Treatment of older patients with colorectal cancer: a perspective review
Abstract
Introduction
Surgery
Adjuvant therapy
Metastatic disease
Author/study | Type of study | No. of patients | No. of older patients (%)/ age cutoff (years) |
Endpoints | Outcome |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Damhuis et al. [1996] |
Data analysis, retrospective |
6457 | 1549 (24%)/ 80 |
(i) Resection rate (ii) 30-day postoperative mortality |
(i) 82.1% for 80–89 years, 67.2% for >90 years (ii) 1.2% for <60 years, 9.8 % for >80 years |
Rutten et al. [2008] |
Data analysis (a) Dutch TME study (b) Dutch Comprehensive Cancer Centres |
5923 |
1508 (25.4%)/ 75 |
Older versus younger patients: (i) 1 month (ii) 6-month postoperative (TME) mortality |
(a) (i) 6.5% in patients aged 75–84 years versus 3.2% in patients aged 65–74 years ( ii) 13.4% versus 4.6% (b) (i) 3.7% versus 1.1% (ii) 13.4% versus 4.9% |
Aparicio et al. [2009] |
Database analysis, retrospective | 110 |
110 (100%)/ 75 |
Management analysis |
52% received substandard treatment: 87% received surgical treatment 26% adjuvant CT 16% palliative CT |
Fontani et al. [2011] |
Observational analysis, prospective |
914 |
352 (38.5%)/ 75 |
Older versus younger patients: (i) perioperative mortality (ii) 3-year, 5-year, 10-year OS |
(i) 5.9% versus 2.1% (p = 0.003) (ii) 3-year OS: 37% versus. 52.3% 5-year OS: 16.2% versus 35.1% 10-year OS: 5.1 versus 24.7% (p < 0.005) |
Maas et al. [2013] |
Data analysis, retrospective |
642 (a) n = 346 (b) n = 296 |
642 (100%)/ 75 |
Preoperative RT + surgery (a) Versus surgery alone (b): (i) local recurrence (ii) postoperative complications |
(i) 2% versus 6% (p = 0.002) (ii) 58% versus 42% (p < 0.0001) |
Author/study | Type of study | No. of patients | No. of older patients (%)/ age cutoff (years) |
Endpoints | Outcomes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tournigand et al. [2012] | MOSAIQ subgroup analysis for stage II disease and older patients | 2246 | 315 (14%)/ 70(<76) |
FL versus FOLFOX4: (i) DFS (ii) OS |
(i) HR 0.93 (95% CI 0.64–1.35, p = 0.73) (ii) HR 1.10 (95% CI 0.73–1.65, p = 0.661) |
Sannof et al. [2012a] |
Database analysis, retrospective, (SEER-Medicare, CanCONS, NCCN) |
5489 |
5489 (100%)/ 75 |
OS in stage III: (i) CT versus no CT (ii) oxaliplatin-based treatment versus nonoxaliplatin regimens |
(i) HR 0.60 (95% CI 0.53–0.68) (ii) SEER-Medicare: HR 0.84( 95% CI 0.69–1.04) NYSCR-Medicare: HR 0.82 (95% CI 0.51–1.33) |
McCleary et al. [2013] | ACCENT group analysis in stage II/III |
14,528 | 2575 (21.5%)/ 70 |
FU versus combination regimens: DFS, OS,TTR in older (i) and younger (ii) patients |
(i) DFS: HR: 1.05 (95% CI 0.94–1.19), p = 0.09 OS: HR 1.08 (95% CI, 0.95 to 1.23), p = 0.05 TTR: HR 1.06 (95% CI 0.93–1.22), p = 0.36 (ii) DFS: HR 0.89 (95% CI 0.80–0.99), p = 0.001 TTR: HR 0.88 (95% CI, 0.79–0.98), p = 0.02 OS: HR 1.08 (95% CI 0.95–1.23)*, p = 0.04 |
Author/study | Type of study | No. of patients |
No. of older patients (%)/ age cutoff (years) |
Endpoints | Outcomes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Folprecht et al. [2008] |
Pooled analysis (data from four phase III trials) |
2691 |
599 (22.2%)/ 70 |
Iri/5FU versus 5FU as first line in younger versus older patients: (i) RR (ii) OS (iii) PFS |
(i) RR: improved with Iri-based therapy Y:46.6 versus 29.0%, p < 0.0001 E: 50.5 versus 30.3%, p < 0.0001 (ii) OS: improved with combination therapy Y:HR 0.83 (95% CI 0.75–0.92; p = 0.0003) E: HR 0.87 (95% CI 0.72–1.05; p = 0.15) (iii) PFS improved with Iri-based therapy Y: HR 0.77 (95% CI 0.70–0.85, p < 0.0001) E: HR 0.75 (95% CI 0.61–0.90, p = 0.0026) |
Cassidy et al. [2010] | Retrospective pooled analysis (AVF2107g, AVF219g, NO16966, E3200 trials) |
3007 |
1142 (37.9%)/ 65 |
(i) PFS (ii) OS with FU-based CT ± Bev |
(i) ≥ 65 years: 9.3 (+ Bev) versus 6.9 months HR 0.58 (95% CI 0.49–0.68, p < 0.0001) ≥70 years: 9.2 (+ Bev) versus 6.4 months HR 0.54 (95% CI 0.44-0.66, p < 0.0001) (ii) ≥65 years: 17.9 (+ Bev) versus 15 months HR 0.85(95% CI 0.74–0.97, p = 0.015) ≥70 years, 17.4 (+ Bev) versus 14.1 months HR 0.7 (95% CI 0.66–0.93, p = 0.005) |
Adam et al. [2010] |
Multicentre cohort study | 7764 |
999 (12.8%)/ 70 |
Older versus younger patients with liver metastasectomy: (i) (a) postoperative mortality (b) morbidity (ii) OS (iii) DFS |
(i) (a) 5 versus 2.2% for major hepatectomies (p < 0.001) 4.1 versus 0.9% for limited resections (p < 0.001) (b) 37.8 versus 35.2 % after major hepatectomy (p = 0.19) 30.3 versus 21.9% after limited resections (p < 0.001) (ii) 3 years: 57.1% versus 60.2% (p < 0.001) (iii) 3 years: 37% versus 31.9% (p = 0.051) |
Seymour et al. [2011] (FOCUS2) |
Multicentre, randomized phase III | 438 | 199 (43%)/ 75 |
(a) Intravenous infusion 5FU (b) Ox + 5FU (c) Ox + Cap (d) Cap (i) PFS: (a) versus (b), (c) versus (d) (ii) QOL assessment with Cap instead of 5FU |
(i) 5.8 versus 4.5 months, HR 0.84 (95% CI 0.69–1.01, p = 0.07) (ii) Replacement of FU with Cap did not improve QOL |
Cunningham et al. [2013] (AVEX) | Multicentre, randomized phase III | 280 |
280 (100%)/ 70 |
(i) PFS (a) Cap (n = 140) (b) Cap + Bev (n = 140) (ii) assessment of treatment-related AE |
(i) 9.1 (+ Bev) versus 5.1 months HR 0.53 (95% CI 0.41–0.61, p < 0.0001) (ii) ≥Grade 3: 40% (+ Bev) versus 22% serious AEs in 14% and 8% respectively |
Targeted therapies
Toxicity and individualization
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This article was published in Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology.
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