 54.7 42.1 48.3 49.2 48.2 44.7 48.0 55.4 47.3 54.1 52.1 47.4
DEU 51.6 50.8 51.3 52.4 50.7 54.1 47.2 51.1 48.4 49.9 41.5 51.4 54.7 56.9 54.3 54.9 50.9 46.2 44.8 44.7 48.1 46.7 54.1 45.3 48.7 46.7 48.2 44.6 47.0 52.8 47.3 56.7 49.1 46.7
HKG 53.1 48.4 52.8 55.2 46.0 59.2 45.0 43.7 43.9 45.5 36.5 40.1 45.6 52.1 43.6 47.0 46.6 48.6 55.4 40.7 57.4 48.1 52.4 40.3 48.6 48.6 48.7 48.7 53.4 53.3 37.6 49.2 54.6 49.2
HUN 49.8 50.6 53.7 51.1 50.4 53.9 46.2 50.2 47.4 51.0 48.6 49.1 53.3 56.4 53.4 48.9 52.6 45.6 47.0 48.4 47.2 49.3 47.0 42.5 51.8 51.2 50.3 45.8 49.5 53.8 47.1 53.7 47.9 50.0
IND(M) 48.9 44.9 49.3 48.1 39.1 47.2 44.7 47.1 43.1 46.8 37.0 50.5 40.8 57.9 47.4 48.9 53.2 54.7 56.7 47.1 54.2 47.7 56.2 47.7 55.5 54.0 55.0 48.8 55.1 49.1 40.7 51.4 56.7 55.7
IND(T) 47.9 50.7 55.2 50.9 40.8 53.8 45.9 50.0 41.8 48.8 48.4 44.4 34.6 54.0 40.9 44.5 50.9 51.6 54.5 47.1 53.9 52.2 60.5 43.8 52.7 52.2 53.6 49.0 56.6 52.3 43.5 44.0 55.9 54.0
IDN 48.3 45.2 49.2 49.1 45.5 52.6 46.6 48.8 46.8 46.6 45.0 47.6 46.5 53.9 45.8 51.2 49.6 52.2 52.1 44.8 52.3 50.7 46.3 42.0 52.1 49.2 54.3 45.9 56.4 48.6 43.3 49.9 51.9 50.3
ITA 55.1 53.8 53.8 50.1 52.4 55.4 47.6 50.8 48.2 52.6 44.3 46.8 54.1 56.4 49.8 49.9 49.2 44.6 52.9 48.1 43.6 49.8 48.9 44.1 45.0 51.3 49.3 48.2 51.9 55.6 46.6 52.6 48.9 50.4
JPN 56.0 52.4 56.7 53.5 52.3 62.6 41.3 47.2 45.3 45.4 44.5 46.0 52.2 52.6 48.4 51.2 49.2 47.9 49.7 35.9 51.2 46.4 44.7 34.9 45.6 43.2 45.9 39.8 48.0 55.3 41.7 51.7 47.7 42.6
KOR1 53.1 50.0 54.6 56.7 45.9 57.3 41.3 48.5 46.0 45.6 40.3 43.0 48.4 52.9 46.5 47.3 48.7 51.2 52.1 43.2 50.4 46.7 53.3 42.1 47.6 52.8 47.9 44.9 52.5 53.6 40.0 51.4 52.3 48.8
MYS 52.3 46.4 53.0 57.6 46.0 51.5 45.1 45.9 46.9 45.1 38.6 47.8 42.2 49.3 43.8 52.1 49.9 51.1 54.6 46.5 57.4 53.0 64.6 44.9 56.3 53.2 55.0 44.5 56.9 54.2 42.5 46.6 58.5 54.2
NLD 48.5 45.5 50.9 47.9 48.6 48.2 43.9 49.3 46.9 47.6 40.1 49.3 51.4 54.1 50.5 54.2 51.0 51.5 51.9 45.5 51.5 54.0 57.9 45.6 48.7 52.5 49.6 50.0 51.2 48.6 43.9 55.7 54.6 48.6
NOR 47.3 46.5 49.6 47.7 54.7 47.7 47.5 56.6 50.7 53.1 50.7 54.4 52.9 50.7 50.1 53.2 49.6 51.5 50.1 48.6 48.5 49.7 52.8 47.8 48.2 49.0 48.8 45.8 48.6 47.4 53.6 51.5 49.9 45.7
PER 53.5 47.7 51.5 49.5 48.9 52.8 45.0 48.7 49.6 46.7 45.8 48.7 50.6 52.3 45.4 47.0 49.6 45.5 48.1 45.4 49.6 46.0 51.9 47.8 46.5 49.4 53.1 44.8 50.9 50.8 45.5 50.0 48.6 49.0
PHL 50.4 47.4 51.4 53.4 46.7 51.7 45.8 48.7 49.6 45.7 44.3 48.0 46.0 54.8 46.4 51.5 52.3 49.5 50.4 46.9 54.9 49.7 53.6 47.1 50.7 49.0 52.4 49.4 54.7 50.8 43.8 51.8 52.9 51.5
PRT 56.9 51.0 54.5 52.8 49.8 54.8 47.2 48.8 45.7 47.3 50.0 46.0 49.1 54.0 47.4 51.1 47.6 46.1 47.1 45.6 52.3 52.9 52.9 44.9 50.8 50.2 51.7 46.4 51.4 55.5 46.3 49.2 51.2 50.3
RUS 51.7 51.8 54.1 54.0 49.5 58.6 45.9 48.8 47.6 48.0 46.4 47.2 49.8 53.6 47.4 50.6 46.8 47.0 43.2 41.3 46.9 49.6 46.0 40.6 50.2 46.0 46.8 43.8 50.3 53.7 45.1 49.0 46.7 46.5
SRB 49.7 49.6 48.8 47.1 50.5 49.3 47.6 52.5 46.9 51.2 47.1 49.0 53.5 59.1 54.5 51.2 53.9 47.1 49.5 48.9 46.4 46.0 49.5 46.9 50.3 51.3 54.2 47.7 51.0 51.1 47.6 56.0 48.4 51.7
ZAF(B) 49.0 49.3 53.3 52.4 44.5 50.3 44.7 48.0 46.6 43.6 42.8 46.3 45.0 50.7 42.0 48.2 49.9 44.9 48.4 41.9 54.8 49.9 50.2 44.2 48.9 45.7 48.1 47.0 53.5 49.1 41.4 47.7 50.4 47.9
ZAF(W) 49.1 50.4 53.1 51.6 50.7 49.9 49.2 48.6 48.1 48.8 47.0 49.5 52.4 54.6 53.3 52.7 52.3 47.5 52.7 48.1 50.7 52.1 52.3 45.4 46.8 48.5 47.3 47.1 50.1 51.9 47.2 54.4 52.2 47.9
ESP 58.6 50.1 56.5 54.0 52.0 57.6 43.3 50.6 45.6 50.1 48.3 49.2 52.4 51.1 47.7 44.6 45.4 47.0 43.8 45.8 44.8 53.1 57.2 44.6 48.1 47.8 51.4 44.3 51.8 57.1 48.3 48.0 49.4 48.3
SWE 45.6 45.5 49.8 46.3 47.8 49.6 47.8 54.8 46.9 46.1 45.0 53.4 48.4 45.6 48.4 49.7 43.9 52.9 51.8 51.7 52.7 54.6 59.1 48.8 49.8 52.7 42.7 47.0 54.5 46.3 50.6 46.0 56.5 45.7
CHE(G) 51.0 50.6 50.1 53.1 51.6 53.4 47.3 51.1 49.8 52.8 46.2 52.5 57.0 57.3 56.4 55.4 54.8 46.0 44.7 46.5 45.1 46.7 51.5 48.9 50.6 48.6 50.6 45.6 48.7 53.2 48.5 58.9 47.0 49.6
TWN 51.1 46.4 52.6 53.9 45.4 56.0 46.1 46.5 45.6 43.4 41.4 46.8 46.2 54.7 47.4 47.3 46.2 50.4 51.3 45.4 56.9 45.6 53.1 42.5 47.3 48.9 49.7 45.7 54.4 51.5 42.0 50.2 54.5 48.1
TUR 47.9 50.7 50.9 53.1 49.0 51.6 47.7 52.8 48.8 50.7 50.2 53.1 49.8 53.0 50.5 52.0 47.4 47.2 53.5 51.6 45.5 44.3 48.0 49.5 47.3 50.2 52.0 48.2 51.4 50.9 50.3 50.8 48.5 50.4
USA 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0
ZWE 48.5 49.5 53.4 51.2 44.0 53.9 42.4 48.9 46.3 48.4 43.8 48.2 41.5 50.7 41.0 55.2 48.1 44.6 52.0 40.1 54.5 48.7 56.2 40.9 53.1 49.3 55.3 48.1 55.2 50.9 42.3 47.0 51.0 51.8
DZA 54.3 53.9 56.2 54.0 46.7 54.2 44.5 46.2 46.0 49.8 47.0 45.3 45.7 51.3 45.6 48.5 50.3 44.6 52.0 40.1 54.5 48.7 56.2 40.9 53.1 49.3 55.3 48.1 55.2 54.2 45.0 45.4 50.7 49.9
AUS 43.2 42.0 43.9 43.4 47.4 39.3 55.8 54.8 58.2 53.7 52.3 57.3 48.9 49.2 51.1 58.1 54.8 40.6 53.3 50.7 50.6 51.5 56.0 43.1 51.0 49.9 52.7 46.8 53.9 41.0 57.9 53.9 54.0 57.0
ESP(B) 54.0 49.9 51.2 52.6 45.1 55.7 44.9 53.5 46.0 52.4 46.9 50.9 50.9 48.1 47.2 47.8 45.6 54.5 51.7 56.6 51.8 50.4 51.3 57.2 52.7 55.7 56.9 55.7 54.0 51.9 48.8 47.3 52.5 47.4
BEN 52.5 52.6 55.7 57.2 44.9 51.1 45.9 52.3 45.7 44.0 49.6 48.0 43.3 54.9 45.0 54.1 52.2 47.7 55.1 46.2 51.5 50.2 59.7 43.9 49.1 49.1 48.4 46.1 51.3 53.1 47.0 47.8 49.5 52.0
BGR 45.3 42.2 44.2 48.2 38.3 42.3 51.4 54.5 50.8 53.1 43.5 47.8 40.9 54.3 45.3 48.4 49.4 39.8 49.6 46.2 55.3 49.4 59.5 46.2 53.4 49.4 54.5 47.5 57.0 41.4 50.4 46.6 53.6 59.5
BFA 58.4 56.2 59.0 59.8 48.2 58.3 45.3 50.5 45.6 44.3 48.7 43.8 47.0 53.9 43.3 52.2 51.7 53.2 53.9 53.8 51.9 53.2 47.3 52.4 56.1 59.3 58.9 57.7 57.9 59.2 44.9 47.8 48.1 47.2
BFA2 57.6 55.0 58.3 59.3 47.4 57.2 45.8 50.5 45.5 44.3 48.4 44.1 46.5 53.2 43.2 51.8 52.1 39.4 46.5 45.5 51.9 51.3 59.6 39.9 49.1 46.6 53.5 43.9 52.9 58.1 45.0 47.6 49.4 48.1
COG 50.9 52.6 55.5 54.2 43.8 50.7 46.3 49.0 51.5 45.8 46.2 46.3 44.1 51.2 41.9 52.1 51.0 40.4 47.6 46.0 52.9 52.0 60.1 40.7 49.9 47.7 53.8 44.7 53.6 51.9 46.7 45.6 51.2 52.9
COD 49.7 52.6 53.4 53.6 43.6 49.9 43.8 50.2 50.9 46.4 44.1 43.9 43.7 49.4 39.0 49.4 49.8 42.0 51.9 47.7 54.8 50.4 58.1 47.0 53.9 50.1 55.7 47.8 58.3 50.9 45.3 42.9 47.4 52.9
CZE3 50.2 48.9 50.0 47.8 51.2 51.0 51.6 48.1 51.1 48.9 42.2 51.3 51.5 50.6 50.6 55.1 50.7 41.4 51.1 46.0 47.5 50.5 49.5 39.3 47.5 48.1 50.0 44.5 48.8 49.8 48.3 52.2 47.1 49.1
CZE2 51.3 51.1 52.7 49.5 51.8 54.6 49.9 49.3 49.4 48.2 42.9 52.5 51.9 51.9 50.0 53.8 49.1 41.5 50.0 46.2 54.4 46.3 50.8 50.0 53.5 48.5 54.5 48.2 59.4 49.8 48.1 51.4 46.5 45.3
ERI 47.1 46.6 53.0 53.8 40.1 53.2 41.1 44.7 41.8 40.9 46.9 47.4 38.9 51.1 40.9 46.5 48.5 44.2 50.0 41.6 55.9 54.2 53.7 39.7 54.8 50.9 53.3 44.6 56.4 48.8 40.9 40.5 50.1 50.2
EST3 51.0 51.6 48.1 51.1 48.9 42.2 51.3 51.5 50.6 50.6 55.1 50.7 51.0 42.3 52.3 50.2 46.9 54.8 44.7 53.3 51.5 48.9 49.0 51.7 53.3 51.5 48.9 49.0 51.7 50.2 48.9 50.0 47.8 51.2
EST2 47.7 47.3 48.6 48.8 49.3 46.1 49.3 50.9 52.3 50.7 48.0 48.2 46.5 49.2 48.4 44.8 46.1 42.3 52.3 50.2 46.9 48.8 48.3 43.7 50.9 51.0 50.1 48.2 51.4 50.1 47.8 50.7 49.4 49.7
FIN 48.4 45.8 48.5 49.9 50.4 46.8 47.1 49.6 49.6 52.1 46.6 50.0 52.0 50.4 45.7 54.3 48.4 54.8 50.2 44.4 52.6 47.2 48.5 51.7 52.7 48.7 49.6 49.8 47.4 47.7 48.8 50.1 49.7 50.0
GRC 53.3 50.2 50.7 50.2 46.4 52.8 45.4 50.9 48.9 51.3 42.6 46.5 45.4 50.0 45.5 47.7 45.6 48.3 43.7 50.9 51.0 50.1 48.2 51.4 55.6 53.0 48.1 48.9 53.5 50.9 46.6 45.1 48.8 51.5
ISL 47.6 50.5 50.4 50.8 50.9 50.7 47.9 51.9 45.8 51.0 42.4 50.9 47.9 50.0 47.8 46.5 46.7 43.7 51.5 47.6 50.8 48.8 53.3 45.2 53.1 51.6 52.9 50.1 53.0 50.2 47.6 46.5 55.5 48.9
IND(E) 53.0 52.9 55.8 48.7 47.7 55.7 45.2 48.1 47.4 48.2 47.3 48.5 45.1 55.0 46.9 49.4 48.7 52.1 53.7 50.8 57.9 54.3 52.2 44.0 47.8 55.2 49.9 48.1 50.3 53.3 46.3 47.9 46.6 47.7
ITA(R) 55.1 53.8 53.8 50.1 52.5 55.4 47.6 50.8 48.2 52.6 44.3 46.9 54.1 56.4 49.8 49.9 49.2 44.6 52.9 48.0 43.6 49.8 48.8 44.1 44.9 51.3 49.3 48.2 51.9 55.5 46.6 52.6 48.9 50.4
ITA2 55.8 51.5 54.1 50.2 51.0 56.1 46.0 51.3 47.6 50.7 46.1 46.5 55.3 54.8 49.2 50.7 49.9 42.6 47.9 46.6 43.7 48.8 53.5 42.8 46.0 48.9 48.9 47.9 50.7 55.0 46.9 52.1 48.1 48.7
LVA 54.3 51.4 53.5 52.7 50.5 56.0 44.4 49.5 48.5 48.9 43.8 45.9 50.5 51.1 48.7 47.0 46.0 44.4 49.8 43.6 49.1 46.1 54.4 43.2 49.3 46.4 50.6 48.6 51.8 54.1 45.6 47.3 42.9 46.5
LTU 51.2 51.1 53.3 52.1 47.0 54.9 44.9 50.3 47.3 50.2 47.6 49.3 50.2 52.7 46.3 46.7 45.5 46.1 45.0 41.5 47.1 45.1 47.2 43.3 51.1 46.6 49.5 45.2 47.9 52.2 47.5 47.2 46.5 46.2
MLI 53.6 53.2 53.9 55.4 46.2 53.7 46.9 54.0 48.7 47.9 48.4 46.1 43.0 51.6 43.0 50.2 52.1 48.1 47.9 42.7 47.9 48.3 51.0 41.3 48.9 49.1 47.6 44.9 50.1 53.7 48.3 44.6 46.6 51.5
MUS 53.9 52.7 54.9 51.8 48.3 53.7 46.2 46.6 48.0 50.8 48.0 47.4 47.2 50.7 47.3 48.3 50.5 43.0 46.5 44.7 49.7 48.1 56.4 46.9 49.7 49.5 55.0 48.5 56.6 53.7 46.8 46.9 49.9 49.2
MEX 50.6 49.3 49.2 48.0 48.1 52.0 44.9 51.9 51.5 48.3 54.3 53.1 51.4 53.6 47.5 46.4 52.7 41.5 52.4 45.9 52.1 51.3 57.1 45.2 50.7 49.4 51.9 47.1 52.6 49.4 51.2 50.2 42.4 50.3
RUS(N) 53.4 54.6 54.7 58.6 48.8 59.1 42.7 46.9 44.8 49.5 49.4 43.8 48.9 53.5 41.9 48.1 46.5 44.5 43.7 45.9 46.0 43.0 48.8 48.2 47.1 51.9 54.0 47.3 53.0 56.5 42.3 45.0 40.6 45.6
NZL 46.9 39.5 45.5 47.2 45.1 43.3 54.4 52.4 51.6 52.6 47.7 55.8 43.6 46.8 50.9 55.8 47.7 42.0 39.3 38.3 41.6 49.0 47.2 40.5 52.4 42.8 47.4 45.3 49.2 42.9 53.6 48.9 60.2 55.3
NOR2 48.8 44.7 50.2 46.9 52.9 47.9 48.3 54.0 51.4 56.3 45.9 52.3 51.0 53.4 50.6 55.9 48.9 54.2 53.9 49.2 51.7 50.2 50.4 49.0 48.8 49.0 49.8 48.8 47.7 48.1 52.0 53.3 52.6 48.5
PHL2 55.5 50.5 54.3 56.4 48.7 54.6 45.2 52.5 50.1 46.7 51.3 49.0 49.7 53.7 51.9 54.5 51.7 44.6 45.5 44.8 52.0 47.8 55.9 46.9 50.4 49.1 55.6 47.9 55.2 54.6 49.0 49.3 47.2 51.2
POL 53.6 50.1 55.3 54.9 46.7 56.1 45.4 48.7 45.0 51.7 41.7 45.0 46.1 49.8 44.3 48.4 46.5 55.3 58.4 56.7 58.5 55.5 54.5 52.9 52.3 56.2 54.1 55.7 54.0 53.9 44.5 44.7 47.4 48.0
ROU 49.5 49.9 50.3 50.7 44.6 49.3 46.4 50.0 49.7 50.3 44.2 45.4 46.5 50.6 45.8 48.3 49.2 46.9 49.1 43.3 49.6 52.3 47.5 42.9 51.5 49.6 50.8 47.2 48.0 48.9 46.7 46.7 46.2 50.8
ITA(S) 54.1 50.7 52.9 50.8 47.6 55.1 47.5 53.1 47.0 50.2 46.1 46.0 49.5 50.8 44.9 52.0 45.0 45.9 49.4 44.2 49.2 46.8 49.6 46.0 51.7 50.3 52.1 50.4 52.2 53.2 47.5 46.5 49.7 49.8
SEN 53.6 50.9 54.2 53.5 44.5 49.3 47.7 48.3 47.7 48.8 44.4 46.6 45.9 52.1 43.3 49.1 54.4 44.8 48.7 46.9 45.0 51.6 53.4 42.7 48.6 50.0 50.2 49.2 53.5 51.6 46.2 47.6 54.8 55.0
ESP2 54.2 46.8 51.7 50.2 48.5 51.4 46.0 47.9 48.4 49.6 38.4 49.6 48.6 50.9 46.1 47.2 46.6 49.8 48.8 46.6 50.6 54.0 56.8 46.9 49.6 52.5 52.0 48.8 53.3 50.7 45.1 47.3 51.7 50.7
SWE2 44.7 45.0 49.4 45.6 45.5 48.6 46.6 51.4 46.8 47.4 39.9 50.9 45.9 45.4 47.4 48.8 43.8 53.2 53.8 51.4 54.1 57.0 59.2 49.6 51.3 56.0 44.2 50.3 55.0 45.4 45.9 45.0 57.3 51.3
SWE3 44.8 44.5 50.0 43.6 43.9 47.7 48.1 50.9 49.5 46.3 40.2 54.5 48.5 44.6 50.6 51.2 48.1 52.4 54.4 55.4 52.5 54.6 56.7 53.5 53.1 57.4 47.4 51.5 55.2 53.7 52.2 50.7 52.2 50.0
CHE(F) 55.0 50.8 53.4 51.9 51.9 52.3 48.4 47.4 46.7 50.9 43.8 50.6 54.7 53.0 51.4 53.0 50.5 46.2 51.3 48.0 52.0 53.2 55.6 42.4 47.6 49.8 49.1 46.5 47.8 53.5 47.0 53.6 51.7 46.4
CHE(F2) 54.6 50.5 53.5 52.0 51.8 52.4 49.2 48.4 47.0 51.4 44.3 51.5 54.4 52.9 51.6 52.7 50.7 46.2 51.4 48.2 51.8 53.5 55.9 42.3 47.6 49.8 49.1 46.4 47.8 53.4 47.9 53.4 52.3 46.4
TUN 51.7 52.5 54.1 54.0 47.7 53.8 45.4 48.3 47.5 48.9 48.8 47.8 46.6 52.3 45.3 48.2 48.8 46.6 52.1 49.3 52.0 53.4 56.0 43.0 47.6 49.7 49.3 46.3 47.5 53.1 46.8 45.5 48.0 48.3
GBR 44.3 40.7 43.0 41.7 43.6 38.7 53.1 53.9 58.9 59.0 45.9 54.4 48.3 52.7 52.4 62.7 55.0 39.5 52.4 49.8 48.2 47.8 56.2 42.8 49.7 48.9 53.7 45.2 51.1 39.4 56.1 56.8 54.0 57.6
USA(B) 48.3 48.7 48.0 48.5 48.9 48.4 50.4 50.6 52.8 51.2 48.1 49.9 51.2 53.5 50.6 50.9 51.8 56.6 50.5 53.3 55.1 50.1 50.0 57.0 50.8 56.8 58.9 57.3 53.9 47.8 49.2 53.3 50.3 50.0
Note. N = Neuroticism; E = Extraversion; O = Openness; A = Agreeableness; C = Conscientiousness.

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Volume 48, Issue 3
Pages: 402 - 420
Article first published online: February 12, 2017
Issue published: April 2017

Keywords

  1. Personality
  2. five-factor model
  3. cross-cultural research
  4. traits
  5. country mean scores
  6. NEO-PI-R
  7. NEO-PI-3

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Jüri Allik
University of Tartu, Estonia
Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, Estonia
[email protected]
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A. Timothy Church
Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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Fernando A. Ortiz
Gonzaga University, Spokane, WA, USA
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Jérôme Rossier
University of Lausanne, Switzerland
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Martina Hřebíčková
Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
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Filip de Fruyt
Ghent University, Belgium
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Anu Realo
University of Tartu, Estonia
University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Robert R. McCrae
Gloucester, MA, USA
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Notes

Jüri Allik, Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Näituse 2, Tartu 50409, Estonia. Email: [email protected]

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