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Obesity and efficacy of vitamin D3 supplementation in healthy black adults

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Abstract

Purpose

Results from recent clinical trials suggest that vitamin D efficacy against cancer may be influenced by body mass index. As suppression of parathyroid hormone (PTH) is one indicator of vitamin D efficacy, we examined to what extent doses of vitamin D3 supplementation suppress PTH levels in individuals with and without obesity.

Methods

A total of 328 healthy African Americans were randomized into the following four groups and treated for 3 months: placebo, 1,000, 2,000, or 4,000 IU/day of vitamin D3 supplementation.

Results

Among the participants, 250 individuals with PTH measurements were included in the analysis. Obese individuals (n = 141) experienced a steep reduction of 3-month PTH from placebo to 1,000 IU/day of vitamin D3 supplementation, but no further reduction at 2,000 or 4,000 IU/day. For non-obese individuals (n = 109), the reduction of 3-month PTH was approximately linear for increasing vitamin D3 doses. At supplementation of 2,000 to 4,000 IU/day, 3-month 25(OH)vitamin D levels were high in both non-obese and obese individuals, but the 3-month PTH levels remained about 10 pg/mL higher in individuals with obesity.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that excess adiposity confers resistance to vitamin D efficacy in suppressing PTH levels, even when given at high doses.

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Funding

The parent trial of this study was funded by the National Cancer Institute (U01CA138962 [Dr. Chandler]; P50CA127003; R01CA205406 [Dr. Ng]), the American Cancer Society Mentored Research Scholar Award (127524-MRSG-15-012-01-CNE [Dr. Chandler]), and the American Society of Clinical Oncology Career Development Award (Dr. Ng). These funding sources had no role in the conception or conduct of the study, took no part in the data collection or analysis, and had no role in the drafting, review, or approval of the article. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00585637.

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Correspondence to Edward Giovannucci.

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Kim, H., Chandler, P., Ng, K. et al. Obesity and efficacy of vitamin D3 supplementation in healthy black adults. Cancer Causes Control 31, 303–307 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-020-01275-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-020-01275-3

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