Old Avesta index

P. Oktor Skjaervo

This document contains notes from the research on every difference between the MT and LXX texts of Habakkuk that was deemed significant, and that was tagged as such (with color-coding and underlining) in the companion document, “Parallel Alignment of MT-LXX Twelve (08) Habakkuk.” For each difference, parsing and translation is provided for the MT and LXX texts (as necessary), and as many options for Hebrew retroversion as possible are identified, spelled, vocalized, parsed, translated, and discussed (including citation of scholarly sources that support each option). In the end, a decision is made as to whether or not to retrovert, and (if retroverting) which option is most likely what the the translators saw (or thought they saw). This document is part of the research that went into the Hebrew retroversion of the LXX Twelve Prophets, which I developed as a stepping-stone to analyzing the coherence of the LXX arrangement of the books of the Twelve. (The entire retroversion can be found in Appendix A of my thesis, “Toward the Originally Authored Book of the Twelve: Testing the Coherence of the Variant Shapings of the Twelve Prophets.”) It was not possible, within the thesis, to include detailed arguments for all the various retroverted elements. That’s why I’m sharing these present documents (i.e., the Parallel Alignments, and the Brainstorming on Possible Retroversions), since I don’t think I’ll ever get a chance to flesh out these arguments in any formal academic works. (To make these documents more intelligible, I’m also including a Key to the formatting of the Parallel Alignments and a Key to the formatting of the Brainstorming on Possible Retroversions.) I hope these documents are a help, especially for those who happen to read my thesis :)

This document contains notes from the research on every difference between the MT and LXX texts of Micah that was deemed significant, and that was tagged as such (with color-coding and underlining) in the companion document, “Parallel Alignment of MT-LXX Twelve (03) Micah.” For each difference, parsing and translation is provided for the MT and LXX texts (as necessary), and as many options for Hebrew retroversion as possible are identified, spelled, vocalized, parsed, translated, and discussed (including citation of scholarly sources that support each option). In the end, a decision is made as to whether or not to retrovert, and (if retroverting) which option is most likely what the the translators saw (or thought they saw). This document is part of the research that went into the Hebrew retroversion of the LXX Twelve Prophets, which I developed as a stepping-stone to analyzing the coherence of the LXX arrangement of the books of the Twelve. (The entire retroversion can be found in Appendix A of my thesis, “Toward the Originally Authored Book of the Twelve: Testing the Coherence of the Variant Shapings of the Twelve Prophets.”) It was not possible, within the thesis, to include detailed arguments for all the various retroverted elements. That’s why I’m sharing these present documents (i.e., the Parallel Alignments, and the Brainstorming on Possible Retroversions), since I don’t think I’ll ever get a chance to flesh out these arguments in any formal academic works. (To make these documents more intelligible, I’m also including a Key to the formatting of the Parallel Alignments and a Key to the formatting of the Brainstorming on Possible Retroversions.) I hope these documents are a help, especially for those who happen to read my thesis :)

The augment of vowel-initial roots in Old Indo-Aryan consists in the vrddhi grade of the initial vowel of the verbal stem. Although the origin of this feature can basically be explained in phonological terms, as described by Lubot-sky (1995) and others, it is pointed out that the analogy of verb stems with full or lengthened grade root might have played a role as well. On the other hand, in absence of relevant forms in Avestan and Old Persian, the parallelism between the augment and vrddhi‑derivation has to be taken into account if we want to describe the augment of vowel-initial roots in the Old Iranian languages. It is argued that the vrddhi‑derivation in Old Persian was similar to the situation in Avestan, i. e. simple vowels were replaced by short diphthongs (not by long ones, as in Old Indo-Aryan) and this has to be assumed for the Old Persian augment of vowel-initial roots as well.

OLD AVESTAN GLOSSARY “*obscurer” (?), a-dhvasmán- “*unobscured.”. aduuå NAPn 1.31.02. aduuan- masc.: road. — OI. ádhvan-. aduuānəm AS 1.34.13, 2.44.03. aduuaēša- adj. < duuaēša- < daibiš-: not showing hostility (to: dat.). aduuaēšō NSm 1.29.03. daibiš-, duuaēšah-. aē-/i pres. aē-/i- (y-), pres. desid. iša-, ppp. ita- act.: to go. aiienī Su 1S 2.46.01. idī Imp 2S 2.46.16. itē Inf 2.43.13. apā: to go away. apaiieitī Su 3S 1.32.11. ā: to come. āitī Ind 3S 1.31.14. āiiat̰ Su 3S 1.31.20, 2.46.06. āiiāt̰ Su 3S 2.46.06. aiiaṇtəm PrPt ASm 2.46.05. āitē Inf 1.31.09. paitī to come toward. paitī ... paitiieiṇtī Ind 3P 3.49.11. aiienī paitī Su 1S 1.34.06. paitī ... aiienī Su 1S 3.50.09. dušiti-, ə̄niti-, vasə̄.iti-, xvīti-, xvaēta-. pres. desid. iša- act.: to approach(?). išaθā Ind 2P 2.45.01. išəṇtī Ind 3P 2.46.09. išåṇtī Su 3P 2.45.07. išəṇtō PrPt VPm 1.30.01, 3.47.06. paitī: to come to in return(?). paitišāt̰ Su 3S 2.44.02. aēm dem. pron.: this. aiiə̄m NSm 2.44.12. aēm 1.29.08. īm (*ii̯ əm) NSf 2.45.03. imąm ASf 6.38.01. imā NAPn 6.35.09, 6.36.06. aēnah- neut.: sin. — OI. énas-. aēnaŋ́hē DS 1.32.16, 2.46.07, 2.46.08. aēnaŋhō GS 1.31.13, 1.31.15. aē nå NAP 1.32.06. aēnaŋhąm GP 1.30.08, 1.32.07, 1.32.08. dərəštā.aēnah-. aēs-, pres. isa-, aor. āiš-?, ppp. išta-mid.: to be able/capable (of), control; desire. — OI. ī́śe, icháti. isē Ind 3S 3.50.01. isāmaidē Ind (Su) 1P 6.35.07. isāi Su 1S 1.28.04, 2.43.09. isāicā 3.50.11. isōiiā Op 1S 2.43.08. isəmnō PrPt NSm 2.46.06. pairī act.: to wish for. pairi.āiš Aor 2S 3.50.10. išta-: sth. desired. A a- pers./dem. pron. obl. stem. ahmāi DSmn 1.27.14, 1.29.03, 1.30.02, 1.31.06, 2.43.01, 2.43.02, 2.44.16, 2.44.19, 2.45.05, 2.45.10, 2.46.08, 2.46.13, 2.46.18, 2.46.18, 2.46.19, 3.47.01, 3.47.03, 3.49.02, 3.49.03, 3.50.02, 3.50.03, 4.51.06, 4.51.19, 6.35.06, 6.36.01. ahmāicā 1.30.07, 6.40.02, 6.41.06. ahmāt̰ AbSmn 1.33.06, 2.45.11, 3.47.04, 4.51.10. ahiiā GSmn 1.28.01, 1.29.10, 1.31.12, 1.32.01, 1.32.01, 1.32.13, 1.32.14, 1.34.06, 1.34.10, 2.43.03, 2.43.09, 2.44.15, 2.44.19, 2.45.03, 2.45.04, 2.45.06, 2.46.08, 3.47.02, 3.47.03, 3.47.05, 3.48.04, 3.48.10, 3.49.01, 3.49.02, 5.53.07, 6.36.01, 6.36.03, 6.37.02, 6.40.02, 6.40.02, 6.41.06, 6.41.06. ax́iiācā 1.32.01. ahmī LSmn 2.43.06, 4.51.12. aiiå GDumn 1.30.05, 1.30.06, 1.31.02, 1.31.10, 1.33.09, 2.44.15. åscā GDumn 1.30.03. āiš IPmn 1.28.11, 1.31.02, 1.33.01, 2.44.11, 5.53.08, 6.39.04. aēbiiō DAbPmn 1.32.02, 1.28.10, 1.29.10, 1.30.08, 1.31.01, 1.31.01, 1.32.12, 1.34.08, 1.34.09, 2.43.06, 2.44.20, 2.45.03, 2.46.12, 6.35.06, 6.39.01. aēšąm GPmn 1.30.07, 1.30.08, 1.32.07, 1.32.08, 1.34.01, 6.35.09. aēšąmcīt̰ 1.32.08. ōiiā ISf 3.47.02. ax́iiāi DSf 1.31.09, 1.31.10, 3.48.06. ābiiā IDAbDuf 1.32.15. ābīš IPf 6.38.02. abiiascā DAbPf 5.53.05. āhū LPf 6.40.01. adā, ana-, at̰ , aθā, aθrā, auuaṇt-, āat̰ , āt̰ . abifrā > par-. acišta-, superl. of aka-: worst. acištō NSm 1.30.04. acištəm ASm 1.30.06, 1.32.10, 1.33.04. acištahiiā GSm 1.32.13. acištā NAPn 1.30.05, 1.32.04, 4.51.11. ad- > ād-. adā adv.: then 1.29.02, 1.30.10. — OP. ada(kaiy). adā- < ādā-. adāθa- adj < dāθa-.: who has no established rules, who is not in accordance with the established rule. adāθəmcā ASm 2.46.17. adāθąscā APm 2.46.15. adə̄ adv.: (from) below 2.44.04. — OI. adháḥ. adrujiiaṇt- adj. < drujiiaṇt- < draog-: who does not lie. adrujiiaṇtō GSm 1.31.15. — OI. drúhyati, OP. durujiya-. aduuah- adj.: *dustless. — Cf. OI. dhvas-mán- m. 1 MAY 16, 2022 – 1:33 PM OLD AVESTAN GLOSSARY ištə̄m NASn 6.40.04. isuuan-, īšā-, īšti-(?). aēš-, pres. °išiia-, ppp. išta-: to set in motion. — OI. íṣya-. frā act.: to send forth. fraēšiiā Su 1S 3.49.06. fraēš́ iiāmahī Ind 1P 6.35.04. išiia-, zastā.išta-. aēš-, pres. išaiia- < īš-(?) act.: to grow in vigor(?). — OI. iṣayá-. išaiiąs PrPt NSm 3.50.09. aēša- masc.: search. — OI. éṣa-. aēšē LS 1.28.04. aēša- adj.: powerful. — OI. eṣá-. aēšō NSm 2.44.17, 2.45.07. aēšəm ASm 2.43.10. aēšācā NPm 6.41.04. anaēša-. aēšasā- fem. < aēž-(?): a *puny hymn(?). aēšasā IS 5.53.09. aēš-, pres. išasa-. aēšəma- masc.: wrath. — OI. iṣmín-, Lat. īra, etc. aēšəmō NS 1.29.01, 3.48.07. aēšəməm AS 1.29.02, 1.30.06, 3.49.04. aēšəmāi DS 2.44.20. aēšəm.mahiiā GS 3.48.12. aēuru- masc.: *seeder. — OI. éru-. aēuruš NS 3.50.10. aēuua- num.: one. aēuuō NSm 1.29.08. aēuuā ISm 1.29.06. aēz- : to expect. — Skt. ī́hate. > iziia-. aēž(d)-, pres. išasa- act.: to seek to obtain by prayer(?). išasā Su 1S 1.31.04. išasōit̰ Op 3S 3.50.02. išasąs PrPt NSm 4.51.19. aēšasā-, īžiia-. afšman- neut.: (metrical?) verse. afšmānī NAP 2.46.17. anafšman-. afšuiiaṇt- adj.: sb. who is not a tender of cattle. afšuiiaṇtō NPm 3.49.04. fšao-, pres. fšuiia-. agəniiā- adj. fem. < gan-: not to be smashed (harmed). — OI. ághnyā-. agəniiå NAP 6.38.05. agušta- past part.: unheard. aguštā NAPn 1.31.01. gaoš-, pres. *gaoš-/gūš-,. aγžaonuuamna- < a- + pres. part. mid. of *γža(n)-: *undiminishing(?). — Cf. OP. axšata-, Lat. ferio < *g„hes-/g„hse- > IIr. *ghas-/jas-/gža > OI. ghas-/kṣa- “to devour,” Ir. *jah-/gža-?. aγžaonuuamnəm NASn 1.28.03. ah-, pres. ah- (as-)/h- (s-). ahmī Ind 1S 2.46.02, 2.46.02. ahī Ind 2S 1.32.07, 2.43.07, 2.43.07, 3.47.03, 4.51.03, 6.36.03, 6.36.03. astī Ind 3S 1.27.14, 1.27.14, 6.35.06. mahī Ind 1P 6.35.02, 6.35.02. stā Ind 2P 1.32.03, 1.34.06. həṇtī Ind 3P 1.33.10, 2.44.16, 2.45.06, 4.51.10. həṇticā 4.51.22. as Impf 3S 1.31.09. aŋhācā Su 1S 3.50.11. aŋhaitī Su 3S 1.30.11, 1.31.05, 1.31.22, 3.50.03, 5.53.07. aŋhat̰ 1.29.04, 1.29.09, 1.30.04, 1.30.09, 1.31.05, 1.31.06, 1.31.09, 1.31.16, 1.32.02, 1.33.03, 2.44.19, 2.44.19, 2.45.03, 3.47.04, 3.48.04, 3.48.09, 3.49.07, 5.53.05, 5.53.07. åŋhāmā Su 1P 1.32.01, 3.49.08. aŋhən Su 3P 1.31.01, 1.31.04, 1.31.14, 3.48.12, 3.49.11. x́iiə̄m Op 1S 2.43.08, 3.50.09. x́iiå Op 2S 6.41.03. x́iiāt̰ Op 3S 2.43.15, 2.43.16, 2.43.16, 2.44.17, 6.35.03, 6.40.04. x́iiāmā Op 1P 1.30.09, 6.40.04. x́iiātā Op 2P 3.50.07. zdī Imp 2S 1.31.17. astū Imp 3S 5.53.08. hə̄ṇtū Imp 3P 1.33.07. åŋharə̄ Pf 3P 1.33.10, 2.44.20. åŋharəcā 2.45.07, 4.51.22. hąs PrPt NSm 2.46.04, 2.46.05, 3.47.04, 4.51.05. hat̰ PrPt NASn 6.35.06. hātąm PrPt GPmn 1.29.03, 2.44.10, 6.35.03, 6.35.08, 6.41.02, 6.41.03, 6.41.04. stōi Inf 1.31.08, 1.33.10, 1.34.04, 2.45.10, 2.46.16, 3.49.02, 3.50.02, 3.50.06. ā: to be present(?). ā ahmī 1.32.08. ahuuā ... ā(?) Impf 1Du 1.29.05. ā aŋhat̰ 1.30.07. ā ... ā aŋhən Su 3P 6.39.01. ā ... hə̄ṇtū Imp 3P 5.53.08. haiθiia-, sti-. ah- 2, pres. aŋ́ha- act.: to throw, shoot (an arrow). — OI. ásyati. as Inj 2S 1.34.08, 1.34.08, 1.34.08. paitiiāstar-, paitiiāsti- return shot. ahə̄musta-: ?. ahə̄mustō NSm 2.46.04. ahma- > a-, vaēm. ahmāka- poss. pron. 1 plur.: our. — OI. asmā́ ka-. ahmākə̄ṇg APm 1.32.08, 2.45.09, 6.39.01. ahmākāiš IPn 6.37.03. vaēm. ahu- masc.: (un/new-born) life, existence. — OI. ásu-. aŋhuš NS 1.28.11, 1.30.04. ahūm AS 1.30.06, 1.30.09, 1.31.20, 1.34.15, 2.45.01, 2.46.11, 2.46.13, 4.51.19, 5.53.05, 5.53.06. ahū IS 1.27.13, 1.29.06. 2 MAY 16, 2022 – 1:33 PM OLD AVESTAN GLOSSARY ahuiiē DS 6.40.02, 6.41.06. aŋhə̄uš GS 1.27.13, 1.31.08, 1.32.13, 1.33.01, 1.34.06, 2.43.03, 2.43.05, 2.44.02, 2.44.08, 2.45.02, 2.45.03, 2.45.03, 2.45.04, 2.46.03, 2.46.10, 3.48.02, 3.48.06, 3.50.11, 4.51.06. aŋhuuō LS 6.41.02, 6.41.03. ahubiiā IDAbDu 6.35.03, 6.35.08, 6.38.03. ahuuå GDu 1.28.02. parāhu-. ahu- 2 masc.: lord. aŋhauuascā NP 1.32.11. ahura- masc.: lord. — OI. ásura-. ahurō NS 1.29.04, 1.29.06, 1.29.07, 1.31.02, 1.31.21, 1.32.02, 1.33.05, 1.33.11, 2.43.01, 2.43.03, 2.45.03, 2.45.04, 2.45.05, 2.45.06, 2.45.07, 2.45.09, 2.45.10, 2.46.12, 2.46.13, 2.46.16, 2.46.17, 3.47.01, 3.48.03, 3.48.06, 4.51.03, 4.51.06, 4.51.15, 4.51.16, 4.51.17, 4.51.21, 4.51.22, 5.53.01, 5.53.02, 5.53.04, 5.53.09, 5.54.01, 6.38.04. ahurā VS 1.28.02, 1.28.06, 1.28.09, 1.28.10, 1.28.11, 1.29.10, 1.29.11, 1.30.08, 1.31.05, 1.31.07, 1.31.09, 1.31.14, 1.31.15, 1.31.16, 1.31.17, 1.31.19, 1.31.22, 1.32.06, 1.32.07, 1.32.16, 1.33.03, 1.33.06, 1.33.12, 1.33.13, 1.34.01, 1.34.03, 1.34.04, 1.34.10, 1.34.13, 1.34.14, 1.34.15, 2.43.05, 2.43.07, 2.43.09, 2.43.11, 2.43.13, 2.43.15, 2.43.16, 2.44.01, 2.44.02, 2.44.03, 2.44.04, 2.44.05, 2.44.06, 2.44.07, 2.44.08, 2.44.09, 2.44.10, 2.44.11, 2.44.12, 2.44.13, 2.44.14, 2.44.15, 2.44.16, 2.44.17, 2.44.18, 2.44.19, 2.45.11, 2.46.01, 2.46.02, 2.46.03, 2.46.05, 2.46.06, 2.46.07, 2.46.10, 2.46.14, 3.47.05, 3.47.06, 3.48.01, 3.48.02, 3.48.07, 3.48.08, 3.49.05, 3.49.06, 3.49.07, 3.49.08, 3.49.12, 3.50.01, 3.50.04, 3.50.05, 3.50.10, 4.51.02, 4.51.18, 6.35.10, 6.36.01, 6.36.05, 6.36.06, 6.39.04, 6.40.01, 6.40.01, 6.40.03, 6.40.04, 6.41.02, 6.41.04, 6.41.05. ahurəm AS 1.28.03, 1.28.08, 1.29.02, 1.30.05, 1.31.08, 1.31.10, 2.45.08, 2.46.09, 6.37.01. ahurahiiā GS 1.28.04, 1.32.01, 1.32.04, 1.33.02, 2.46.15, 6.35.07, 6.36.02, 6.36.03, 6.36.03, 6.38.03. ahurāi DS 1.28.05, 1.30.01, 6.35.05, 6.41.01. ahurāi.ā 1.27.13, 1.29.05(?). ahuråŋhō NP 1.30.09, 1.31.04. ahurānī-, āhūriia-. ahura.mazdā-: the Haptanghaitic form of the voc. of ahura- mazdā-. ahura.mazdā 6.35.03, 6.35.09, 6.38.01, 6.39.04, 6.41.05. ahurānī- fem.: lady of the lord Ahura. ahurānīš NAP 6.38.03. ahuuā- fem.: *being. ahuuāhū LP 4.51.09. huuaŋhəuuiia-. ahūm.biš- adj.: who heals (this) state. ahūm.biš NSm 1.31.19, 2.44.02, 2.44.16. aibī pre/postpos., prev. — OI. abhi. aibī + dat.: for 6.35.10. hiiat̰ aibī: as for 6.35.05, 6.40.01. aibī ... vaēnahī 1.31.13. aibī ... daṇtī 1.32.15. dīšā aibī 2.43.07. aibī ... dāuuōi 4.51.09. aibī ... dātā(?) 4.51.19. aibī.bairišta- adj. superlative < aibī.bar-: who brings most often. aibī.bairištəm NASn 4.51.01. aibī.dərəšta- > spas-. aibī.gam- > gam-. aibī.gar-: to praise in song. — Cf. OI. abhí gr̥ṇāti. aibī.jarətar-, gar-. aibī.jarətar- agent noun praiser in song. — Cf. OI. jaritár-. aibī.jarətārō NP 6.35.02. aibī.vaēn- > vaēn-. aidiiu- adj.: harmless. — OI. ádyu-. aidiiūš AP 6.40.03. aidiiūnąm GP 6.39.02. aii- > aē-, yā-. aiiah- neut.: kind of metal (bronze, brass, iron). — OI. áyas-. aiiaŋhā IS 1.32.07, 4.51.09 [1.30.07 > yā-]. aiiam- > yam-. aiiar- neut. r/n-stem: day. — Gk. êri. aiiārə̄ NAP 2.43.02. aiiarə̄.daxšāra- masc.-neut.: *day-mark-earnings (tallies of daily work). aiiarə̄.daxšārā NAP 2.43.07. aiiə̄m > aēm. aipī adv., prep./postp. — OI. ápi. aipī: henceforth, hereafter 1.30.11, 1.31.17, 1.32.08. aipī.ciθīt̰ even, also after 1.29.04. aipī + acc.: after, ever since 1.32.03, 3.48.05. aipī.vat- > vat-. airiiaman- masc.: community, genius of the community (Airiiaman). — OI. aryamán-. airiiə̄mā NS 5.54.01. airiiamā 3.49.07. airiiamanascā GAbS 1.33.04, 2.46.01. airiiamnā IS 1.32.01, 1.33.03. ajiiāiti- fem.: lack of livelihood. ajiiātīmcā 1.30.04. jiiātu-. aka- adj.: evil. — OI. áka-. akō NSm 3.47.04. akascā 1.32.05. akə̄m ASm 2.43.05. akəm 1.33.02. akəmcā 1.30.03, 1.33.04. akā ISn 1.32.05, 1.32.05, 2.45.01. akāi DSm 2.43.05. akāt̰ AbSn 1.32.03, 3.47.05, 4.51.06. 3 MAY 16, 2022 – 1:33 PM OLD AVESTAN GLOSSARY ao-, pres. auua- act.: to help, assist. — OI. ávati-. auuāmī Ind 1S 2.44.07. auuā 6.38.05. auuah-, ūθa-. aodar- neut.: cold. — OI. ū̆dhan-. aodərəšcā NAS 4.51.12. aog-, pres. aog- mid.: to declare oneself (as + nom.). — OI. ūh-: óhate, Gk. eûkto. aojōi Ind 1S 1.32.07. aogəmadaēcā Ind 1P 6.41.05. aojī Inj 1S 2.43.08. aogədā Inj 3S 1.32.10. aojāi Su 1S 3.50.11. pairī mid.: to go about declaring(?). pairiiaoγžā Inj 2S 2.43.12. aojiia-, paitiiaogət̰ . aogah- neut.: (body) strength. aogō NAS 1.29.10. ugra-. aojah- neut.: (body) strength. — OI. ójas-. aojaŋhā IS 3.50.03. aojōŋhuuaṇt-, aṣ̌ā.aojah-, ugra-. aojiia- adj. < aog-(?): to be declared (as). aojiiaēšū LPm 2.46.12. †aojiiah- (comp. < ugra-) > aš.aojah-. aojišta- superl. < ugra-: (bodily) strongest. — OI. ójiṣṭha-. aojištō NSm 1.29.03. aojōŋhuuaṇt- adj. < aojah-: (bodily) strong. — OI. ójasvant-. aojōŋhuuaṇtəm ASm 1.34.04. aojōŋhuuat̰ NASn 1.28.06, 1.31.04, 2.43.08, 2.43.16. aorā(cā) adv.: hither. — OI. arvā́ ñc-. aorācā 5.53.07. aošah- neut.: death; sheaf(?). — OI. óṣas-; MP hōšag “sheaf.”. aošō NAS 3.49.01. ap- fem.: water. — OI. áp-, OP. āp(ī-?). apō AP 2.44.04, 6.38.03. apascā 4.51.07, 6.37.01, 6.38.05. apa.aē- > aē-. apa.yam- > yam-. apah- neut.: work. huuapah-, hauuapaŋha-. apaiieitī > apa.aē-. apaouruuiia- adj. < paouruuiia-: having no first, unprecedented. — OI. ápūrvya-. apaouruuīm NASn 1.28.03. apara- adj.: later, future. — OI. ápara-. aparō NSm 2.45.11. aparəm adv.: hereafter 1.31.20. apə̄ma-. apā = apō prev. 1.33.04. — OI. ápa. apə̄ma- adj.: last. — OI. apamá-. apə̄mə̄ NSm 4.51.06. apə̄mē LSm 2.43.05. apə̄mā NSf 2.44.19. akōiiā LSm 4.51.08. akā NAPn 1.32.12. akāiš IPn 2.46.11, 3.49.11. acišta-, aš́ iiah-. ama- force, strength. ə̄mauuaṇt-, spitama-,. amərətāt- fem.: undyingness, immortality. — Cf. OI. amr̥tatvá-. amərətåscā NS 1.33.08. amərətatātəm AS 1.34.01. amərətātascā GS 1.31.06, 1.31.21, 1.32.05. amərətāitī LS 2.45.07, 3.48.01. amərətātā NADu 2.44.17, 2.44.18, 2.45.05, 2.45.10, 3.47.01, 4.51.07. amərətatåscā GDu 1.34.11. aməṣ̌a- adj.: immortal, undying. — OI. amŕ̥ta-. aməṣ̌ə̄ṇg APm 6.39.03. aməṣ̌əm NASn 6.37.04. an- : to breathe. ąnman-, xvāθra-. ana- dem. pron. anā ISm 1.28.05. anāiš IPmn 1.28.09, 1.32.15, 5.53.06, 5.53.08. a-. anaēša- neut. < aēša-: powerless, weak. anaēšō NSm 2.46.02. anaēšəm ASm 1.29.09. anafšman- adj. < afšman-: non-metrical verses(?). anafšmąm NAPn 2.46.17. anaocah- adj.: who dislike one another. — OI. ókas-.“pleasure.”. anaocaŋhā NADum 2.44.15. aniia- adj.: other. — OI. anyá-. aniiō NSm 1.29.01, 3.50.01, 5.53.05. aniiə̄m ASm 1.34.07, 2.46.07. ainim 5.53.05. aniiə̄ṇg APm 2.44.11, 2.45.11. aniiācā NAPn 2.44.03. aniiadā adv.: elsewhere. aniiadacā 6.35.02. aniiāθā adv.: otherwise, in another way 4.51.10. — OI. anyáthā. anū pre/postpos., adv.: along. ə̄əānū 1.32.16, 3.47.02. aṇgra- adj.: evil. — Skt. asra-. aṇgrō NSm 2.44.12, 2.44.12, 2.44.12. aṇgrəm ASm 2.45.02. aṇgrə̄ṇg APm 2.43.15. aṇgriia-, ąsta-. aṇgriia- neut.? < aṇgra-: evilness. aṇgriiā IS 3.48.10. aṇtarə prev., pre/postp. + acc.: between 1.33.07, 3.49.03. — OI. antár, OP. antar. aṇtarə.car- > car-. aṇtarə.mrao- > mrao- 3.49.03. aŋhaiiā > hā-. aŋvhī- fem. < ahu- 2: lady. aŋvhīšcā NP 1.32.11. 4 MAY 16, 2022 – 1:33 PM OLD AVESTAN GLOSSARY aspā- fem.: mare. — OI. áśvā-. aspå NAP 2.44.18. haēcat̰ .aspa-, haēcat̰ .aspānā-. aspə̄n- adj. < spə̄n: which does not vitalize, which produces no vitalization. aspə̄ṇcā NASn 2.45.09. aspə̄ncīt̰ 1.34.07. asrušti- fem.: lack of readiness to listen, refusal to listen. — Cf. OI. śruṣṭi-. asruštīm AS 1.33.04. asruštōiš GS 2.44.13. asruštā LS 2.43.12. srao-, səraoša-. ast- neut.: bone. — OI. ásthi-/asthn-. ascīt̰ NAS(P?) 2.46.18. azdəbīšcā IP 6.37.03. astuuaṇt-. astəṇtāt- fem. < ast-: boniness. — Cf. OI. asthanvánt-. astəṇtåscā NS 6.41.03. asti- masc.: guest. — OI. átithi-. astiš NS 1.31.22. astīm AS 1.33.02. astaiiō NP 2.46.11, 3.49.11. astuuaṇt- adj. < ast-: (consisting) of bones, with bones. — Cf. OI. asthanvánt-. astuuaṇtəm ASm 1.31.11. astuuaitē DSm 1.34.14. astuuatō GSm 2.43.03. astuuatascā 1.28.02. astuuat̰ NASn 2.43.16. asurunuuaṇt- pres. part. < srao-/sru-: who does not listen. asurunuuatascā APm 6.35.04. asūna- (< *āsūna-?) adj.: *full of vitalizing power. asūnā NAPn 1.28.10. asūra- adj. < YAv. sura-: not having vitalizing power. — Cf. OI. śū̆ra-. asūrahiiā GSm 1.29.09. aš.aojah- adj. < aš° + aojah-: having great (bodily) strength. aš.aojå NSm 1.34.08. aš.xratu- adj. < xratu-: having great guiding thought. aš.xratuš NSm 1.31.09. duš.xratu-. ašī- neut. dual: (evil) eyes. ašibiiā IDu 1.32.10. ašta- masc.: *messenger. aštō NS 4.51.12. aš́ iiah- compar. < aka-: worse, more evil. aš́ iiō NASn 4.51.06. aš́ iiascā 3.48.04. aṣ̌a- neut.: Order. — OI. r̥tá-. aṣ̌əmNAS 1.27.14, 1.27.14, 1.28.11, 1.29.02, 1.29.11, 1.30.05, 1.31.04, 1.31.07, 1.31.19, 1.31.22, 1.34.08, 2.43.01, 2.43.10, 2.43.12, 2.43.16, 2.44.06, 2.46.07, 2.46.15, 3.49.03, 4.51.04, 4.51.08, 4.51.10, 4.51.20, 4.51.21, 6.35.09, 6.37.04. apə̄məm NASn (adv.?) 5.53.07. apə̄məm adv.: in the end 1.30.04, 2.45.03, 3.48.04, 4.51.14. apara-. ar-, pres. īra-, aor. ar-, perf. ār-: act.: to set in motion; mid.: to move. — OI. íyarti/ī́rte, aor. ar-, perf. ār-. *īrā Imp 2S 3.49.10. īratū Imp 3S 5.53.08. arə̄m AorInj 1S 2.44.08. ārōi Pf 3S 1.33.09, 1.34.03, 3.50.05. ā act.: to set in motion hither. ārəm AorInj 1S 2.43.10. frā mid.: to move forth. frō ... frārəṇtē AorSu 3P 2.46.03. paitī: to *turn away. paitī.ərətē Inf? 2.44.12. us mid.: to rise up. uzārəšuuā AorImp 2S 1.33.12. uzirəidiiāi Inf 2.43.12, 2.43.14. frōrəiti-, xvārəmna-. ar-: to obtain. — OI. r̥ṇóti. uruuānē Inf(?) 1.31.02(?). arəθa-, ərəši-, ərəšiiā-, ərəšuua-. arədat̰ adv.: successfully(?) 3.50.11. arədra- masc.: successful poet-sacrificer of old, “heavenly sponsor”. arədrō NS 2.43.03, 2.46.09. arədrax́iiācā GS 3.50.08. arədrā NP 1.34.07. arədrə̄ṇg AP 3.48.08, 3.50.04. arədrāiš IP 2.46.16. arə̄̆m postpos. + abl.: *in agreement with 4.51.14. — OI. áram. arəθa- neut.: sth. to be obtained, objective. — OI. ártha-. arəθahiiā GS 2.44.05. arəθā NAP 1.33.08, 2.43.13. arə̄m.man- > man-. arə̄m.piθβā- fem.: noon (meal). — Cf. OI. °pitvá-?. arə̄m.piθβā NS 2.44.05. arə̄m vaēidiiāi > ar-, vaēidiia-. arj-, pres. arəja- act.: to deserve. — OI. árhati. arəjat̰ Inj 3S 3.50.10. aršənuuaṇt- adj. (only fem.) < YAv. aršan-: having a stallion. — Cf. OI. r̥ṣabhá-, Gk. ársēn. *aršənuuaitīš NAPf 2.44.18. asan- masc.: stone. — OI. áśan-. asə̄nō 1.30.05. asišta-, superl. of āsu-: fastest. — OI. ā́ śiṣṭha-. asištā NPm 1.30.10. asīšti-: *instruction. — Cf. OI. śiṣṭi-?. asīštiš NS 2.44.09. as@īštīm AS 1.34.04. asna- adj.: near. — < *Hṇzd-na-. asnāt̰ AbS/adv. 2.45.01. nazdišta-. asnąm > azan-. 5 MAY 16, 2022 – 1:33 PM OLD AVESTAN GLOSSARY aṣ̌āunō AP 2.43.15, 6.40.03. aṣ̌auuabiiō DAbP 1.30.11, 5.53.04. aṣ̌āunąm GP 3.49.10, 6.37.03, 6.39.02. aṣ̌aonī-. aṣ̌ā.aojah- adj.: strong through Order. aṣ̌ā.aojaŋhō GSm 2.43.04. aṣ̌ā.yuxti- fem.: harnessing of Order. — OI. r̥táyukti-. aṣ̌ā.yuxtā LS 3.49.09. aṣ̌i- fem.: obtainment > reward, Reward. — < ar“obtain.”. aṣ̌iš NS 1.33.13, 3.48.09. aṣ̌īm AS 1.28.07, 2.43.05, 2.43.16, 2.46.10, 4.51.21, 5.54.01, 6.38.02. aṣ̌ī IS 2.43.12, 4.51.10. aṣ̌īcā 1.31.04. aṣ̌ōiš GS 3.48.08, 3.50.03, 3.50.09. aṣ̌īš AP 1.34.12, 2.43.01, 2.43.04, 2.43.12. aṣ̌īšcā 1.28.04. aṣ̌iuuaṇt- adj. < aṣ̌i-: with rewards, who holds the rewards. aṣ̌iuuå NSm 4.51.05. at̰ part.: then, so, thus, but; particle which connects a statement with what precedes, either as as a contrast. at̰ 1.28.10, 1.28.10, 1.29.05, 1.29.06, 1.29.06, 1.29.11, 1.30.01, 1.30.03, 1.30.04, 1.30.06, 1.30.07, 1.30.08, 1.30.10, 1.30.11, 1.31.02, 1.31.08, 1.31.10, 1.31.18, 1.32.03, 1.33.02, 1.33.02, 1.33.03, 1.33.03, 1.33.08, 1.33.09, 1.33.14, 1.34.03, 1.34.04, 1.34.04, 1.34.06, 1.34.11, 1.34.15, 2.43.03, 2.43.04, 2.43.05, 2.43.07, 2.43.08, 2.43.08, 2.43.09, 2.43.09, 2.43.10, 2.43.11, 2.43.12, 2.43.13, 2.43.15, 2.43.15, 2.43.16, 2.44.01, 2.44.16, 2.44.20, 2.45.01, 2.45.02, 2.45.03, 2.45.04, 2.45.04, 2.45.05, 2.45.06, 2.45.08, 2.46.04, 2.46.06, 2.46.12, 2.46.13, 2.46.14, 3.47.03, 3.48.01, 3.48.03, 3.48.06, 3.48.07, 3.48.12, 3.49.01, 3.49.02, 3.49.05, 3.49.11, 3.50.04, 3.50.07, 3.50.08, 3.50.08, 3.50.09, 3.50.10, 3.50.11, 4.51.06, 4.51.08, 4.51.10, 5.53.07, 6.35.03, 6.35.05, 6.35.07, 6.35.07, 6.35.09, 6.36.06, 6.37.02, 6.37.03, 6.37.04, 6.38.03, 6.40.01, 6.40.03. at̰ cīt̰ 1.31.01, 3.50.03. at̰ cā 1.29.09, 1.30.04, 1.30.08, 1.30.09, 1.34.02, 2.43.02, 3.49.03, 5.53.02, 5.53.04, 5.53.07. aθā adv. (correl. yaθā): thus, in that way. — OI. áthā̆; also corr’s to táthā. aθā 1.27.13, 1.29.01, 1.29.04, 1.31.18, 1.32.06, 1.34.06, 1.34.07, 2.44.06, 3.47.04, 4.51.16, 5.53.03, 5.53.06, 6.35.06, 6.35.06, 6.39.04, 6.39.04, 6.39.04, 6.39.04, 6.39.04, 6.40.04, 6.40.04, 6.40.04, 6.40.04, 6.41.03. aθrā adv. (correl. yaθrā): here, there. — OI. átra; also corr’s to tátra. aθrā 1.31.12, 2.46.16. auruna- adj.: wild. — OI. aruṇá-. aṣ̌əmcā 1.28.09, 1.33.11, 1.34.01, 3.49.06, 6.37.01. aṣ̌ā IS 1.28.01, 1.28.03, 1.28.05, 1.28.06, 1.28.07, 1.28.08, 1.29.03, 1.29.07, 1.29.10, 1.31.05, 1.31.13, 1.31.16, 1.32.02, 1.33.06, 1.33.07, 1.33.08, 1.33.12, 1.33.13, 1.34.02, 1.34.04, 1.34.05, 1.34.06, 1.34.07, 1.34.09, 1.34.11, 1.34.12, 1.34.14, 2.43.02, 2.43.06, 2.44.01, 2.44.02, 2.44.08, 2.44.09, 2.44.10, 2.44.15, 2.44.18, 2.44.20, 2.45.06, 2.45.08, 2.45.09, 2.45.10, 2.46.02, 2.46.09, 2.46.12, 2.46.13, 2.46.16, 2.46.17, 2.46.18, 3.48.01, 3.48.03, 3.48.06, 3.48.07, 3.48.08, 3.48.09, 3.48.11, 3.48.12, 3.49.01, 3.49.05, 3.49.07, 3.49.12, 3.50.02, 3.50.03, 3.50.04, 3.50.05, 3.50.06, 3.50.07, 3.50.08, 3.50.09, 3.50.10, 3.50.11, 4.51.01, 4.51.03, 4.51.11, 4.51.16, 4.51.18, 5.53.05, 6.35.03, 6.36.04. aṣ̌ācā 1.30.07, 1.30.09, 1.31.03, 1.33.10, 1.34.15. aṣ̌ācīt̰ 1.34.13. aṣ̌āi DS 1.27.14, 1.30.08, 2.44.14, 2.46.09, 2.46.10. aṣ̌āicā 1.29.08, 1.32.09, 1.34.03, 4.51.15, 6.35.05, 6.41.01. aṣ̌ā.yecā, aṣ̌āi.yecā DS 1.30.01, 1.33.14, 4.51.02. aṣ̌āt̰ AbS 1.28.02, 1.31.02, 1.32.12, 1.33.05, 2.43.14, 2.44.17, 2.45.04, 2.46.19, 3.47.01, 3.49.02, 3.50.01, 4.51.05, 4.51.22, 5.53.01, 6.38.01. aṣ̌āat̰ cā AbS 1.28.10, 1.32.04, 6.35.10. aṣ̌āt̰ cīt̰ 1.27.13, 1.29.06. aṣ̌ahiiā GS 1.28.04, 1.31.01, 1.31.06, 1.31.08, 1.32.13, 1.33.03, 1.34.10, 2.43.09, 2.44.03, 2.44.13, 2.46.03, 2.46.04, 3.47.02, 3.49.08, 4.51.13, 4.51.17, 5.53.03, 5.54.01, 6.35.08, 6.35.08, 6.39.05. aṣ̌ax́iiācā 1.30.10, 1.31.21, 3.47.06, 6.40.02, 6.41.06. aṣ̌aēcā LS 1.32.06. aṣ̌ā.aojah-, aṣ̌ā.yuxti-, də̄jīt̰ .arəta-. aṣ̌acinah- adj. < aṣ̌a- + °cinah-: loving Order. aṣ̌acinaŋhō NAPm 6.40.03. aṣ̌aŋhāk- adj. < aṣ̌a- + hak-: in the company of Order. aṣ̌aŋhācim ASm 6.41.03. aṣ̌aonī- adj. fem. < aṣ̌auuan-. aṣ̌aonī NS 5.53.04. aṣ̌aoxšaiiaṇt- adj. (< aṣ̌a- + uxšaiia-): which make Order grow. aṣ̌aoxšaiiaṇtå GDum 1.33.09. vaxš-. aṣ̌auuan- masc.: follower of Order. aṣ̌auuā NS 1.31.17, 2.44.12, 2.46.05, 2.46.06, 2.46.06, 2.46.14, 3.48.02, 5.53.09. aṣ̌auuanəm AS 1.31.10, 1.31.20, 2.46.09, 4.51.09. aṣ̌aonē DS 1.33.01, 1.33.03. aṣ̌āunē 1.30.04, 1.32.10, 2.43.08, 3.47.04, 3.47.05. aṣ̌āunaēcā 2.43.04. aṣ̌aonō GS 1.32.11, 3.47.04. aṣ̌āunō 1.31.14, 2.45.07. aṣ̌auuanō NP 6.40.04. 6 MAY 16, 2022 – 1:33 PM OLD AVESTAN GLOSSARY azə̄mcīt̰ 1.29.10. mā AS encl. 1.28.11, 1.29.01, 1.29.01, 1.29.01, 1.29.11, 1.32.09, 1.32.10, 1.32.11, 1.33.07, 2.43.07, 2.43.07, 2.43.09, 2.43.09, 2.43.10, 2.43.11, 2.43.13, 2.43.15, 2.44.12, 2.45.06, 2.46.01, 2.46.07, 2.46.08, 2.46.09, 2.46.09, 3.48.02, 3.49.02, 3.50.02, 4.51.10. maibiiō DS 1.28.02, 1.31.04, 2.43.14, 2.46.03, 3.48.08, 4.51.10. maibiiā DS 2.46.18. maibiiācā 1.28.07, 1.28.08, 3.49.08. mōi GDS encl. 1.28.03, 1.29.01, 1.29.01, 1.29.08, 1.31.05, 1.31.05, 1.31.06, 1.33.08, 1.33.11, 1.33.11, 1.33.12, 1.33.13, 1.34.06, 1.34.13, 1.34.15, 2.43.01, 2.43.04, 2.43.10, 2.43.11, 2.43.11, 2.43.12, 2.43.12, 2.43.12, 2.43.13, 2.44.01, 2.44.02, 2.44.03, 2.44.04, 2.44.05, 2.44.06, 2.44.07, 2.44.08, 2.44.09, 2.44.09, 2.44.10, 2.44.10, 2.44.11, 2.44.12, 2.44.13, 2.44.14, 2.44.15, 2.44.16, 2.44.16, 2.44.17, 2.44.17, 2.44.18, 2.44.18, 2.44.19, 2.45.03, 2.45.05, 2.45.05, 2.46.07, 2.46.08, 2.46.10, 2.46.18, 2.46.19, 2.46.19, 3.48.02, 3.48.09, 3.49.01, 3.49.01, 3.50.01, 3.50.01, 4.51.02, 4.51.07, 4.51.17, 4.51.18, 4.51.22. vaēm, ma- [mə̄ nā 3.50.01 > ma-, nar-]. azan- neut. r/n-stem: day. — OI. áhan-. asnąm GP 2.46.03, 3.50.10. azdā.zūiti- fem.: *explicit invocation. — OI. addhā́ . azdā.zūtā LS 3.50.01. azī- adj. (only fem.): (cow) who has had a calf), milch(cow). — OI. ahī́-. azīm AS 2.44.06. aziiå GS 1.29.05, 1.34.14. azī NADu 2.46.19. azīšcā NAP 6.38.05. aurunā NAPn 1.34.09. auruuaṇt- adj.: fleet (courser). — OI. árvant-. auruuatō 3.50.07. auua- dem. pron.: that, yonder. — OI. avóḥ DG, OP. auua-, nom. hauv. *auuə̄m ASm 3.49.10. auuā ISm 2.44.17. auuāiš IPmn 1.32.15, 2.44.15. auuaēšąm GPm 1.29.03. auuąm ASf 2.44.19. auuat̰ NASn 1.29.10, 1.31.06, 1.31.15, 1.31.16, 3.49.12, 6.36.06. auuā NAPn 1.33.06. auua- > ao-. auua.zā- > zā-. auuaētāt- fem.: the word auuōi “woe!”. auuaētās NS 1.31.20. auuah- neut.: help, assistance. auuō NAS 1.29.09, 1.32.14. auuaŋhā IS 3.50.05. auuaŋ́hē DS 3.50.07. auuaŋhō GS 3.49.12, 3.50.01. auuå NAP 2.43.04. ciθrā.auuah-, ao-, ūθa-. auuaṇt- adj. < a-: that much. — Pa. āwend, MP. and. auuat̰ NASn 1.28.04. yauuaṇt-. auuaŋhāna- neut.: unharnessing. — OI. avasā́ na-. auuaŋhānē LS 1.33.05. hā-. auuapasti- fem. < pat-: falling down. auuapastōiš AbS 2.44.04. auuarə̄ adv.: come hither! (to: + acc.) 1.29.11. — OI. aváḥ. auuazaza- > zā-. auuā prev.: down upon. auuā 2.44.13. auuā.dā- > dā-. auuā.bao- > bao-. auuā.saok- > saok-. auuāstriia- adj. < vāstriia-: who is not a forager. auuāstriiō NSm 1.31.10. auuōi particle: woe!. auuōi 2.45.03. auuaētāt-. axšaiiaṇt- adj. < xšaiiaṇt-: who does not rule, who has no command. axšaiiaṇtascā APm 6.35.04. axštat̰ > stā-. axti- fem.: pain. — OI. (śīrṣ)aktí-. axtiš NS 6.36.01. axtōiiōi DS 6.36.01. az-, pres. aza- act.: to drive (away). — OI. ájati. t̰ azə̄ Inj 2S(?) 2.43.14. azāθā Su 2P 3.50.07. azə̄m pers. pron. 1 sing.: I. — OI. ahám, mā, máhyam, me. azə̄mNS 2.44.07, 2.44.11. Ā ā adv.: here (and now), currently, at present. — OI. ā́ . 1.29.09, 1.30.09(?), 1.31.07, 1.32.08, 1.32.14, 1.32.15, 1.34.11, 2.43.09, 2.44.12, 3.49.06, 5.53.06, 5.54.01. Pre/postp. + acc. 1.30.06, 2.43.08, 2.44.11, 2.44.13, 2.46.08, 4.51.03. Pre/postp. + abl. 1.30.10, 1.31.09, 1.31.21, 1.33.05, 1.33.06, 2.44.01, 2.44.13, 2.45.08, 2.45.09, 3.47.05, 3.48.07, 4.51.14, 4.51.04, 6.39.03. Pre/postp. + loc. 1.34.03, 1.34.10, 3.48.07, 3.49.08, 3.49.10. > aē-, ah-, āp-, bao-, bar-, baxš-, dīuu-, dā-, gam-, hā-, kas-, mrao-, nās-, pars-, rap-, stā, šaē-, vaēd-, vaēn-, mrao-, yā-. ācā > ā.vaēd- > vaēd-. ād- pres. perf. act.: to say. — OI. ā́ ha, ā́ hur. ādā 1S 6.35.08. ādarə̄ 3P 2.43.15. 7 MAY 16, 2022 – 1:33 PM OLD AVESTAN GLOSSARY Ahura mazdā’s daughter (and wife). — OI. arámati-. ārmaitiš NS 1.28.03, 1.30.07, 1.31.09, 1.31.12, 1.34.11, 2.43.06, 2.43.16, 2.44.06, 2.44.11, 2.45.04, 2.46.16, 3.48.11, 3.49.10, 4.51.04, 4.51.11, 4.51.20. ārmaitišcā 1.33.11. ārmaitē VS 1.28.07, 1.33.13, 2.43.01, 3.48.05, 4.51.02. ārmaitīm AS 1.32.02, 1.34.09, 1.34.10, 2.44.07, 3.47.03, 3.49.02, 6.37.05. ārmaitī IS 1.31.04, 1.33.12, 2.43.10, 3.47.01. ārmatōiš GS 2.44.10, 2.45.10, 2.46.12, 3.47.02, 3.47.06, 3.49.05, 4.51.21, 5.53.03, 6.39.05. ārmataiiō NP 6.38.02. āskəiti- fem. < hak-: *following, *patronage. āskəitīm AS 2.44.17. āsti- adj.?: drivable(?). — Cf. RV. āsthātár-? āstīš NAPm 2.43.03. āsu- adj.: fast. — OI. āśú-. āsū NADu 2.44.04. asišta-. ātar- masc.: fire. ātarš NS 6.36.03. ātarə VS 6.36.02, 6.36.03. ātrə̄mAS 1.34.04. āθrā IS 1.31.19, 3.47.06, 4.51.09. āθrācā 1.31.03. āθrē DS 2.43.09. āθrō GS 2.43.04, 6.36.01. āθrascā 2.46.07. āt̰ = at̰ . āat̰ 6.35.08, 6.38.01, 6.39.01, 6.39.02, 6.39.03. āt̰ 6.35.06, 6.35.09, 6.37.01, 6.39.01. āθri- *fear: *misfortune (Pahl. āhr dread) āθriš NS 2.46.08. āuuarənah- neut. or āuuarənā- fem. < var-: preference. āuuarənå NAP 1.30.02. āuuiš adv.: apparent, visible; + ah-: to appear. — Skt. āviḥ. āuuiš 1.33.07. āuuišiia- adj. < āuuiš: apparent, visible. — Cf. Skt. āviṣṭya-. āuuišiiā NSf 1.31.13, 3.50.05. ā.var- ?: to restrain, impede(?). āuuərətō NSm 2.45.01. āxšti- > ə̄nāxštā. ā.xvaiθiia- > ā, xvaiθiia-. āzī > ā.dā- > dā-. āzūiti- fem. < zao-: libation. — OI. ā́ huti-. āzūitīšcā NS 3.49.05. āzūitīm AS 6.38.02. āzūtōiš GS 1.29.07. āždiiāi > nas-. āžu- masc.: *chariot pole. — OI. akṣú-? āžuš NS 5.53.07. ādā- fem. < dā-: *presentation. ādā IS 1.33.12, (VS?) 3.49.01. ādāi DS 1.33.11. adāiš IP(?) 3.48.01, 6.35.04. adāhū LP 6.40.01. ādāna- neut. < dā-: *assignment. ādānāiš IP 1.30.07. ādišti- fem. < daēs-: indication. — Cf. OI. diṣṭí-, ādeśá-. ādištiš NS 2.44.08. ādra- adj.: weak, needy. — OI. ādhrá-. ādrə̄ṇg APm 1.29.03. nāidiiah-. āgəmata- masc./neut. < gam-: (path) of access. āgəmat̰ .tā ISm/n 2.44.08. āh- neut.: mouth. — OI. ās-. ə̄əåŋhā IS 1.28.11. åŋhō GS 1.31.03. †ā.hōiθōi > haēθa-. āhūriia- adj. < ahura-: belonging to/typical of an ahura. āhūriiā NAPn 6.37.03. āi- > aē-, yā. āiiapta- neut.: booty. — < āiia “on the earth” + pta“falling”? āiiaptā NAP 1.28.02, 1.28.07, 5.53.01. āiiasa- ?: *clutches(?). āiiesē LS 5.53.06. āiiu-/yao- neut.: lifespan. — OI. ā́ yu-/yóḥ. āiiū NAS 1.31.20. yaouuē DS 1.28.08, 6.40.02, 6.41.02, 6.41.06. yauuōi DS 2.46.11, 3.49.08, 5.53.01, 5.53.04. yaoš GS 2.43.13, 2.46.18. yauuā IS/adv. 1.29.09, 3.49.01 (with wordplay on yauuā < yauua-). darəgāiiu-, yauuaējī-, yauuaēsū-, yauuaētāt-. āiθi- fem.: fear. āiθiš NS 3.48.09. āiθīšcīt̰ 1.32.16. ākå prep./postp. + loc.: in view of, in the presence of. — *āka-Hh- < *āh-? ākå 3.48.08, 3.50.04, 4.51.13. ākāstə̄ṇg 3.50.02. ākərəiti- fem.: *norm. — OI. ā́ ktr̥ti-. ākərəitiš NS 3.48.02. ānuš.hā̆k- adj. < anu- + hak-: following along (+ instr.). — OI. ānuṣák. ānuš.haxš NSf 1.31.12. āp-, perf. āp-: to reach, obtain. apaēmā Op 1P 6.41.02. ā.ap-(?): to reach, obtain. apānō ... ā PrPt NSm 1.33.05. āpana- ?: attainment. — Skt. āpana-. āpanāiš PrPt IPn 1.28.10. ārəzuua- adj. < ərəzu-: typical of that which is straight. ārəzuuā ISm 1.33.01. āri- ? < arə̄m?: right quantity(?). — < ar- “to fit”; cf. arə̄̆m? ārōiš ā AbS 4.51.04, 4.51.14. ārmaiti- fem.: AÚrmaiti, genius/goddess of the earth and 8 MAY 16, 2022 – 1:33 PM OLD AVESTAN GLOSSARY åŋh- > ah-, āh-. receive as one’s portion. baxšaitī Ind 3S 3.47.05, 3.50.03. baxštā AorInj 3S Mid 1.31.10. ā mid.: to get a share in. ābaxšō.huuā Imp 2S Mid 1.33.10. bā part.: ? 6.35.05. bāga- m.: share, portion. — OI. bhāgá-. bāgəm AS 4.51.01. bāzao- : arm. darəgō.bāzao-. bərət- > vaiiū.bərədubiiō 5.53.06. bərəxδa- adj. < YAv. barg-: esteemed, exalted(?). bərəxδē VSf 3.48.06. bərəxδąm ASf 1.32.09, 1.34.09, 2.44.07, 4.51.17. bəzuuaṇt- adj.: *numerous. — Cf. OI. bahú-? bəzuuaitē DSmn 6.40.03. bə̄ədu- ?: ??. bə̄əduš 5.53.04. bə̄ṇduua- masc. < •band?: *binder. bə̄ṇduuō NS 3.49.01. bə̄ṇduuahiiā GS 3.49.02. brātar- masc.: brother. — OI. bhrā́ tar-. brātā NS 2.45.11. buua- < bao-. būiri- adj.; neut.: plentiful; plenty. — OI. bhū̆ri-. būiricā NAPn 6.40.01. būrōiš AbS 1.31.21. būj(i)- fem.: expiation. — OI. bhúj-, bhují-. būjim AS 1.31.13. būmī- fem.: earth. — OI. bhū̆mī-. būmiiå GS 1.32.03. būmīmcā AS 6.37.01. būna- masc.: bottom. — OI. budhná-. būnōi LS 5.53.07. būš- ?: to *adorn. — OI. bhū̆ṣati. būždiiāi Inf 2.44.17. būšti- fem. < būš-: *adornment. būštīš AP 2.43.08. Å Ą ąnman- neut. < an-: breath, breeze. — < an- “to breathe.” ąnmā NAS 1.30.07. ąnmə̄nē DS 2.44.20. ąnmə̄nī LS 2.45.10. ąsa- masc.: premium. — OI. áṁśa-. ąsaiiå GDu 1.31.02. ąsaš́ uiti- fem. < ąsa- + š́ uiti- < š́ iiao-: the sending forth of the premiums (of victory). ąsaš́ utā LS 3.48.01. ąsta- masc.: misery. — < *ąh-, cf. aṇgra-. ąstā IS 1.34.08. ąstāi DS 2.46.18. ąstə̄ṇg AP 2.46.18. ąstąscā 2.44.14. B baē-, pres. biia-: to frighten. — OI. bháyate. biieṇtē Ind 3P Mid(?) 1.34.08. baēš- : to heal. ahūm.biš-. baga- masc.: distributor(?). — OI. bhága-. bagā VS(?) 1.32.08. baj- > baxš-. ban-, pres. caus. bąnaiia- act.: to make sick. bąnaiiən Inj 3P 1.30.06. bao-/bu-, pres. bauua-, aor. bu- act.: to become. bauuaiṇtī Ind 3P 1.33.10. buuat̰ AorSu 3S 1.30.09. buuaṇticā AorSu 3P 2.45.07. buiiāmā AorOp 1P 6.41.04. auuā: to come down, descend(?). auuā ... auuō.buuaitīAorSu 3S 1.30.10. ā: to become present. ā ... bauuat̰ Inj 3S 1.28.11. baod-, pres. baoda- act.: to be conscious. paitī: to pay attention to. baodaṇtō paitī PrPt NAPm 1.30.02. bar-, pres. bar-, bara-, pres. pass. bairiia-: to carry, lift up. - — OI. bhárti, bhárati. baraitī Ind 3S 1.31.12, 3.50.06, 6.38.01. barətū Imp 3S 1.33.09. ā.bar-: to bring (to) bairiiåṇtē ... ā Su 3P Mid 1.32.15. aibī.bairišta-, mōiiastrā.barana-, vaiiū.bərət-. barəziman- neut.: height. barəzimanąm GP 6.36.06. barəzišta-, superl. < YAv. bərəzaṇt-: highest. — OI. bárhiṣṭha-. barəzištəm NASn 6.36.06. baxš-, pres. baxša-, aor. baxš-; act.: to distribute; mid.: to C ca- indef. pron.: any(body). cahiiā 3.48.09, 3.50.01. ka-, ci-. caē-, pres. cinao-/cinu-, aor. caē-/ci-: to pick, sort out, make the accounts. cinuuatō PrPt GSm 2.46.10, 2.46.11, 4.51.13. vī: to distinguish, discriminate (between/ among: gen.). vīcinaot̰ Inj 3S 2.46.17 (+ acc.). vīcaiiaθā AorSu 2P 2.46.15. vīš́ iiātā AorInj 3P Mid 1.30.03, 1.30.06. vīcidiiāi Inf 1.31.05, 3.49.06. vīcira-, vīciθa-. caēš- > kaēš-. caēt- > kaēt-. caēθ- > kaēθ-. cag-, perf. cag-?: to give (a gift). 9 MAY 16, 2022 – 1:33 PM OLD AVESTAN GLOSSARY ciθra- adj. < kaēt-: brilliant, distinctive. — OI. citrá-. ciθrə̄ NSm 2.45.01. ciθrå NAPf 1.33.07. ciθrā ISmn 1.31.22. ciθrā NAPn 2.44.16. ciθra- neut.: seed(?). ciθrəm NAS 1.32.03. ciθrā.auuah- adj. < ciθra- + auuah-: with brilliant help. ciθrā.auuaŋhəm ASm 1.34.04. cixšnuša- adj. < xšnao-: which wishes to please. cixšnušō NSm 1.32.08, 2.43.15, 2.45.09. cixšnušā ISmn(?) 3.49.01. -cīt̰ emph. part.: even, just, him(her, it)self, etc. cagəmā 1P 6.38.03. caguuå PfPt NSm 2.46.02. cagədax- ?: *dispenser of gifts. cagədō NS 4.51.20. caiias > ci-. car-, pres. cara-: to walk, career. aṇtarə: to go between. aṇtarə.caraitī 4.51.01. carā̆t- adj. < car-: walking, on foot. caratascā AbS 4.51.12. carəkərəθra- neut. < kar-: poem of praise. — OI. carkarti. carəkərəθrā NAP 1.29.08. caš- : to see. cašman-, vourucašān-. cašman- neut. < caš-: eye. cašmə̄ṇg GS 1.31.13. cašmainī LS 1.31.08, 2.45.08. cašmąm NAP 3.50.10. caxri- masc. kar-: frequent doer. caxraiiō NP 1.34.07. cazdōŋhuuaṇt- adj.: *favorite(?). cazdōŋhuuaṇtəm AS 2.44.05. cazdōŋhuuadəbiiō DP 1.31.03. -cā encl. conj.: and; -cā ... -cā: both ... and. Passim. ci- interr. pron. nom. sing. masc. ci-: who. ciš 1.31.18, 2.43.07. -cīt̰ > -cīt̰ . -cā indef. pron.: (who)ever. yōi ... caiiascā 2.45.05. yastē cišcā 2.43.16. yā ... cīcā 3.47.05. naē- indef. pron.: nobody, nothing. naēciš 2.43.06, 2.43.13. naēcīm 1.34.07. naēcīt̰ 1.32.07. ciciθβan- adj. < kaēt-: who understands. — OI. cikitván-. cicī.θβā NSm 2.43.02. ciiə̄ŋvhīt̰ ?: ?? 2.44.12. cikōit- < kaēt-. °cinah- < kan-: loving. — OI. cánas-. aṣ̌acinah-. °cinā emph. part.: even. — OI. °canā. daēuuā°, dauuąs°. cinuuaṇt- > caē-. cisti- fem. < kaēt-: *illumination, understanding. — OI. cittí-. cistiš NS 1.30.09, 3.48.11. cistīm AS 4.51.16, 4.51.18. cistī IS 3.47.02, 4.51.21. cistōiš GS 2.44.10, 3.48.05, 6.36.04. hucisti-. -cistā > kaēt-. ciθənā interr. part. < *cit̰ + nā: what, is it true that? 2.44.20. D dab-, pres. dəbənao-, pres. desid. diβža-, aor. daba-: deceive; caus. dābaiia-: to make sb. deceive sb. else (cf. dbao-). — OI. dabhnóti, dípsati. dəbənaotā Inj 2P 1.32.05. dabən AorInj 3P 5.53.01. dābaiieitī Ind 3S 2.43.06. diβžaidiiāi Inf 2.45.04. daē-/dī-, pres. daidī-, pres. desid. dīša-: to see (with inner vision). daidiiat̰ Su 3S 2.44.10. vī: to see clearly(?). vīdīšəmnāi PrPtMid DSm 4.51.01. daēnā-. daēnā- (trisyllabic): daēnā, man’s “visionary” faculty; personified as the sum total of man’s twords, and deeds. daēnā NS 1.31.20, 2.44.11, 2.45.11, 2.46.11, 3.49.04, 4.51.13, 5.54.01. daēnąm AS 2.44.09, 2.44.10, 3.48.04, 3.49.05, 3.49.06, 5.53.02, 6.37.05. daēnā IS 4.51.21 daēnaiia IS 4.51.19. daēnaiiāi DS 2.46.07, 4.51.17, 5.53.04. daēnaiiå GS 5.53.01. daēnå NAP 1.33.13, 1.34.13, 2.45.02, 2.46.06, 3.49.09, 6.39.02. daēnåscā 1.31.11. daēnābīš IP 5.53.05. daēnābiiō DP 6.40.01, 6.41.05. duž.daēna-. daēs-/dis-, pres. dōis-?, pres. intens. act. daēdōis-, aor. dāiš-/dōiš-: to show; intens. to keep showing, show off. daēdōišt Inj 3S 4.51.17. dāiš AorInj 2S 2.43.10. dōišā AorSu 1S/AorPass 3S(?) 4.51.02. dōišī AorImp 2S(?) 1.33.13. ādišti-. daēuua- masc.: daēuua; the ancient Indo-Iran. gods, now followers of the Lie. daēuuā NVP 1.32.01, 1.32.03, 2.44.20. daēuuācinā 1.30.06. 10 MAY 16, 2022 – 1:33 PM OLD AVESTAN GLOSSARY darəz-, pres. desid. dīdərəža- act.: to wish to hold/keep firmly. — OI. dŕ̥ṁhati. dīdərəžō 2.44.15. dərəš, dərəz-. daršti- fem. < dars-> spas-: act of seeing. — OI. dŕ̥ṣṭi-. darštōišcā GS 1.33.06. dasā num.: ten. — OI. dáśa. dasā 2.44.18. dasəma- masc.?: *offering. dasəmē LS 1.28.09. daθra- neut. < dā-: container. — OI. dátra-. daθrəm NAS 1.34.13. dauua- > dao-. daxš-, pres. daxša-?: to *benefit, *mark(?). daxšat̰ Inj 3S 2.43.15. daxštəm PPP NASn(?) 1.34.06, 4.51.09. daxš-, pres. daxšaiia-: to *hit the mark(?). frā act.: to launch. fradaxšaiiā Imp 2S 1.33.13. fradaxštar-. daxšar- > aiiarə̄.daxšārā. dax́iiu- fem.: land. dax́iiūm AS 1.31.18. dax́iiə̄uš GS 1.31.16, 2.46.01, 2.46.04. dax́iiunąm GP 3.48.10, 3.48.12. dā-, pres. dadā/dad-, dāiia-, aor. dā-/d-, ppp. dāta-: to give, make, establish, assign; mid.: to take, receive. — OI. dā-, dhā-. dadāitī Ind 3S 1.33.14. dastē Ind 3S Mid 1.34.01. dazdē Ind 3S Mid 1.30.04, 2.46.08, 4.51.06, 4.51.19. dadəmahī Ind 1P 6.39.04. dadəmahicā 6.35.05, 6.41.01. dadəmaidē Ind 1P Mid 6.35.09, 6.41.03. dadå Inj 2S 1.31.09, 1.31.11, 2.44.15, 2.46.07. dadāt̰ Inj 3S 1.30.07, 1.30.11, 1.31.21, 1.32.10, 2.46.13, 4.51.21, 5.53.02, 5.53.04, 6.38.04, 6.38.04. dazdā Inj 3S Mid 1.27.13. dadat̰ Su 3S 1.27.13, 1.29.09. dadən Su 3P 1.30.08. dadəṇtē Su 3P Mid 1.31.14. daidīt̰ Op 3S 1.28.02, 2.43.14, 2.43.16, 2.46.02. daidītā Op 3S Mid 2.43.02, 2.46.18. dasuuā Imp 2S Mid 1.33.12. dadātū Imp 3S 5.53.08. då AorInj 2S 1.31.03, 1.34.15, 2.43.01, 2.43.02, 2.43.04, 2.43.05, 2.46.06, 3.47.03, 3.47.06, 3.49.08, 4.51.09. dås 1.28.07. dåscā 6.39.04. dåŋhā AorInj 2S Mid 1.34.01, 2.44.18. dāt̰ AorInj 3S 2.44.03, 2.44.05, 2.44.05, 2.45.04, 3.48.04, 5.53.03, 6.37.01, 6.37.01, 6.37.01. duuaidī AorInj 1Du 1.29.05. dātā AorInj 2P 1.29.02, 1.29.10, 1.31.05, 1.33.01, 1.34.02, 1.34.06, 2.43.13, 2.44.20, 3.48.12, daēuuə̄ṇg AP 1.32.05, 2.45.11, 3.49.04. daēuuāišcā IP 1.29.04, 1.34.05, 3.48.01. daēuuō.zušta- adj. < daēuua- + zaoš-: pleasing the daēuuas. — OI. devájuṣṭa-. daēuuō.zuštā NAPn 1.32.04. dafšniia- adj.: *dupe (if < dab-). dafšniiā NPm 5.53.08. dahmā- fem. < dąh-: *mastery. dahmaiiā IS 1.32.16. daibitā > daibitā. daitika- neut.: wild animal. daitikanąmcā GP 6.39.02. dam- neut.: house, abode. — OI. dám-. də̄ṇg GS 2.45.11. dąm LS 3.48.07, 3.49.10. dəmāna-, hadəma-. daṇgra- adj. < dąh-: masterly. daṇgrā ISm 2.46.17. dao-, pres. dauua- act.: to chatter. dauuąscinā PrPt NSm 1.31.10. dar-, pres. dāraiia- act., aor. dōrəš-(?)/dərə-/dr- mid., perf. dādr- mid.: to hold, uphold, sustain. — OI. dhāráyati. dāraiiō Inj 2S 1.32.01. dāraiiat̰ Inj 3S 1.31.07. dōrəšt AorInj 3S 3.49.02. dərətā AorInj 3S Mid 2.44.04. drītā AorOp 3S Mid 2.46.05. dādrē Pf 3S Mid 4.51.08. dərəidiiāi Inf 2.43.01. darəθra-. darəga- adj.: long. — OI. dīrghá-. darəgə̄m NASn 1.30.11, 1.31.20. darəgəmcā NASn/adv. 6.41.04. darəgāi DSn 6.40.03. darəgahiiā GSn 2.43.13. darəgāiiu- adj.: bestowing a long lifespan. — OI. dīrghā́ yu-. darəgāiiū NASn 1.28.06. darəgāiiāu LSn 6.41.04. darəgō.bāzao- adj.: having long hands. — Skt. dīrghabāhu-. darəgō.bāzāuš NSm 6.38.05. darəgō.jiiāiti- fem.: long life. darəgō.jiiāitīm AS 1.33.05. darəgō.jiiātōiš GS 2.43.02. darəs- > spas-. darəsa- masc. < dars-> spas-: seeing. — OI. darśá-. darəsāt̰ AbS 1.32.13. darəsōi LS 2.43.16. darəsata- adj.< dars-> spas-: which can be seen. — OI. darśatá-. darəsatā NAPn(?) 1.30.01. darəšat̰ adv. < •darš: strongly. — OI. dhr̥ṣát. darəšat̰ cā 1.33.07. darəθra- neut. < dar-: holding, upholding. — OI. dhartrá-. darəθrāi DS 2.46.03. 11 MAY 16, 2022 – 1:33 PM OLD AVESTAN GLOSSARY yaoš act.: to make ritually pure. — OI. yóḥ. yaoždåAorInj 2S 3.48.05. yaoš ... yaoždānē AorSu 1S Mid 2.44.09. ādā-, ādāna-(?), daθra-, dāta-, dātar-, dāθa-, dāθra-, humązdra-, vīdāiti-, zarazdā-, zarazdišta-, zarazdāiti-. dā- 2, pres. diia-: to tie; + nī: to tie down. nī ... diiātąm Imp 3S Mid 3.48.07. ādāna-(?), dāman-, dāmi-. dāh- (da÷ah-) neut. < dā-: gift. då NAS 1.28.06. dåŋhō GS 5.53.02. duž.dāh-, hudāh-, hudāstəma-. dāiiah- neut. < •dāii: nourishing. — OI. dhāyas-. drigudāiiah-, gaodāiiah-. dāman- neut. < dā- 2: net, web — OI. dā́ man-. dāmąn NAP 2.46.06, 3.48.07. dāmi- masc. < dā- “tie”: *web-holder. dąmiš NS 1.31.07, 2.44.04, 2.45.07. dąmīm AS 1.31.08, 1.34.10. dāmōiš GS 2.43.05, 4.51.10. dāta- > dā-. dāta- neut. < dā-: established rules. dātāiš 2.46.15, 3.49.07. dātōibiiascā 4.51.14. dāθa-. dātar- masc. < dā-: giver, establisher, maker. — OI. dhātár-. dātā 3.50.06, 3.50.11. dātārəm 2.44.07. dāθa- adj. < dāta-: according to the established rules. dāθə̄m 3.50.02. dāθə̄ṇg 1.28.10, 1.32.10, 2.46.15. dāθaēibiiō 4.51.05. dāθəmcā 2.46.17. dāθra- neut. < dā-: act of giving. — OI. dātrá-. dāθranąm 1.31.14. dąh-, pres. dīdąh- act.: to *teach; mid. to *learn. dīdaŋ́hē Ind 1S Mid 2.43.11. didąs Inj 3S 3.49.09. dahmā-, daṇgra-, dąstuuā-. dąstuuā- fem. < dąh-: *skill. dąstuuąm AS 2.46.07. dbaēš-, pres. daibiš-, daibišiia- act.: to be hostile to. — OI. dvéṣṭi. daibišəṇtī Ind 3P 1.32.01. daibišiiaṇtē PrPt DSm 1.34.04. aduuaēša-, daibišuuaṇt-, duuaēšah-, vīduuaēša-. də̄bao-, pres. də̄bāuuaiia-: to deceive or call deceiver? də̄bāuuaiiat̰ Inj 3S 1.31.17. dəbaoman- neut. < də̄bao-: deception. dəbaomā 1.30.06. dəbąz-, pres. dəbąza- act.: to thicken, beat in the weft. — OI. baṁh-. dəbązaitī Ind 3S 2.44.06. dəbązah- neut. < dəbąz-: thickening(?). dəbązaŋhā IS 3.47.06. 4.51.19. dāhī AorSu 2S 5.53.09. dåŋ́hē AorSu 2S Mid 6.36.01. dāitī AorSu 3S 2.44.19. dāt̰ 1.29.10, 3.48.06, 3.49.07, 5.53.01. dāitē AorSu 3S Mid 2.44.19. dāmā AorSu 1P 1.34.03. dātā AorSu 2P 1.34.14. daduiiē AorSu 2P Mid 2.46.15. daṇtī AorSu 3P 1.32.15. dåṇtē AorSu 3P Mid 3.48.11. dąn AorSu 3P 2.45.05, 2.45.10, *3.47.01, 3.49.04. diiąm AorOp 1S 2.44.14. diiāi AorOp 1S Mid 1.29.08. dīšā AorOp 2S Mid 2.43.07. diiāt̰ AorOp 3S 2.43.10, 2.45.09. dāidī AorImp 2S 1.28.06, 1.28.07, 1.28.07, 4.51.02, 4.51.07, 4.51.18, 6.40.02, 6.40.03, 6.41.06. dāhuuā AorImp 2S Mid 3.50.02. dātū AorImp 3S 4.51.17. dąm AorImp 3S Mid 2.44.16. daṇtōAorPtAct NPm 1.32.04. dātā PPP NSf 1.33.08. dātā PPP NPm 3.48.12. dātā PPP NAPn 1.34.01. dazdiiāi Inf 2.44.01, 6.35.04. daidiiāi Inf 4.51.20. dāuuōi Inf 1.28.02, 2.44.14, 4.51.09. dāiietē Ind 3S Mid 1.31.11. dāiiāt̰ Su 3S 2.43.01, 2.46.10, 3.50.05. auuā act.: to take/bring down. dāiiāt̰ ə̄əāuuā Su 3S 1.29.07. ā act.: to place (in); mid.: to receive(?). āzī ... ādāt̰ AorInj 3S 1.31.18. ādāt̰ AorSu 3S 4.51.14. ā ... diiā AorOp 1S Mid 2.43.08. adąs AorPt NSm 2.46.05. frā act.: to provide. fradadāθā Perf. 2P 6.40.01, 6.41.05. mə̄ąn mid.: to place in mind. mə̄ąn ... dadē Ind 1S Mid 1.28.04. mə̄ṇcā ... mązdazdūm Inj 2P Mid 5.53.05. mazdąmcā AorImp 3S Mid(?) 6.40.01. mazdåŋhō.dūm AorImp 2P Mid 2.45.01. məṇdaidiiāi Inf 2.44.08. mə̄ṇcā daidiiāi 1.31.05. nī act.: to place/deposit. nī ... dadat̰ Inj 3P 1.32.14. nidāmā AorInj 1P 2.45.08. nidātəm PPP NASn 3.49.03. pairī act.: to set apart. pairī ... dadaitī Ind 3P 2.46.01. vī act.: to distribute. vīdāitī AorSu 3S 4.51.06. vīdāt̰ 5.53.04. vīdąm AorImp 3S 1.32.06. vīdąs AorPt NSm 1.33.03. vī ... vīdāiiāt̰ Su rS 1.34.12, 2.43.12. 12 MAY 16, 2022 – 1:33 PM OLD AVESTAN GLOSSARY daibišuuaṇt- adj. < daibaēš-: who is with hostility. — OI. dvíṣ-. daibišuuatō 1.28.06. daibitiia- num.: second. daibitīm 2.45.01. daibitā adv.: *ever, *always. — OI. dvitā́ . daibitā 3.49.02. daibitāna- adj.: *duplicitous(?), *archaic(?). daibitānā NAPn 1.32.03, 3.48.01. dəbənao- > dab-. dərəš adv. < darz-: firmly. dərəšcā 1.29.01. dərəštā.aēnah- adj.: whose sins are (clearly) seen. dərəštā.aēnaŋhəm AS 1.34.04. dərəz- masc./neut. < darz-: *fetter. dərəzā IS 5.53.08. diβžaidiiāi > dab-. didąs > dąh-. diuuamna- neut. < dīuu-?: *brilliant fame. — OI. dyumná-. diuuamnəm NAS 1.31.20. dīdaŋ́hē > dąh-. dīuu-, pres. dīuuiia- act. — OI. dī́vyati “to play, gamble.” ā: to *obtain heavenly fame. ādīuuiieiṇtī Ind 3P 2.44.13. diuuamna-. də̄jāmāspa- pers. name: whose horses are emaciated. — Cf. OI. kṣāmá-. də̄jāmāspō NS 4.51.18. də̄jāmāspā VS 2.46.17, 3.49.09 də̄jīt̰ .arəta- adj.: with deficient/crippled Order. — Cf. OI. kṣitá-. də̄jīt̰ .arətā ISm/f 5.53.09. də̄jīt̰ .arətaēibiiō DPm 5.53.06. dəmāna- neut.: house, abode. dəmānəm NAS 1.31.18. dəmānahiiā GS 1.31.16. dəmānē LS 1.32.13, 1.32.15, 2.45.08, *2.46.11, 3.49.11, 3.50.04, 4.51.14, 4.51.15. dam-, hadəma-. drag-, pres. desid. dīdraγža- mid.: to stretch out. ā: to stretch out hither/to. ā ... dīdraγžō.duiiē Ind 2P 3.48.07. draog-, pres. *drujiia-: to lie. adrujiiaṇt-, drəguuaṇt-, drug-. draonah- neut.: sacrificial cake. — OI. dráviṇas-. draonō NAS 1.33.08. drəguuaṇt- masc. < drug-: follower of the Lie. — Cf. OI. drúhvan-. drəguuå NS 1.30.05, 1.31.17, 2.44.12, 2.44.12, 2.45.01, 2.46.04, 2.46.06, 2.46.07, 3.47.05, 3.49.02, 3.50.03. drəguuaṇtəm AS 1.32.05, 1.32.14, 2.46.05, 3.48.02, 4.51.09. drəguuātā IS 3.49.09. drəguuāitē DS 1.31.15, 1.33.02, 2.43.04, 2.43.08, 2.46.06, 3.47.04, 4.51.08. drəguuataēcā 1.33.01. drəguuatō GS 1.31.18, 3.49.04, 4.51.13, 5.53.07. drəguuaṇtō NVP 1.31.20, 2.46.01, 3.47.04. drəguuō.dəbīš IP 1.29.02, 3.48.11. drəguuō.dəbiiō AbDP 1.30.11, 1.31.14, 5.53.06. drəguuatąm GP 1.30.04. drəguuasū LP 1.29.05, 2.44.14. drəguuatō AP 1.32.10, 1.32.11, 1.32.16, 2.43.15, 2.45.07, 3.49.03, 3.49.11. drigu- adj.: poor. drigūm ASm 1.34.05. drigauuē DSm 5.53.09. drigubiiō DPm 1.27.13. drigu.dāiiah- adj.: nourisher of the poor. drigudāiiaŋhō 6.38.05. drug-/druj- fem. < draog-: the Lie. — OI. drúh-. druxš NS 3.49.03. drujəm AS 1.30.08, 1.31.04, 1.32.12, 1.33.04, 2.44.13, 2.44.14, 3.48.01. drūjō AbGS 1.30.10, 1.31.01, 2.46.06, 2.46.11, 3.49.11, 4.51.10, 4.51.14, 5.53.06, 5.53.06. drūjascā 1.32.03. drəguuaṇt-. dugədar- fem.: daughter. — OI. duhitár-. dugədā NS 2.45.04. dəgədrąm GP 5.53.03. duš.ərəθri- adj.: having bad *objectives/mills(?). dušərəθrīš APm(?) 3.49.01. duš.sasti- adj. < sąh-: who makes bad announcements. duš.sastiš NSm 1.32.09, 2.45.01. duš.š́ iiaoθana- adj.: who performs bad acts. duš.š́ iiaoθanāi DSm 1.31.15. duš.š́ iiaoθanā NPm 1.34.09. duš.š́ iiaoθanə̄ṇg APm 3.49.11. duš.xratu- masc.: bad guiding thought. duš.xraθβā IS 3.49.04. aš.xratu-. duš.xvarəθa- neut.: bad food. duš.xvarəθə̄m NAS 1.31.20, 5.53.06. duš.iti- fem. < duš- + iti-: bad going, straights. — Cf. OI. duritá-, duréva- [or: < duš- + šiti-: bad settlement]. dušitācā LS 1.31.18. ə̄nəiti-, xvīti- [or: hušəiti-]. dušə.xšaθra- adj.: who has bad commands. dušə.xšaθrā NPm 3.48.05, 3.48.10. dušə.xšaθrə̄ṇg APm 3.49.11. duuaēšah- neut. < daibaēš-: hostility. — OI. dvéṣas-. duuaēšå NAP 1.28.06, 2.43.08. duuaēšaŋhā 2.44.11, 2.46.08. duuaēθā- ?: *concern(??). duuaēθā 1.32.16, 3.48.09. duuafša- masc.: torment. duuafšō NS 5.53.08. duuafšə̄ṇg AP 2.44.14. duuar-, pres. duuara-: to run. hə̄m mid.: to run together. 13 MAY 16, 2022 – 1:33 PM OLD AVESTAN GLOSSARY OI. r̥tvíya-. ərəθβə̄ṇg 1.28.10. ərəθβō 2.46.13. ərəzu- adj.: straight (not crooked). — OI. r̥jú-. ərəzaoš 4.51.13. ərəzuš 1.33.06, 1.33.05, 2.43.03, 5.53.02. ārəzuua-, ərəš, razišta-. ərəžjī- adj.: living a straight life. ərəžjīš 3.50.02. ərəžəjiiōi 1.29.05, 5.53.09. ərəžuxδa- neut: straight utterance. ərəžuxδā 2.44.19. ərəžuxδāi 1.31.19. ərəžūc- > mrao-. əuuisti- fem.: the fact of not finding. — Skt. ávitti-. əuuistī 1.34.09. əuuīduuah- adj.: who does not know. — OI. ávidvāṁs-. əuuīduuå 1.31.12, 1.31.17. hə̄ṇduuarə̄ṇtā Inj 3P Mid 1.30.06. duuąnman- neut.: cloud. — Cf. OI. dhúni-. duuąnmaibiiascā DP 2.44.04. duž.zōbā- adj. < zao-: having bad invocations. dužazōbå NSm 2.46.04. duž.daēna- adj.: having bad daēnā. — Cf. OI. dūḍhī-. duždaēnə̄ṇg APm 3.49.11. duž.dāh- adj. < dāh-: having bad gifts. duždå NSm 4.51.10. duždåŋhō NAPm 1.30.03. hudāh-. duž.jiiāiti- fem. < gaē-/jiiā-: evil living. dužjiiātōiš 2.46.08. frajiiāiti-, hujiiāiti-. duž.manah- adj.: having bad thoughts. — Skt. durmanas-. dužmanaŋhō NAPm 3.49.11. duž.vacah- adj.: having badspeech/words. — Skt. durvacas-. dužuuacaŋhō NAPm 3.49.11. duž.varəna- neut. < varana-: who makes bad choices. dužuuarənāiš IPm 5.53.09. duž.varəšnah- adj.: of bad virility. Cf. OI. vŕ̥ṣṇya-. dužuuarəšnaŋhō NAPm 5.53.08. duž.varəšta- adj. < varəz-: (acts) badly performed. dužuuarəštā NAPn 3.49.04. dūra- adj.: far, distant. dūirē LSn/adv. 1.34.08. dūrāt̰ AbSn/adv. 2.45.01. dūraoša- adj: epithet of the haoma. dūraošəm ASm 1.32.14. dūta- masc.: messenger. — OI. dūtá-. dūtə̄m AS 1.32.13. dūtåŋhō NP 1.32.01. Ə̄ ə̄əādū ?: ??. ə̄əānū adv./prev.: along. — OI. anu. 1.32.16, 3.47.2. ə̄əāuuā = auuā adv./prev.: down > dā-, nās-, zā-. ə̄əåŋhā > āh-. ə̄hma- > vaēm. ə̄mauuaṇt- adj. < YAv. ama-: strong, forceful. — OI. ámavant-. ə̄mauuaṇtəm ASm 1.34.04, 2.43.10. ə̄mauuaṇtascā NPm 6.41.04. ə̄mauuatąm GPm 2.43.10. ə̄mauuaitīm ASf 2.44.14. ə̄mauuat̰ NASn 1.33.12. ə̄nāxšti- fem. < an- + YAv. āxšti-: lack of peace. ə̄nāxštā LS 1.32.06. ə̄niti- fem. < an- + aē-: lack of going, lack of well-being. ə̄nəitī NADu 1.30.11. Ə ərəš adv. < ərəzu-: straight (not crooked). 1.30.03, 1.30.06, 2.44.01, 2.44.02, 2.44.03, 2.44.04, 2.44.05, 2.44.06, 2.44.07, 2.44.08, 2.44.09, 2.44.10, 2.44.10, 2.44.11, 2.44.12, 2.44.13, 2.44.14, 2.44.15, 2.44.16, 2.44.17, 2.44.18, 2.44.19, 3.49.06, 3.49.09, 4.51.05. ərəš.vacah-, ərəžuxδa-, ərəžjī-. ərəš.mrao- > mrao-. ərəš.vacah- adj.: whose words are straight. ərəš.vacå 1.31.12. ərəši- fem.(?) < ar-?: desire to obtain(?). ərəšiš 1.31.05. ərəšiiā- fem.(?) < ar-?: desire to obtain(?). ərəšiiā 6.40.04. ərəšuua- adj. < •ar?: capacious. — OI. r̥ṣvá-. ərəšuuåŋhō 1.29.03. ərəšuuā 2.44.09. ərəšuuāiš 1.28.06. ərəšuuō 4.51.05, 4.51.11. ərəθβa- adj. < ratu-: being in agreement with the models, being at the right time and place. — Cf. F fra.ar- > ar-. fra.aēš- > aēš-. fra.daxš- > daxš-. fra.dā- > dā-. fra.kaēš- > kaēš-. fra.mrao- > mrao-. fra.mā- > mā-. fra.nas- > nas-. fra.par- > par-. fra.srao- > srao-. fra.sāh- > sāh-. fra.var- > var-. fra.vat- > vat-. fra.vaēd- > vaēd-. fradaθa- neut. < frād-: furthering. fradaθāi DS 1.31.16. 14 MAY 16, 2022 – 1:33 PM OLD AVESTAN GLOSSARY frādat̰ .gaēθa- adj.: who furthers the living beings. frādat̰ .gaēθəm NASn 1.33.11. fradaθa-. †frādō.vərəzə̄na- > frād-, vərəzə̄na-. frāidiia- adj. < frād-?: worthy of being furthered(?). frāidīm ASm 5.53.06. frāxšnəna- neut. < zan-: foreknowledge. frāxšnənəmNAS 2.43.14. frāxšnənē LS 1.29.11, 2.43.12. fraxšnin-. friia- adj.: friendly, friend. friiō NSm 2.46.02, 2.46.06. friiāi DSm 2.43.14, 2.44.01, 2.46.02. friiā NAPn 2.44.01. fraēšta-. friiāna- ?: ?. friiānahiiā GS 2.46.12. frī- > fraē-. frō > frā̆. frō.gao- masc.: lead-bull. — Cf. OI. puro-gā́ -/gavá-. frō.gå AP 2.46.04. frōrəiti- fem. < ar-: moving forth. frōrətōiš 2.46.04. fsəratū- fem.: *power of awareness(?). fsəratuš NS 4.51.04. fsəratūm AS 1.33.12, 6.37.05. fsəratuuō GS 6.39.05. fšao-, pres. fšuiia- act. < pasu-: to tend cattle. fšuiiō Inj 2S 3.48.05. fšuiiaṇt- < fšao-: tender of cattle. fšuiiaṇtəm ASm 1.31.10. fšuiieṇtē DS 1.29.05. fšuiiaṇtaēcā 1.29.06. fšuiiasū LP 3.49.04. fšə̄ŋ́hiia- ?: *sustainer(?). fšə̄ŋ́hiiō NS 3.49.09. fšə̄ŋ́hīm AS 1.31.10. fradaθāi.ā 2.45.09. fradaxštar- masc. < fra.daxš-: launcher. fradaxštā NS 1.31.17, 4.51.03. fradaxštārəmcā AS 6.35.09. fraē-, pres. frīnā-/friiąn- act.: to make friendly; mid.: to present oneself as friend. — OI. prīṇā́ ti. friiąnmahī Ind 1P 6.38.04. frīnāi Su 1S Mid 3.49.12. frīnəmnā PrPtMid NADum 1.29.05. fraēšta- superl. of friia-: most friendly. — OI. préṣṭha-. fraēštåŋhō 3.49.08. fraidiuua- adj.: *daily. — OI. pradív-. fraidiuuā 1.32.14. frajiiāiti- fem. < gaē-/jiiā-: means of survival, prospective livelihood(?). frajiiāitiš NS 1.29.05. duž.jiiāiti-, hujiiāiti-. fraorət̰ adv. < var-: while believing in, professing oneself as belonging to (dat.). 1.30.05, 5.53.02. fraoxta- > fra.mrao-. frasasti- fem.: fame. — OI. práśasti-. frasastīm AS 3.49.07, 6.38.02. frasrūta- > srao-. frasā- fem. < pars-: question. frasā NS 1.31.13. frasaiiā IS 2.44.13. fərasaiiāi DS 2.43.07. fərasābiiō DP 1.29.05. fəraša- adj.: succulent, juicy (as when revitalized). — OI. pr̥kṣá-. fərašə̄m ASm 1.30.09, 1.34.15. frašō.təma-. fərašaoštra- proper name < fraša- + uštra-: he who has succulent (fertile) camels. fərašaoštrō NS 4.51.17. fərašaoštrascā 5.53.02. fərašaoštrā VS 2.46.16. fərašaoštrāi DS 1.28.08, 3.49.08. fərašō.təma- superl. of fraša-: most succulent. fərašō.təməm NASn 3.50.11, 2.46.19. ə f rašti- fem. < pars-: *questioning. fəraštaiiō 6.38.02. frauuaṣ̌i- fem. < var-: fravashi. frauuaṣ̌īš AP 6.37.03. frauuazah- adj. < vaz-: flowing forth. frauuazaŋhō NVPf 6.38.03. fraxšnin- adj. < zan-: knowing beforehand. — Cf. OI. prajñātár- “who knows the way.” fraxšnī NSm 2.44.07. frāxšnəna-. frād-, pres. frāda- act.: to further. frādəṇtē Ind 3P 2.43.06. frādō Inj 2S 1.34.14, 2.46.12. frādat̰ Inj 3S 2.46.13. frādōit̰ Op 3S 2.44.10. frādaŋ́hē Inf 2.44.20. frādaθa-, frāidiia-. G gaē-/jiiā-, pres. juua- act.: to live. — OI. jī́vati. juuāmahī Ind 1P 1.31.02. juuąs PrPt NSm 2.46.05. juuaṇtō PrPt NPm 1.31.03. gaēθā-, gaiia-, jiiāiti-, jiiātu-, jī-, juua-. gaēθā- fem. < gaē-/jiiā-: livestock, herd. gaēθąm AS 3.50.03. gaēθå NAP 1.31.01, 1.34.03, 2.43.06, 2.44.10, 2.46.08, 2.46.12, 2.46.13. gaēθåscā 1.31.11. gaēθāhū LP 2.43.07. frādat̰ .gaēθa-, pairigaēθa-. gaiia- masc. < gaē-/jiiā-: life, living. — OI. gáya-. gaiiascā NS 6.41.03. gaēm AS 2.43.01. gaēmcā 1.30.04. gaiiehiiā GS 4.51.19. gam-, pres. jasa-, aor. jə̄ṇgh-, jam-/gm- act.: to go, come. 15 MAY 16, 2022 – 1:33 PM OLD AVESTAN GLOSSARY gə̄ušcā 1.28.01, 1.29.05, 1.33.04, 6.35.07. gāuuā NADu 2.46.19. gå AP 2.46.04. frō.gao-, huuō.guua-. gao.dāiiah- adj.: cow-nourishing. — OI. gódhāyas-. gaodāiiō NASn 1.29.02. gaoš-, pres. *gaoš-/gūš-, aor. gūša- mid.: to listen. gūštā Inj 3S 1.31.18, 1.31.19. gūšatā AorInj 3S 1.29.08. gūšahuuā AorImp 2S 3.49.07. gūšō.dūm AorImp 2P 2.45.01. agušta-, gə̄uša-. gar- masc.: song of praise. — OI. gír-. gairē DS 1.28.04. garō GS 2.45.08, 3.50.04, 4.51.15, garō AP 6.41.01. garōibīš IP 1.34.02. gar-: to sing (songs of praise). aibī.jarətar-. garəb- > grab-. garəma- masc.: heat. — OI. ghárma-. garəmā IS 2.43.04. garz-, pres. gərəz- mid., pres. intens. jīgərəz- act.: to complain. — OI. gr̥ha-. gərəzōi Ind 1S 2.46.02. gərəzē Ind 1S 1.32.09. gərəždā Inj 3S 1.29.01. jīgərəzat̰ Inj 3P 1.32.13. gā-, aor. gā- act.: to go, walk. — OI. gā-. gāt̰ AorSu 3S 2.46.06. gātu- masc.: road, way to go. — OI. gātú-. gātūmcā AS 1.28.05. gərəb- > grab-. gərəzdi- fem.: yearning. — Cf. OI. gŕ̥dhra-. gərəzdīm AS 4.51.17. gərəzdā LS 3.50.09. gə̄uša- masc.: noise and/or ear(?). — OI. ghóṣa-. gə̄uš.ā IS or NADu 4.51.03. gə̄uš.āiš IP 1.30.02. gaoš-. gənā- fem.: (heavenly) woman. — OI. gnā́ -. gənā NS 2.46.10. gənå NAP 6.38.01. gənābīš IP 6.38.01. jainī-. grab-, (pres. YAv. gəuruuaiia-, gərəβnā-) aor. grab/gərəb- act.: to seize. — OI. gr̥bhnā́ ti, gr̥bháyati. gərəbąm AorImp 3S Mid 1.34.10. hə̄m act.: to seize. hə̄m ... hə̄ṇgrabəm AorInj 1S 1.31.08. grə̄hma- masc. < •grah: glutton; gluttony. grə̄hmā 1.32.12. grə̄hmō 1.32.13, 4. gūzra- adj.: hidden. — Cf. YAv guza-, OI. gū̆hati “to hide.” gūzrā 3.48.03. — OI. gam-, gáchati. jasō Inj 2S 2.43.06, 2.43.12. jasat̰ Inj 3S 1.30.07, 4.51.15. jasōit̰ Op 3S 2.46.08. jimā ... ā Aor Su 1S 1.29.03. jamaitī AorSu 3S 1.30.08. jimaitī AorSu 3S 3.48.02. jimat̰ AorSu 3S 2.43.04, 2.46.03, 3.48.11. jə̄ṇghaticā AorSu 3S 1.31.14. gaidī AorImp 2S 1.28.06, 3.49.01. jaṇtū AorImp 3S 2.44.16. gat̰ .tōi Inf 2.43.01. gat̰ .tē Inf 4.51.10. aibī act.: to come to. aibī.gəmən AorInj 3P 2.46.11. aibī.jamiiāt̰ AorOp 3S 2.43.03. ā: to come. ā ... jasatā Imp 2P 1.28.03. ā.jimat̰ AorSu 3S 2.43.12, 3.48.11. ā ... jimat̰ 2.44.01. ā ... jaṇtū AorImp 3S 5.54.01. hə̄m mid.: to come together. hə̄m ... jasaētəm Inj 3Du 1.30.04. hə̄m ... jamaētē AorInj 3Du 2.44.15. pairī act.: to come into the presence of()?; mid.: to circumambulate in reverence. pairijasāmaidē Ind 1P 6.36.01, 6.36.03, 6.36.04, 6.36.05, 6.39.05. pairī.jasat̰ Inj 3S 2.43.07, 2.43.09, 2.43.11, 2.43.13, 2.43.15. pairijasāi Su 1S 1.28.02, 3.50.08. pairicā jasāi 4.51.22. paitī act.: to come toward. paitī.jamiiå AorOp 2S 6.36.02, 6.36.02. upā act.: to come to. upā.jasat̰ Inj 3S 1.30.06. upā.jimən AorSu 3P 2.45.05. upā.jamiiāmā Aor Op 1P 6.40.02, 6.41.06. us act.: to come up. uzjə̄n AorInj 3S 2.46.12. vī act.: to go out wide and far to. vījə̄miiāt̰ AorOp 3S 2.44.11. āgəmata-. gan-, pres. jan-/gn- act.: to smash, strike. — OI. han/ghn-. ajə̄n Impf 3S 3.48.10. jə̄narąm Imp 3P Mid 5.53.08. jaidiiāi Inf 1.32.14. agəniiā-, sarəjan-, vərəθrə̄m.jan-. gao- masc., fem.: cow, bull. — OI. gó-. gāuš NS 1.32.08, 1.32.14. gąm AS 1.32.10, 2.44.06, 2.44.20, 3.47.03, 3.50.02, 4.51.05, 4.51.07. gąmcā 6.37.01. gauuōi DS 1.29.02, 1.29.03, 1.29.07, 1.33.03, 3.48.05, 4.51.14, 6.35.04. gə̄uš AbGS 1.29.01, 1.29.02, 1.29.09, 1.31.09, 1.32.12, 1.34.14, 2.46.09, 6.37.02, 6.39.01. 16 MAY 16, 2022 – 1:33 PM OLD AVESTAN GLOSSARY haiθiiā NPm 3.49.11. haiθiiə̄ṇg APm 2.43.03. haiθiiāiš IPmn 1.30.05. haiθiiā NAPn 2.44.06, 5.53.06. hak-, pres. haca-, hišca-, aor. haxš-/sc- act.: to pursue, devote oneself to(?); mid.: to follow, be in the company of, be with. hacaitē Ind 3S Mid 1.34.02, 2.46.16, 3.48.04. haciṇtē Ind 3P Mid 1.33.09, 2.45.02. hə̄cā Su 1S 2.46.01. hacåṇtē Su 3P Mid 3.48.12. hacimnō PrPtMid NSm 2.43.10, 2.43.12. hacə̄mnā PrPtMid NSf 2.44.10. hišcamaidē Ind 1P 6.40.04. haxšāi AorSu 1S Mid 2.46.10. scaṇtū AorImp 3P 5.53.02. aṣ̌aŋhāk-, ānuš.hāk-, āskəiti-, hacə̄nā, haxman-, hākurəna-, huš.haxaē-. hama- adj.: same. — OI. samá-. hamə̄m NASn 1.32.16. haθrā, hāma-. hamaēstar- agent noun < ham •maēt: opponent. hamaēstārō NP 3.48.12. han-, aor. hana-, ppp. hāta-: to gain. — OI. sanóti. hanānī AorSu 1S 2.44.18. hanāt̰ AorSu 3S 5.54.01. hanaēmācā AorOp 1P 6.41.04. hanəṇtē AorPt DSm 2.44.19, 2.46.19. hātā PPP NAPn 1.32.06. hāiti-. hanarə prep./postp. + abl.: without. — Cf. OI. sanutár. hanarə 1.31.15, 3.47.05. haŋhuš < han-??: *gain(?). haŋhuš NS 5.53.04. hao-, pres. hunā-/huuą-: to impel. — OI. suváti. hunāitī Ind 3S 1.31.15. huuąmahicā Ind 1P 6.35.05. haoząθβa- neut. < huzə̄ṇtu-: fact of being of good lineage. haoząθβāt̰ AbS 2.45.09. hap-, pres. hap- act.: to sustain(?). — OI. sápati. hafšī Ind 2S 2.43.04. haptī Ind 3S 1.31.22. haptaθa- neut.: a seventh (part). — OI. spatathá-. haptaiθē 1.32.03. haθrā adv.: in one and the same place (as: instr.). — OI. satrā́ . haθrā 1.28.04, 1.30.09, 6.38.01. hama-. hauruuāt-, hauruuatāt- fem. < YAv hauruua-: wholeness. — OI. sarvátāti-. hauruuåscā NS 1.34.11. hauruuatās NS 1.33.08. hauruuatō GS 1.31.21. hauruuatātō GS 1.31.06, 1.34.01. hauruuātā NADu 2.44.17, 2.44.18, 2.45.05, 2.45.10, 3.47.01, 4.51.07. hauuapaŋha- masc./neut. < huuapah-: artistic work, Γ γžan- : to flood(?). huuō.γžaθa-. H ha- dem. pron. (suppl. auua-): that one, yon(der). huuō 1.29.03, 1.29.04, 1.29.04, 1.29.07, 1.29.08, 1.29.09, 1.31.07, 1.31.16, 1.31.16, 1.31.22, 1.31.22, 1.32.09, 1.32.10, 1.33.03, 1.33.06, 2.43.03, 2.43.16, 2.44.02, 2.44.12, 2.44.12, 2.46.04, 2.46.06, 2.46.06, 2.46.06, 2.46.09, 2.46.13, 2.46.14, 3.47.02, 3.48.04, 3.49.05, 4.51.08, 4.51.10, 4.51.19, 4.51.21, 5.53.08, 6.36.02, 6.40.02, 6.41.06. hā 1.32.02, 3.47.06, 3.48.02, 3.48.06, 3.48.06. hacā pre/postp. + instr.: from, in accordance with. — OI. sácā. 1.27.13, 1.28.02, 1.28.11, 1.29.06, 1.31.02, 1.31.14, 1.32.02, 2.43.14, 2.44.17, 2.44.17, 2.45.04, 2.46.19, 3.47.01, 4.51.05, 4.51.22, 5.53.01, 5.53.06, 6.35.10, 6.37.02, 6.38.01. hacə̄na- neut.: company. — OI. sacaná-. hacə̄nā NAP 2.44.13. had-, pres. desid. hīšasa- act.: to sit (down). — Cf. OI. sī́dati. hīšasat̰ Inj 3S 1.32.13. hadəma- masc./neut.: communal house, same house (as: instr.). Cf. OI. dáma- (e.g., své dáme). hadəmōi LS 2.44.09, 2.46.14. hadā pre/postp. + instr.: together with. — OI. sahá. 1.29.02, 2.46.17, 3.50.04. haē-, pres. haiia-, perf. hišāii- act.: to tie. — OI. sya-. ā.haē- act.: to tie up (in a net?). aŋhaiiā Su 1S 1.32.16. āhišāiiā Pf 3S 1.29.01. haēθa-, hiθao-. haēc- : to pour (water, etc.). hīc-. haēcat̰ .aspa- fam. name: he who waters his horses(?). haēcat̰ .aspā NVP 2.46.15. haēcat̰ .aspānā- fem. of haēcat̰ .aspa-. haēcat̰ .aspānā NSf 5.53.03. haēθa- masc./neut. < haē-: *cordwork. haēθahiiā GS 2.46.06. hōiθōi LS 1.32.14. hah-, pres. hah- act.: to sleep. — OI. sásti. hahmī Ind 1S 1.34.05. haiθiia- adj. < ah-: true, real (= not only seemingly true). — OI. satyá-. haiθiiō NSm 2.43.08. haiθiiə̄m ASm 1.34.15. haiθīm ASm 1.31.06. haiθīm NASn/adv. 1.31.08, 1.34.06, 2.46.19, 4.51.13, 6.35.06. haiθiiā ISmn 3.50.11. 17 MAY 16, 2022 – 1:33 PM OLD AVESTAN GLOSSARY hī NADumf 1.30.03, 2.44.18. hīm ASf 1.29.02, 2.44.14, 2.44.20, 3.50.02. hīš APf 1.33.10. hiiat̰ 1. rel. pron.: which > ya-;. 2. conj.: that, because, as, etc. . hiiat̰ 1.29.02, 1.29.05, 1.29.08, 1.30.04, 1.30.06, 1.30.06, 1.30.09, 1.30.11, 1.31.08, 1.31.09, 1.31.11, 1.31.11, 1.31.11, 1.31.14, 1.32.05, 1.32.14, 1.32.16, 1.34.08, 2.43.04, 2.43.04, 2.43.05, 2.43.05, 2.43.07, 2.43.08, 2.43.08, 2.43.09, 2.43.10, 2.43.11, 2.43.12, 2.43.13, 2.43.15, 2.44.15, 2.45.10, 2.46.06, 2.46.07, 2.46.11, 2.46.12, 2.46.15, 3.47.03, 3.48.01, 3.48.02, 3.49.09, 3.50.05, 4.51.08, 4.51.12, 4.51.12, 6.35.03, 6.35.05, 6.35.05, 6.38.04, 6.39.02, 6.40.01, 6.40.01, 6.41.05. hiiat̰ cīt̰ 1.30.01. hiiat̰ cā 1.32.14, 1.33.01, 2.44.17, 2.46.02. hiθao- masc. < haē-: *cord-master. hiθāuš NS 3.48.07. hiθā…m AS 1.34.10. hizū- masc.: tongue. — OI. jihvā́ -. hizuuā IS 1.28.05, 1.31.03, *2.45.01, 3.47.02, 4.51.03. hizuuō GS 1.31.19, 3.50.06. hizuuascā 4.51.13. hizubīš IP 3.49.04. hīc- masc. < haēc-: *pouring. — OI. āsíc-. hīcā IS 1.32.14. haēcat̰ .aspa-, haēcat̰ .aspānā-. hōi.špiθā > spaē-. hōiθa- > haēθa-. hucisti- fem.: good understanding/discernment. hucistīm AS 1.34.14. hucistōiš GS 2.46.04. hudāh- adj. (< dāh-): who gives good gifts, generous. hudå NSm 2.45.06, 3.48.03. hudåŋ́hē DSm 1.31.22. hudåŋhō GSm 1.34.03. hudåŋhō NAPm 1.30.03. hudåbiiō DPm 1.34.13. hudāstəma-. hudānu- adj.: *generous. — OI. sudā́ nu-. hudānuš NSm 1.31.16. hudānaoš GSm 2.44.09, 3.50.09. hudānu NAPn 5.53.03. hudāstəma- superl. of hudāh-: the best giver of gifts. hudāstəmā VSm 6.41.02, 6.41.03, 6.41.04. hudəma- ?: *good control, *good breath(?). — OI. dam-, dhámati. hudəmə̄m AS 1.29.08. hujiiāiti- fem. < gaē-/jiiā-: good living, good subsistence. hujiiātōiš AbS 1.32.05, 2.46.08. duž.jiiāiti-, frajiiāiti-. hujīti- fem. < jaē-: good gain. hujītaiiō NPf 1.33.10. humata- adj. < man-: well-thought. artistry. hauuapaŋhāišcā IP 6.37.02. haxaē- : companion. huš.haxaē-. haxman- neut. < hak-: company, following. — OI. sákman-. haxəmā NAS 6.40.02, 6.41.06. haxmə̄ṇg AbS 3.49.03. haxmainē DS 6.40.03. haxə̄mąn NAP 6.40.04. haxti- fem. dual: thigh. — OI. sákthi-. haxtiiå GDu 5.53.07. hazah- neut.: violent force. — OI. sáhas-. hazō NAS 1.33.12. hazə̄ 2.43.04. hazascā 1.29.01. hazaoša- adj. < zaoša-: having the same taste as. — OI. sajóṣa-. hazaošō NSm 1.29.07. hazaošəm ASm 1.28.08. hazaošåŋhō NPm 4.51.20. hā-, pres. hišā-(?) act.: to *keep an eye on, shelter(?). hišas 2.45.04. hāra-. hā- 2: to loosen. auuaŋhāna-, vīštāspa-. hādra- masc.neut.: *honesty(?). — Cf. OI. sā́ dhati? hādrōiiā LS 1.32.07. hāiti- fem. < han-: gain(?). hāitīm 1.32.09. °hā̆k-/hāc-: following. — OI. °sāk-/sāc-. aṣ̌aŋhāk-, ānuš.hā̆k-. hākurəna- neut. < hak-?: *guide, *sequence(?). hākurənəm NAS 1.33.09. hākurənā NAP 2.44.01. hāma- adj.: one and the same. hāmō NS 1.31.07. hama-. hāra- adj. < hā-: *overseeing, espying; *sheltering(?). hārō NSm 1.31.13, 2.44.02. hāta- > han-. hə̄buuaṇt- adj.: *nectar-pouring. hə̄buuaiṇtīšcā NAPf 6.38.03. hə̄m.gam- > gam-. hə̄m.grab- > grab-. hə̄m.pars- > pars-. hə̄m.paršti- fem. < pars-: consultation. hə̄m.parštōišcā GS 1.33.06. hə̄ṇkərəiti- fem.(?) < kar-: completion, *expiry. hə̄ṇkərətā LS 1.31.14. hi- pers. pron. 3 pers. (suppl. i-): she, etc. hōi GDSmfn 1.29.02, 1.29.08, 1.29.09, 1.31.06, 1.31.20, 1.31.21, 1.33.01, 2.43.08, 2.44.16, 2.45.04, 2.45.08, 2.45.10, 2.45.10, 2.45.11, 2.46.13, 3.47.03, 3.48.07, 3.48.09, 3.50.03, 4.51.06, 4.51.06, 4.51.12, 4.51.17, 5.53.01, 5.53.01, 5.53.02, 5.53.05. hī NSf 1.31.10. 18 MAY 16, 2022 – 1:33 PM OLD AVESTAN GLOSSARY huxšaθrastū NSm 6.41.02. huxšaθrā NPm 2.44.20, 3.48.05. huxšaθrāiš IPm 5.53.08. huxšaθrō.təma- adj.: having best command. huxšaθrō.təmāi DSm 6.35.05. huzə̄ṇtu- adj. < zan-: being of good lineage. huzə̄ṇtuš NSm 2.46.05, 3.49.05. huzə̄ṇtušə 2.43.03. haoząθβa-. hū.kərəta- adj.: well-made. — OI. súkr̥ta-. hū.kərətā ISm 1.34.13. hūxta- adj. < vac- (> mrao-): well-spoken. — OI. sūktá-. hūxtāiš IPn 6.36.05. hūxtanąm GPn 6.35.02. hūšnāθra- adj. < •(h)nā: having good bathing/washing places. hūšnāθråscā NAPf 6.38.03. humatāiš IPn 6.36.05. humatanąm GPn 6.35.02. humāiia- adj.: possessing good creative magic (of change). — OI. sumāyá-. humāīm ASm 6.41.03. humązdra- adj. < mə̄n.dā-: well-attentive. humązdrā NVPm 1.30.01. humərəiti- fem. < mar-: good *mention. humərətōiš GS 1.31.10. hunara- neut.: artistry. — OI. sūnára-. hunarā IS 2.43.05. hunarətāt- fem.: talent. — OI. sūnŕ̥tā-. hunarətātā IS 3.50.08. hunu- masc.: brood (daeuuic). — OI. sūnú-. hunuš NS 4.51.10. hupərəθβa- adj. < pərətu-: having good fords. hupərəθβåscā NAPf 6.38.03. huš.haxaē- adj.: being a good companion (of: instr.). — OI. suṣákhi-. huš.haxā NSm 1.32.02. ŕ huš.haxāim ASm 2.46.13. hušəiti- fem. < šaē-: good dwelling. hušəitiš NS 3.48.11. hušitōiš AbS 1.30.10. hušəitīš AP 1.29.10. hušə̄na- adj.(?): bringing good gain(?). — OI. suṣáṇa-. hušə̄nəm NASn 5.53.05. huš́ iiaoθana- adj.: performing good acts. huš́ iiaoθanā NSf 2.45.04. hušnāθra- > hūšnāθra-. †hušōiθəman- > šōiθəman-. huuaŋhəuuiia- ? < ahuuā-?: good existence(?). huuaŋhəuuīm AS 5.53.01. huuapah-, huuāpah- adj. < apah-: having good works, master artisan. — OI. svápas-. huuapå NS 2.44.05, 2.44.05. huuapaŋhō GS 6.38.03. hauuapaŋha-. huuar-/xvə̄n- neut.: sun. huuarə̄ NAS 3.50.02, 6.36.06. huuarəcā 1.32.10. xvə̄ṇg GS 2.43.16, 2.44.03, 3.50.10. xvə̄nuuaṇt-. huuarəšta- adj. < varz-: well-performed. huuarəštāiš IPn 3.49.04, 6.36.05. huuarəštanąm GPn 6.35.02. huuāpah- > huuapah-. huuō > ha-. huuō.guua- family name < huua- + gao-: having good/one’s own cows. huuō.guuā VS 2.46.16, 2.46.17. huuō.guuō NS 4.51.17, 4.51.18. huuō.γžaθa- adj.: good *flooding. huuō.γžaθåscā NAPf 6.38.03. huxratu- adj.: having good guiding thought. — OI. sukrátu-. huxratuš NSm 1.34.10, 4.51.05. huxšaθra- adj.: having good command. — OI. sukṣatrá-. I i- pers. pron. 3 pers.: he, etc. īm ASm 1.30.09, 2.44.19, 2.45.01, 2.45.03, 2.45.04, 2.45.11, 2.46.05, 2.46.08, 4.51.12, 4.51.12. īš APm 1.30.06, 1.31.18, 1.32.13, 2.44.14, 2.46.12, 4.51.14, 5.53.08, 5.53.09. īt̰ NASn 1.28.08, 2.43.10, 2.44.19, 2.44.20, 2.46.02, 6.35.06, 6.35.06, 6.35.06, 6.35.06, 6.39.03, 6.39.03. zīt̰ 2.45.08. ī NAPn 1.29.07, 1.31.22, 1.34.02, 2.44.02, 3.49.06, 5.53.05, 5.53.06, 6.35.03, 6.39.04. idā, iiadā, iθā. idā adv. < i-: here 1.29.08. — OI. ihá. iiadā adv. < i-: here 6.35.02. irixta- > raēk-. isuuan- adj. < aēs-: commanding, powerful, mighty. — Cf. Skt. īśvará-. isuuā NSm 2.43.14. isuuācīt̰ 3.47.04. išiia- adj. < aēš-: to be sped (along). išiiō NSm 5.54.01. išiiə̄ṇg APm 1.32.16. išiiąm ASf 4.51.17, 5.54.01. išiiā NAPn 3.48.08. išta- > aēš-. išud- masc./fem.: payment due, debt. išudəm AS 1.34.15. išudō NAP 1.31.14. išūidiia- < išud- act.: to pay one’s dues. išūidiiāmahī Ind 1P 6.36.05, 6.38.04, 6.39.04. iti- < aē-: going. dušiti-, ə̄niti-, vasə̄.iti-, xvīti-. iθā adv. < i-: in this way 1.33.01, 2.45.03, 5.53.06, 6.37.01, 6.39.01, 6.39.03. iθiiejah- neut.: awe, danger. — OI. tyájas-. iθiiejō 1.34.08. iuuizaiia- > zaē-. iziia- adj. < aēz-: to be expected. 19 MAY 16, 2022 – 1:33 PM OLD AVESTAN GLOSSARY iziiā NAPn 1.33.06, 3.49.03. K Ī ka- interr. pron.: who?. kə̄ NSm 1.29.01, 2.44.03, 2.44.04, 2.44.04, 2.44.05, 2.44.05, 2.44.05, 2.44.07, 2.44.07, 2.44.12, 2.44.16, 2.46.09, 2.46.14, 3.49.07, 3.49.07, 3.50.01, 3.50.01, 4.51.11, 4.51.11, 4.51.11. kascīt̰ 3.49.05. kasnā 2.44.03, 2.44.03, 2.44.04, 2.44.04. kastē 1.29.07, 2.46.14. kə̄m ASm 1.29.02. kə̄mnā 2.46.07. kahmāi DSm 1.29.01, 2.43.09, 2.44.15. kahmāicīt̰ 2.43.01, 2.44.16, 6.35.08. kahiiā GSm 2.43.07. kahiiācīt̰ 1.33.11. kōi NPm 3.48.11. kə̄ṇg APm 3.48.11. kaēibiiō DPm 2.44.06, 2.46.03. kā NSf 1.34.05, 2.44.08, 2.44.19, 3.48.08, 3.48.08, 3.48.08, 4.51.11. kācīt̰ 2.46.08. kąm ASf 2.46.01. kat̰ NASn 1.34.05, 1.34.12, 1.34.12, 1.34.12, 1.34.12, 3.48.02, 3.49.12, 3.49.12. Interr. particle: I wonder. 1.28.05, 3.50.01. ca-, ci-, katāra-, kadā, kaθā. kadā adv. < ka-: when? 1.29.09, 2.46.03, 3.48.09, 3.48.10, 3.48.10, 3.48.11. kaēnā- fem.: retribution. kaēnā 1.30.08. kaēš-, pres. cinah-/cīš-, aor. cōiš-/ciš-: to assign. — Cf. Lat. cūra < coirā-. cīšmahī Ind 1P 6.39.04. cišmahicā 6.35.05, 6.41.01. cōišəm AorInj 1S 2.46.18. cōiš AorInj 2S 1.31.03, 3.47.05. cōišt AorInj 3S 2.45.10, 3.50.03, 4.51.15. cə̄uuīšī AorInj 1S Mid 4.51.15. ciuuištā AorInj 3S Mid 1.34.13. cīždī AorImp 1S 2.44.16. frā: to reveal. fracinas 1.32.05. kaēt-, pres. cinat-, aor. cit-, perf. cikōit-/cicit-, ppp. cistaact.: to distinguish, mark out. — OI. cétati. cinas Inj 3S 2.44.06. acistā AorInd 3S Mid 4.51.11. cistā AorInj 3S Mid 4.51.05. cikōitərəš Pf 3P 1.32.11. cisti-, ciθra-, pourucistā-. kaēθ-, aor. cōiθa-(?) act.: to *mark; mid.: to *mark for oneself(?). cōiθat̰ 3S Act 2.46.09. cōiθaitē 3S Mid 1.33.02. kaiia- adj. < kā-?: to be desired(?). — Cf. OI. kā́ ya-. īš- fem.: invigorant. — OI. íṣ-. īšəm AS 1.28.07, 6.38.02. īšā IS 1.29.09. īšō NAP 1.28.09, 3.50.04. išasa- < aēž(d)-. īšā- ? < aēš-: *(bad) desires(?). īšanąm 1.32.12. išta- > aēš-. īšti- fem. < aēš- or yaz-: wish, ritual(?).— OI. iṣṭí-. īštiš 1.34.05, 2.44.10, 3.48.08, 5.53.01. īštīm 1.32.09, 2.46.02. īštā 2.46.16, 3.49.12. ištōis 4.51.02, 2.46.18, 4.51.18. īt̰ 1. pers. pron. > i-; 2. emphatic particle: even, indeed. īžā- fem.: milk libation. — OI. íḍā-. īžācā NS 3.49.05, 3.49.10. īžācīt̰ 4.51.01. īžaiiå GS 3.50.08. īžå NAP 6.38.02. īžiia- adj. < aēž-: *worthy of prayers. — OI. ī́ḍya-. īžīm ASm 6.41.03. īžiiāi DSm 6.40.03. J jaē-, pres. desid. jījiša- act.: to win. — OI. jígīṣa-. jījišəṇtī Ind 3P 6.39.01. jaiia-, jījišā-, jīti-, hujīti-. jaiia- masc. < jaē-: victory. — OI. jayá-. jaiiāiš IP 3.50.07. jainī- fem.: woman. — OI. jáni-. jə̄naiiō NP 5.53.06. gənā-. jan- < gam-, gan-. jasa- > gam-. jauuar- ?: who *spurs on. — Cf. OI. jū-, java-? jauuarō NAPm(?) 3.48.08. jiiāiti- < gaē-/jiiā-: life. ajiiāiti-, darəgō.jiiāiti-, duž.jiiāiti-, frajiiāiti-, hujiiāiti-. jiiātu- masc.: life, living, subsistence. — OI. jīvā́ tu-. jiiōtūm AS 1.31.15, 1.32.11, 1.32.12. jiiātə̄uš AbGS 1.32.09, 1.32.15, 2.46.04, 5.53.09. jima- > gam-. jī- > ərəžjī-, yauuaējī-. jījišā- fem.< jaē-: desire to win. jījišąm 6.35.08. jīti- fem. < jaē-: winnings. jītaiiō VP 6.38.05. jōiia- adj.: related to violence(?). jōiiā NAPn 1.32.07. juu- > gaē-/jiiā-. juua- adj. < gaē-/jiiā-: alive. juuā NPm 2.45.07. 20 MAY 16, 2022 – 1:33 PM OLD AVESTAN GLOSSARY kəhrpə̄m AS 1.30.07, 4.51.17, 6.36.06. kəhrpąm GP 6.36.06. kərə- < kar-. kərədu- adj.: weak. — OI. kr̥dhú-. *kərəduš APm 1.29.03. kərət- < kar-. rāniiō.skərəitī-. kəuuīna- masc. < kauuaē-?: *poetaster. kəuuīnō NS 4.51.12. kəuuītāt- fem. < kauuaē-: the word “kauui”. kəuuītåscā NS 1.32.15. kudā interr. adv. < kū: whither? — OI. kúha. 1.29.11. kudō.zāta- adj. < kudā + zāta- < zan-: wherever born. kudō.zātanąmcīt̰ GPm 6.39.02. kuθrā adv. < kū: where? — OI. kútra. 1.34.07, 2.44.15, 2.46.01, 4.51.04, 4.51.04, 4.51.04, 4.51.04, 4.51.04. kū adv.: where? — OI. kū̆. 4.51.04, 5.53.09. kudā, kuθrā. kaiiā NAPn 1.33.06. kainī- fem.: young (nubile) woman. kainibiiō DAbP 5.53.05. kamna- : few. kamnafšuua- neut.? < kamna- + pasu-: the fact of having few (kamna-) animals (fšu-). kamnafšuuā IS 2.46.02. kamnānar- adj.: having few men/heroes (nar-). kamnānā NSm 2.46.02. kan-, perf. cāxn-: to take pleasure. — OI. kan-. cāxnarə̄ 2.44.13. aṣ̌acinah-. kar-, pres. kərənao-, aor. kərə-/car-/cōr-, ppp. kərəta-: to do. kərənaon Su 3P 1.30.09. cōrət̰ AorInj 3S 2.44.07, 2.45.09. carat̰ AorSu 3S 2.46.04. kərəšuuā AorImp 2S mid. 6.40.01. zarəm : ?? zarəm carānī AorSu 1S 2.44.17. caxri-, hə̄ṇkərəiti-, hū.kərəta-, rāniiō.skərəitī-. karapan- masc.: *mumbler. — < ka- + rapa-, cf. OI. rapa-? karapā NS 1.32.12, 2.44.20. karapanō NP 2.46.11, 3.48.10, 4.51.14. karapō.tāt- fem. < karapan-: the word “karapan”. karapō.tåscā NS 1.32.15. kas-, aor. xsa- mid.: to look (out for). xsāi AorSu 1S 1.28.04. ā act.: to look hither (at: acc.). āxsō AorSu 2S 2.46.02. kasu- adj.: little. kasə̄uš 1.31.13. kasə̄ušcīt̰ 3.47.04. katāra- interr. pron. < ka-: which (of two). katārə̄m 2.44.12. katārəm 1.31.17. kaθā adv. < ka-: how? 1.29.02, 2.43.07, 2.44.02, 2.44.09, 2.44.11, 2.44.13, 2.44.14, 2.44.17, 2.44.18, 2.46.01, 3.50.02. kauuaē- masc.: poet-sacrificer. — OI. kaví-. kauuā NS 2.44.20, 2.46.14, 4.51.16. kauuacā 5.53.02. kāuuaiiascā NP 2.46.11. kāuuaiiascīt̰ 1.32.14. kəuuīna-, kəuuītāt-. kā- : to desire. kaiia-, kāma-, kāθə̄. kā- ? < kā-: desire, wish. kąm AS 2.44.20. kāma- masc. < kā-: desire, wish. — OI. kā́ ma-. kāməm AS 1.28.10. kāmahiiā GS 2.43.13. kāmē LS 1.32.13. kāθə̄ adv.: *as desired. — < kā-? 2.44.02, 3.47.04. kāuuaiias° > kauuaē-. kəhrp- fem.: body, form. — OI. kr≤p-. M ma- poss. pron.: my. mə̄ NSm 1.29.05, 2.44.08, 3.50.01. mā ISm 2.46.02, 3.49.01. mahiiā GSmn 1.32.09, 3.50.06. mahmī LSmn 1.32.01. mahmāi DSmn 3.50.07. mā NSf(?) 1.31.05, 1.32.16, 3.48.09. max́iiå GSf 2.44.10, 2.46.18, 3.50.09. mada- masc.: intoxication. — OI. máda-. madahiiā GS 3.48.10. maē- : to alternate. maēθa-, māiiā-(?), miθah-, miθahiia-. maēini- fem.: requital. — OI. mení-. maēiniš 1.31.15, 2.44.19. maēk-, pres. maēka-: to glitter. maēkaiṇtīšcā PrPt NAPf 6.38.03. maēt-, aor. maēt-?:. hə̄m.aibī act.: to *muster(?). hə̄m.aibī.mōist 3S 2.46.12. maēθ-, aor.? mōiθ-/miθ- act.: *deprive (of: abl.). mōiθat̰ AorSu(?) 3S 2.46.04. hə̄m act.: *deprive (of: abl.). hə̄miθiiāt̰ AorOp(?) 3S 5.53.09. maēθa- adj. < maē-: (ever-)changing. maēθā NSf 1.30.09. maēθā NAPn 1.31.12, 1.33.09, 1.34.06. maēz-, pres. minaz-/mīz-: to *care for(?). minaš Inj 2S 2.46.14. mīzə̄n Inj 3P 2.44.20. mag- > mimaγža-. maga- masc./neut.: the ceremony of exchange of gifts. — OI. maghá-. magə̄m AS 5.53.07. magāi DS 2.46.14, 4.51.11. 21 MAY 16, 2022 – 1:33 PM OLD AVESTAN GLOSSARY magāi.ā 1.29.11. magahiiā GS 4.51.16, 5.53.07. magauuan- masc. < maga-: the one in charge of the exchange of gifts. — OI. maghávan-. magaonō AbS 1.33.07. magauuabiiō DP 4.51.15. maiiā- > māiiā-. maiδiiōi.måŋha- fam. name(?): those of the halfmoon(?). maiδiiōi.måŋhā VS/P 4.51.19. mainī- fem.: *imagination(?). — Cf. OI. manīṣā́ -? maniiā IS 6.35.09. maniiāi DS 43.09.— Or < man-. mairišta- superl. of mar-: who remembers best. mairištō NSm 1.29.04. man-, pres. maniia-, aor. mə̄ṇgh-, man-, ppp. mata- mid.: to think. maniieṇtē Ind 3P 2.44.12. maniiaṇtā Inj 3P 1.34.08. maniiāi Su 1S 2.43.09.—Or < mainī-. mə̄ŋ́hī AorInj 1S 1.29.10, 1.31.08, 2.43.05, 2.43.07, 2.43.09, 2.43.11, 2.43.13, 2.43.15. mə̄ṇghācā AorInj 2S 6.39.04. maṇtā AorInj 3S 1.31.07, 1.31.19, 1.33.06, 4.51.16. amə̄hmaidī AorInd 1P 6.35.07. mə̄hmaidī AorInj 1P 2.46.13. mə̄nāicā AorSu 1S 2.45.03. mə̄ṇghāi AorSu 1S 2.43.04. mainimaidicā AorOp 1P 6.35.03. arə̄m mid.: to think appropriately of. arə̄m.maniiātā Inj 3S 2.45.11. tarə̄ mid.: to scorn, think little of. tarə̄.maniiaṇtā Inj 3P 2.45.11. tarə̄.mąstā Aor 3S 2.45.11. ārmaiti-(?), humata-, mainī-, mana-, manah-, manaoθrī-, maṇtu-, maniiu-, mąθra-, tarə̄maiti-, tušnā.maiti-. mana- masc./neut. < man-: *anger. manōi LS 1.32.01. mānaiia-. manah- neut. < man-: mind, thought. — OI. mánas-. manō NAS 1.29.11, 1.30.04, 1.30.06, 1.31.07, 1.33.04, 1.34.08, 3.48.04, 3.49.10, 4.51.04, 6.37.05. manascā 1.28.03, 1.28.05, 1.28.09, 1.28.11, 1.33.11. manaŋhā IS 1.28.02, 1.28.04, 1.28.06, 1.29.07, 1.29.10, 1.30.02, 1.30.07, 1.30.08, 1.31.04, 1.31.05, 1.31.06, 1.31.08, 1.31.11, 1.31.22, 1.32.02, 1.32.05, 1.32.06, 1.33.02, 1.33.06, 1.33.07, 1.33.08, 1.33.09, 1.33.10, 1.33.12, 1.34.02, 1.34.03, 1.34.05, 1.34.06, 1.34.15, 2.43.06, 2.43.07, 2.43.09, 2.43.11, 2.43.13, 2.43.15, 2.43.16, 2.44.01, 2.44.06, 2.44.08, 2.44.09, 2.44.16, 2.45.06, 2.45.09, 2.45.10, 2.46.03, 2.46.09, 2.46.10, 2.46.12, 2.46.13, 2.46.18, 3.47.01, 3.47.03, 3.48.12, 3.49.01, 3.49.02, 3.49.05, 3.49.06, 3.49.07, 3.49.12, 3.50.03, 3.50.04, 3.50.06, 3.50.07, 3.50.10, 3.50.11, 4.51.02, 4.51.07, 4.51.15, 4.51.20, 4.51.21, 5.53.02, 6.36.04. manaŋhācā 1.31.12. manaŋhō AbGS 1.27.13, 1.28.01, 1.28.02, 1.28.07, 1.28.08, 1.28.10, 1.30.01, 1.30.10, 1.31.08, 1.31.10, 1.31.17, 1.31.21, 1.32.03, 1.32.04, 1.32.09, 1.32.11, 1.32.13, 1.32.15, 1.33.03, 1.33.05, 1.33.13, 1.34.07, 1.34.09, 1.34.10, 1.34.11, 1.34.12, 1.34.13, 1.34.14, 2.43.01, 2.43.02, 2.43.04, 2.44.04, 2.44.13, 2.45.04, 2.45.09, 2.46.02, 2.46.14, 2.46.16, 3.47.02, 3.47.05, 3.48.03, 3.48.06, 3.48.07, 3.48.09, 3.48.11, 3.49.03, 3.50.01, 3.50.08, 3.50.09, 4.51.03, 4.51.11, 4.51.16, 4.51.18, 5.53.03, 5.53.04, 5.53.05, 5.54.01, 6.35.10, 6.39.03. manaŋhascā 1.33.14, 2.43.03, 2.46.07, 2.46.18. manahicā NADu 1.30.03. manå NAP 1.30.09, 2.45.02. duž.manah-, manahiia-, manaoθrī-, manə̄.vista-. manahiia- adj. < manah-: of thought. — OI. manasyá-. manahīm 5.53.06. manax́iiāicā 6.40.02, 6.41.06. manaoθrī- fem. < man-: which remind (of: gen.). manaoθrīš 2.44.05. manə̄.vista- adj.: found by/in (one’s) thought. manə̄.vistāiš IPn 2.46.19. maniiu- masc. < man-: spirit, inspiration. maniiuš NS 1.30.05, 1.31.09, 1.32.05, 5.53.07, 6.36.03. maniiušcā 1.34.02. maniiūm AS 1.33.09, 2.43.16. maniiū IS 1.31.03, 1.31.07, 1.31.12, 1.31.21, 1.33.12, 2.43.02, 2.43.06, 2.44.02, 2.44.07, 2.45.06, 3.47.01, 3.47.05, 3.47.06, 4.51.07, 6.36.01. maniiə̄uš AbGS 1.28.01, 1.28.11, 1.32.09, 1.33.06, 2.44.11, 2.45.05, 2.45.08, 3.47.02, 3.47.03, 3.47.04, 3.48.08. maniiū NADu 1.30.03, 1.30.04, 2.45.02. maniuuå GDu 1.30.05. maṇtu- masc. < man-: *verse-making(?). — OI. mantú-. maṇtūm AS 1.33.04. maṇtū IS 2.46.17. mar-, pres. mara-: to remember, memorize. — OI. smárati. marəṇtī Ind 3P 2.43.14. marəṇtō PrPt VPm 1.31.01. humərəiti-, mairišta-, marāni-. marāni- adj. < mar-: *rememberer. marānē VS 1.32.06. mard-, pres. mōrəṇda-, aor. marəd- at.: to divert. mōrəṇdat̰ Inj 3S 1.32.09, 1.32.10. mōrəṇdąn Su 3P 1.32.11, 1.32.12. marədaitī AorSu 3S 4.51.13. mark-, pres. mərəṇc-, aor. marəxš-. marəxšaitē AorSu 3S Mid 4.51.10. mərąš́ iiāt̰ PresOpt 3S 2.45.01. 22 MAY 16, 2022 – 1:33 PM OLD AVESTAN GLOSSARY mərəṇgduiiē Inf Mid 2.46.11, 5.53.06. vīmərəṇcaitē Pres 3P Mid 1.31.01. marəka-. marəka- masc. < mark-: destruction. marəkaēcā LS 1.31.18. mark-. marəta- masc.: mortal. — OI. márta-. marətaēibiiō DP 1.29.07, 2.45.05. marətaēšū LP 2.46.13. marətān- masc.: mortal man. marətānō NP 1.30.06, 1.32.12. marəxtar- masc. < mark-: destroyer. marəxtārō 1.32.13. marz- ?: to wipe (away, clean). — OI. mr̥ñj-. nī: to wipe out. nī ... mərąždiiāi Inf 2.44.14. maržd-, pres. mərəžda- act. [or mərəž.dā-?]: to have mercy. — OI. mr̥ḍáti. mərəždātā Imp 2P 1.33.11. masa- ?: *meet out(?). masatā 3S Mid 5.54.01. mašā adv.?: ??. mašā 1.29.11. maṣ̌iia- masc.: mortal man. — OI. mártya-. maṣ̌īm AS 1.32.05, 2.46.11. maṣ̌iiā NP 1.32.04. maṣ̌iiåŋhō NP 1.30.11. maṣ̌iiə̄ṇg AP 1.32.08. maṣ̌iiąscā AP 2.45.11. maṣ̌iiāišcā IP 1.29.04, 1.34.05, 3.48.01. maṣ̌iiaēšū LP 2.43.11. maṣ̌iiā- fem..: mortal woman. maṣ̌iiå NAP 3.48.05. mat̰ pre/postpos. + instr.: with. 1.32.01, 1.34.11, 2.43.14, 2.44.07, 2.44.15, 2.45.09, 2.46.19, 3.48.11, 3.50.08. mauuaiθiia- adj. < mauuaṇt-: worthy of one like me. mauuaiθīm NASn 6.40.01, 6.41.05. mauuaṇt- adj. < ma-: one like me. — OI. mā́ vant-. mauuaitē DSm 2.44.01, 2.46.07. mauuaiθiia-. maz- > dā-, mazdā-. maz- adj.: great. — OI. máh-. maš NSm 1.32.03, 1.34.09. mazōi DSm 1.29.11, 2.46.14. mazə̄ AbSm 1.30.02. mazbīš IPm 1.32.11. maziiah-, mazišta-. mazan- neut. < maz-: greatness. mazə̄nācā IS 6.37.02. mazdā- masc.: he who puts all in his mind. mazdå nom. 1.29.04, 1.29.06, 1.29.07, 1.30.11, 1.31.02, 1.31.21, 1.32.02, 1.32.12, 1.33.05, 2.43.01, 2.45.03, 2.45.04, 2.45.05, 2.45.06, 2.45.07, 2.45.09, 2.45.10, 2.46.12, 2.46.13, 2.46.16, 2.46.17, 3.47.01, 3.47.02, 3.48.06, 4.51.06, 4.51.15, 4.51.16, 4.51.17, 4.51.20, 4.51.21, 4.51.22, 5.53.01, 5.53.04, 5.54.01, 6.38.04. mazdåscā 1.30.09, 1.31.04, 1.33.11, 5.53.03. mazdā VS 1.28.01, 1.28.02, 1.28.06, 1.28.07, 1.28.09, 1.28.10, 1.28.11, 1.29.08, 1.29.10, 1.29.11, 1.30.08, 1.30.10, 1.31.03, 1.31.05, 1.31.07, 1.31.08, 1.31.09, 1.31.11, 1.31.13, 1.31.14, 1.31.16, 1.31.17, 1.31.19, 1.31.22, 1.32.06, 1.32.07, 1.32.08, 1.32.09, 1.32.11, 1.32.13, 1.32.16, 1.33.04, 1.33.06, 1.33.07, 1.33.08, 1.33.09, 1.33.10, 1.33.12, 1.34.01, 1.34.02, 1.34.03, 1.34.04, 1.34.05, 1.34.06, 1.34.07, 1.34.08, 1.34.09, 1.34.10, 1.34.11, 1.34.12, 1.34.13, 1.34.14, 1.34.15, 2.43.02, 2.43.03, 2.43.04, 2.43.05, 2.43.06, 2.43.07, 2.43.08, 2.43.09, 2.43.11, 2.43.13, 2.43.14, 2.43.15, 2.43.16, 2.44.01, 2.44.02, 2.44.03, 2.44.04, 2.44.07, 2.44.08, 2.44.09, 2.44.10, 2.44.11, 2.44.14, 2.44.15, 2.44.16, 2.44.17, 2.44.18, 2.44.20, 2.45.11, 2.46.01, 2.46.02, 2.46.03, 2.46.04, 2.46.05, 2.46.07, 2.46.08, 2.46.10, 2.46.14, 2.46.18, 2.46.19, 3.47.03, 3.47.04, 3.47.05, 3.47.06, 3.48.02, 3.48.03, 3.48.04, 3.48.08, 3.48.09, 3.48.10, 3.48.11, 3.48.12, 3.49.01, 3.49.02, 3.49.03, 3.49.05, 3.49.06, 3.49.07, 3.49.08, 3.49.10, 3.49.12, 3.50.01, 3.50.02, 3.50.03, 3.50.04, 3.50.05, 3.50.06, 3.50.07, 3.50.08, 3.50.09, 3.50.10, 3.50.11, 4.51.01, 4.51.02, 4.51.03, 4.51.04, 4.51.07, 4.51.08, 4.51.09, 4.51.10, 4.51.11, 4.51.18, 5.53.09, 6.36.01, 6.36.05, 6.36.06, 6.37.03, 6.39.04, 6.40.01, 6.40.01, 6.40.03, 6.40.04, 6.41.02, 6.41.04, 6.41.05. mazdąm AS 1.29.05, 1.30.05, 2.45.08, 6.37.01. mazdąmcā 1.28.03. mazdāi DS 1.27.13, 1.28.05, 1.31.01, 1.31.06, 1.33.14, 6.35.05, 6.41.01. mazdå gen. 1.28.04, 1.31.10, 1.32.01, 1.32.04, 1.33.02, 6.35.07, 6.36.02, 6.36.03, 6.36.03, 4.51.19, 5.53.02. ahura.mazdā. mazdā- fem.?: *memory. — OI. medhā́ -. mazdąmcā AS 6.40.01. mazdāθa- adj < mə̄ąn.dā-: worthy of placing in one’s mind. mazdāθā NAPn 1.30.01. maziiah- compar. of maz-: greater. — OI. máhīyas-. maziiō NASn 1.31.17. mazišta- superl. of maz-: greatest. — OI. máhiṣṭha-. mazištō NSm 3.49.01, 5.53.08. mazištəm ASmn 1.28.05, 2.45.06. vīspə̄.mazištəm ASm 1.33.05. mazištāi DSmn 6.36.02. mazištąm ASf 1.31.13. mā negation: do not 1.31.17, 1.31.18, 3.48.05. mā-, pres. mīma-. frā act.: to break (a deal). framīmaθā 1.32.04. māh- masc.: moon. — OI. mā́ s-. 23 MAY 16, 2022 – 1:33 PM OLD AVESTAN GLOSSARY mīždē LS 3.49.09. mīždauuan- masc.: holder of the fee. mīždauuąn NAPn 2.43.05. mošu° adv.: soon. — OI. makṣú. mošucā 5.53.08. mōiiastrā.barana- neut.(?): the bringing of ...(?). mōiiastrā.baranā 1.30.09. mōrəṇda- < mard-. mrao-, pres. mrao-/mru-, aor. vaoca-, aor. pass. vācī, fut. vaxšiia-, perf. vaok-, ppp. uxta- act.: to say, speak. mraomī Ind 1S 5.53.05. mraoš Inj 2S 1.34.13, 2.43.12. mraot̰ Inj 3S 1.32.12, 2.45.05, 2.46.09, 4.51.19. mraotā Inj 2P 2.43.11. mraotū Imp 3S 1.31.17. mrauuaitī Su 3S 4.51.08. mrauuat̰ 2.45.02, 2.46.05. mruiiāt̰ Op 3S 4.51.08. mrūitē Inf 3.49.06. ə̄.vaocat̰ AorInd 3S 1.29.06. vaocascā AorInj 2S 6.39.04. vaocat̰ AorInj 3S 1.34.10, 2.45.03. vaocā AorImp 2S 1.31.03, 1.31.05, 1.34.15, 2.44.01, 2.44.02, 2.44.03, 2.44.04, 2.44.05, 2.44.06, 2.44.07, 2.44.08, 2.44.09, 2.44.10, 2.44.11, 2.44.12, 2.44.13, 2.44.14, 2.44.15, 2.44.16, 2.44.17, 2.44.18, 2.44.19, 3.48.02. vaocacā AorSu 1S 2.45.03. vaocāt̰ AorSu 3S 1.31.06. vaocōimācā AorOp 1P 6.35.03. auuācī AorIndPass 3S 6.36.06. vācī AorInjPass 3S 2.43.13. vaxšiiā Fut 1S 1.30.01, 2.46.15, 4.51.08. vaocaŋ́hē Inf 1.28.11. aṇtarə mid.: to ban. aṇtarə.mruiiē Ind 1S Mid 3.49.03. ā: to call hither. āuuaocāmā AorInj 1P 6.38.05. ərəš: to speak straight. ərəžūcąm AorImp 3s Mid 3.48.09. frā: to proclaim. frō ... mruiiāt̰ Op 3S 2.46.05. frauuaocāmā AorInj 1P 6.35.09. frāuuaocā AorImp 2S 1.34.12, 2.46.07. frauuaxšiiā Fut 1S 2.44.06, 2.45.01, 2.45.02, 2.45.03, 2.45.04, 2.45.05, 2.45.06. fraoxtā PPP NAPn 3.48.01. paitī act.: to answer. paitī.mraot̰ Inj 3S 1.32.02. paiti.mrauuat̰ Su 3S 1.29.03. parə̄ act.: to say (are) beyond. parə̄ ... parə̄.vaoxəmā Pf 1P 1.34.05. hūxta-, uruuāxš.uxti-, uxδa-, vaxəδra-, xšmā.uxδa-. mrao- ?: to harm(?). mraoī AorPass 3S 1.32.14. mraok-, pres. mraoca- act.: to move (back and forth). mraocąs PrPt NSm 5.53.07. mūθra- neut.: urine. må NS 2.44.03. mə̄ṇg GS(?) 3.48.02. maiδiiōi.måŋha-. māiiā-, maiiā- fem. < maē-: the creative (magic of) change. — OI. māyā́ -. maiiā NS 1.33.09. māiiå NAP 2.43.02. humāiia-, maēθa-. mānaiia- act.< mana-: to make angry. mānaiieitī 3.49.02. mātar- fem.: mother. mātarō 6.38.05. mātərąšcā 6.38.05. mąnari- masc.: *blamer, *memorizer(?). mąnarōiš GS 3.48.10. mąθra- masc. < man-: thought formula. — OI. mántra-. mąθrəm AS 1.29.07, 1.31.06, 2.45.03. mąθrąscā AP 1.31.18. mąθrā IS 1.28.05, 1.28.07, 2.44.17. mąθrāiš IP 2.44.14. mąθrā- fem. < man-: thought formula. mąθrå NAP 2.43.14. mąθrān- masc. < mąθra-: formula-holder. — Cf. OI. mantrín-. mąθrā NS 3.50.06, 4.51.08. mąθrānē DS 3.50.05. mąθrānō GS 1.32.13. mąθranascā NP 6.41.05. mązā.raiia- adj.: bestowing wealth. — Cf. OI. maṁhayádrayi-. mązā.raiiā ISf 2.43.12. mązā.xšaθra- adj.: betowing command. mązā.xšaθrāNSf 3.49.10. mərəθiiu- masc.: death. — OI. mr̥tyú-. mərəθiiaoš GS 5.53.08. mərəžd- > maržd-. mərəždika- masc. < maržd-: mercy. — OI. mr̥ḍīká-. mərəždikāi DS 4.51.04. mə̄m ?: ?? 5.53.04. mə̄ṇg > dā-, māh-. mə̄ṇg.dā-, mə̄ndā- > dā-. miiazda- masc.: food offering. — OI. miyédha-. miiazdəm AS 1.34.03. miiās- > yam-. mimaγža- < mag-: who wishes to *exchange gifts with. mimaγžō NSm 2.45.10. miθah- neut. < maē-: falseness. miθahiia-, miθahuuacah-. miθahiia- adj.: of crooked (speech). miθahiiā ISm 1.33.01. miθahuuacah- adj.: whose words are ever-changing, i.e., false. miθahuuacå NSm 1.31.12. miθra- neut.: contract. miθrōibiiō AbP 2.46.05. mīžda- neut.: fee. mīždəm NAS 1.34.13, 2.44.18, 2.44.19, 2.46.19, 4.51.15, 5.53.07, 5.54.01, 6.40.01, 6.41.05. 24 MAY 16, 2022 – 1:33 PM OLD AVESTAN GLOSSARY āždiiāi Inf 4.51.17. frā act.: to reach. frąštā 2.43.14. frōsiiāt̰ AorOp 3S 2.46.08. nazdišta- superl. of āsna-: nearest. — OI. nédiṣṭha-. nazdištąm ASf 1.33.04, 3.50.03. nā interr. part. (mostly indistinguishable from nā NS of nar-). — Lat. -ne? kə̄mnā 2.46.07. ciθənā 2.44.20. nā- : to swim, wash. hūšnāθra-. nāidiiah- compar. of ādra-: more lowly. — Cf. OI. nādh-? nāidiiåŋhəm ASf 1.34.08. nāirī- fem. < nar-: woman. — OI. nā́ rī-. nāirī NS 6.35.06, 6.41.02. nāiribiiascā DP 5.54.01. nāirinąmcā GP 6.37.03, 6.39.02. nāman- neut.: name. — OI. nā́ man-. nāmə̄nī NAP 6.37.03. nāmąn NAP 6.38.04. nāmə̄nīš IP (YAv.) 4.51.22. nāmanąm GP 6.36.03. nās-, pres. nāša- mid.: to bring(?). ā: to bring to. ā ... anāšē Inf 2.44.14. nīš ... auuā act.: to bring out (and) down upon. nīš ... nāšāmā ... auuā Su 1P 2.44.13. nās- ?: *attainment(?). nāšū LP 6.38.05. nąmišta- superl. < YAv. namra- < nam-: most flexible, most sinuous. — OI. namrá-. nąmištahiiā 6.36.02. nəm- > nam-. nəma- ?: grazing land(?). nəmōi LS(?) 2.46.01. nəmah- neut. < nam-: homage. nəmə̄ 2.44.01. nəmascā 3.49.10. nəmaŋhā 1.28.01, 1.34.03, 2.45.08, 3.50.06, 3.50.08, 4.51.05, 4.51.20, 6.36.02. nəmaŋhō 2.43.09, 2.44.01. nəmaxvaṇt-, nəmax́iia-. nəmaxvaṇt- adj. < nəmah-: accompanied by homages. — OI. námasvant-. nəmaxvaitīš APf 1.33.07. nəmax́iia- < nəmah- act.: to do homage. — OI. namasyá-. nəmax́iiāmahī Ind 1P 6.36.05, 6.38.04, 6.39.04. nərəfsa- act. •narp: to wane. nipā- > pā-. nišąsiia- ?: ?. nišąsiiā 3.50.02. nī preverb: into, away. nī.dā- > dā-. nī.pā- > pā-. nī.marz- > marz-. mūθrəm NAS 3.48.10. N na- poss. pron. 1 plur.-dual(?): our. nā NAPn 2.43.02. nabah- neut. plur.: heaven. nabåscā NAP 2.44.04. nad-, pres. nada- act.: to belittle. — OI. nádati? nadəṇtō NAPm 1.33.04. naē°: not naē-, aor. naēš- act.: to lead. — OI. náyati. naēšat̰ AorSu 3S 1.31.20. naēci- indef. pron.: no one > ci-. naēdā neg.: nor. 1.29.06, 2.45.02, 2.45.02, 2.46.01, 3.49.02. naēstar- agent noun < •naēd: blamer. naēnaēstārō 6.35.02. nam-, pres. nəma- mid.: to bend (in homage). — OI. námate. nəmōi Ind 1S Mid 2.46.01. nəmah-, nəmaxvaṇt-. nanā adv.: one way or the other. — OI. nā́ nā. nanā 3.48.04. napāt- masc.: grandson. — OI. nápāt-. nafšucā LP 2.46.12. naptiia- masc.: *great-grandson(?). naptiiaēšū LP 2.46.12. nar- masc.: man, hero. nā NS 1.32.10, 2.43.03, 2.43.14, 2.43.15, 2.44.19, 2.45.02, 2.46.06, 2.46.10, 2.46.13, 3.47.04, 3.48.07, 3.50.01, 4.51.08, 4.51.10, 4.51.11, 4.51.19, 4.51.21, 6.35.06, 6.41.02. kasnā 2.44.03, 2.44.03, 2.44.04, 2.44.04. narə̄m.narəm AS 1.30.02. narōi DS 1.28.08. nərəš GS 1.29.09, 1.34.02. narō NP 3.48.10, 5.53.06. nərąš AP 2.45.07, 6.40.03. nərəbiiascā DP 5.54.01. narąmcā GP 6.37.03, 6.39.02. kamnānar-, naīrī-. narp-, pres. nərəfsa- act.: to wane. nərəfsaitī Ind 3S 2.44.03. narəpi- adj.?: *defective(?). narəpīš APm/f 5.53.09. nas-, (pres. YAv. ašnao-) pf. nə̄nās-/nąs- act.: to perish, be spent, go astray. — OI. náśyati, aor. néśat. nasiiaṇtō PrPt NAPm 1.32.04. anąsat̰ AorInd 3S 5.53.07. nąsat̰ AorInj 3S 5.53.06. nąsuuå PfPt NSm 4.51.13. vī: to perish utterly. vī.nə̄nāsā Pf 3S 1.32.15. nas-, pres.(?) nąsa-, aor. ąs-/as- act.: to reach. — OI. naḥ-. nąsat̰ Inj 3S 4.51.16. ā: to reach. 25 MAY 16, 2022 – 1:33 PM OLD AVESTAN GLOSSARY paθō AbS 4.51.13. paiθī LS 3.50.04. padəbīš IP 4.51.16. paθąm GP 1.31.09. paθō 1.33.05, 1.34.12, 2.43.03, 5.53.02. paouruuiia- > pauruuiia-. par-, pres. pərənā- act., perf. pāfr-: to fill. — OI. pr̥ṇā́ ti. pərənā Su 1S 1.28.10. pāfrē Pf 3S Mid 3.49.01. pərəna-. par-, aor. fra- act.: to cross. — OI. píparti. aibī act.:.to cross over to. abifrā AorSu 1S 1.33.13. frā: to cross (over). frō ... frafrā AorSu 1S 2.46.10. pərətu-. par- : to owe. pərəθa-, pəṣ̌a-. para(cā) adv.: (and) forth 5.53.07. parā prep. + abl.: before 1.30.02. parə̄. parā adv.: before, already 4.51.15, 5.53.06, 5.53.07. parā hiiat̰ conj.: before 2.43.12, 3.48.02. parāhu- masc.: the state of existence beyond, a higher existence. parāhūm AS 2.46.19. parə̄ prep. + abl.: before 1.33.07. parā. parə̄.mrao- > mrao-. parə̄ṇdi- fem.: deity of plenty. — OI. púram˘dhi-. parə̄ṇdīm AS 6.38.02. pars-, pres. pərəsa-, aor. fras-, fraš-, ppp. paršta- act.: to ask; mid. to consult;. pərəsā Ind 1S 1.31.14, 1.31.15, 1.31.16, 2.44.01, 2.44.02, 2.44.03, 2.44.04, 2.44.05, 2.44.06, 2.44.07, 2.44.08, 2.44.09, 2.44.10, 2.44.11, 2.44.12, 2.44.13, 2.44.14, 2.44.15, 2.44.16, 2.44.17, 2.44.18, 2.44.19, 2.44.20. pərəsaitē Ind 3S Mid 1.31.12. pərəsat̰ Inj 3S 1.29.02. pərəsat̰ cā 2.43.07. pərəsaētē Ind 3Du Mid 1.31.13. pərəsāi Su 1S Mid 2.44.12. pərəsācā Imp 2S 2.43.10. fərasə̄m 2.43.09. frašī AorInj 1S Mid 2.44.08, 2.45.06. fraštā AorInj 3S Mid 3.49.02. pərəsąs PrPt NSm 4.51.05. pərəsmanə̄ṇg PrPtMid APm 1.30.06. parštə̄m PPP NASn 2.43.10. parštā NAPn 2.43.10. ā.pars- mid.: to consult. āfraštā 4.51.11. hə̄m mid.: to consult (with: instr.). hə̄m... fraštā 3.47.03. hə̄m.fərašuuā 5.53.03. hə̄mə.fraštā 3.47.03. frasā-, frašti-, hə̄m.paršti-. nī.var- > var-. nī.šan- > han-. nīš prev.: out. nīš.dā- > dā-. nīš.nās- > nās-. nōit̰ negation: not; do not (with optative) 1.31.10, 1.32.15, 2.43.15, 2.45.02, 2.46.08, 2.46.17, 3.49.02, 1.28.09, 1.29.01, 1.29.03, 1.29.03, 1.29.05, 1.29.05, 1.29.06, 1.30.03, 1.30.06, 1.31.02, 1.31.05, 1.31.09, 1.31.15, 1.34.08, 2.43.12, 2.44.12, 2.44.13, 2.44.13, 2.44.19, 2.44.20, 2.45.01, 2.45.02, 2.45.02, 2.45.02, 2.45.02, 2.45.02, 2.45.03, 2.45.04, 2.46.01, 2.46.06, 2.46.08, 3.47.04, 3.49.04, 3.49.09, 4.51.06, 4.51.12, 4.51.14. nū adv.: now. nū 1.29.11, 2.45.01, 2.45.01, 2.45.01, 2.45.08. nūcīt̰ 4.51.01. nūrə̄m adv.: now. nūrə̄mcīt̰ 1.31.07. P pada- neut.: step. — OI. padá-. padāiš IP 3.50.08. paēš-, pres. pišiia- act.: to *withhold. pišiiasū 3.50.02. pišiieiṇtī 2.44.20. pairigaēθa- adj. < gaēθā-: universal(?). pairigaēθē LSm 1.34.02. pairimaiti- fem.: distraught mind(?). pairimatōišcā AbS 1.32.03. pairī postp. + loc. 1.29.05, 1.34.08. pairī.aēš- > aēš-. pairī.aog- > aog-. pairī.ciθīt̰ adv.: whenever till now(?) 1.29.04. pairī.dā- > dā-. pairī.jasa- > gam-. paiti- masc.: master. — OI. páti-. paitišə NS 2.44.09. paiθiiaēcā DS 5.53.04. patōiš GS 2.45.11. paitiiāstar- masc. < ah-?: *returner. paitiiāstārəmcā 6.35.09. paitiiāsti- fem. < ah-?: rejoinder. paitiiāstīm 5.53.03. paitī postp. + loc.: in return for 1.33.11, 4.51.22, 6.38.05, 6.40.01. paitī.aē- > aē-. paitī.ərətē > ar-. paitiiaogət̰ adv. < aog-: *in response 2.46.08. paitī.baod- > baod-. paitī.mrao- > mrao-. paitī.sə̄ṇda- adj. < saṇd-: who shows pleasure in return. paitī.sə̄ṇdå NAPf 6.38.05. paitī.siia- > sā-. paitī.zān- > zan-. paṇtā- masc.: path. — OI. pánthāḥ. 26 MAY 16, 2022 – 1:33 PM OLD AVESTAN GLOSSARY pourutəma-. pourucistā- pers. name. fem.: who is distinguished among/by many. pourucistā NS 5.53.1. pourutəma- superl. < pouru-: most numerous. — OI. purutáma-. pourutəmāiš IPm 1.34.01. pōi > pā-. ptar- masc.: father. — OI. pitár-. ptā NS 2.44.03, 2.45.11, 3.47.02. patarə̄m AS 1.31.08, 2.45.04. fəδrōi DS 5.53.04. piθrē DS 2.44.07. puθra- masc.: son. — OI. putrá-. puθrəm AS 2.44.07. paršta- > pars-. paru- > pouru-. pasu- masc.: cattle. — OI. paśú-. pasə̄uš AbGS 1.31.15, 3.50.01. pasūš AP 2.45.09. fšao-, kamnafšuua-. pasuka- masc < pasu-: (dear) cattle. pasukanąmcā GP 6.39.01. patar- < ptar-. pat- : to fall, fly. auuapasti-, paθman-. paθman- neut.: flight. — OI. pátman-. paθmə̄ṇg GS 2.46.04. pauru- > pouru-. pauruuatāt- fem.: first fruit. pauruuatātəm 1.33.14. pauruuatātā 6.37.02. pauruuiia- adj.: first, original.. — OI. pūrvyà-. pauruiiō NSm 1.28.11, , 1.30.07, 1.31.07, 2.44.03, 2.44.11, 2.46.09, 4.51.03, 4.51.15. pauruuīm ASm 1.29.10, 1.31.08. pauruiiehiiā GSmn 1.33.01, 3.48.06. pauruiiē NADum(?) 1.30.03, 2.45.02 pauruiiē NPm(?) 6.36.01. paoiriiāiš IPmn 2.46.15. pauruiiē NSf 2.44.19. paoiriiå NAPf 2.46.06. pauruuīm NASn 1.28.01, 2.43.08, 2.43.11, 2.44.02, 2.45.03, 4.51.02. pauruuīm adv.: first (of all) 1.30.04, 1.31.11, 2.43.05. pā-, pres. pā- act.: to protect. — OI. pā́ ti. pāiiāt̰ Op 3S 2.46.08. pāt̰ Inj 3S 2.46.04. pāt̰ Su 3S 1.32.13. pōi Inf 2.44.15, 2.44.16. nī mid.: to guard, keep, preserve. nipåŋ́hē Ind 2S Mid 1.28.11, 3.49.10. pāiiu- masc.: (heavenly) protector. — OI. pāyú-. pāiiūm AS 2.46.07. pərəna- adj. < par-: full (of: gen.). pərənåŋhō 2.44.13. pərətu- masc. < par-: ford, passage. pərətuš NS 2.46.11. pərətūm AS 2.46.10. pərətao LS 4.51.12, 4.51.13 hupərəθβa-. pərəθa- adj. < •par: which must be redeemed. pərəθā NAPn 3.48.02. pərəθu- adj.: broad(-chested). — OI. pr̥thú-. pərəθūš AS 3.50.07. pəṣ̌a- adj. < par-: having forfeited (+ gen.). pəṣ̌ō NSm 5.53.09. pouru- adj.: much, many. — OI. purú-. paraoš GSmn 3.47.04. paourušū LPm 3.50.02. paourūš APm 2.43.15, 3.47.06. pourubiiō DPm 1.34.08. pouru NASn 1.32.06. R raē- masc.: wealth. — OI. rayí-/rāy-. rāiiō GS 2.43.01. mązā.raiia-. raēk-, ppp. irixta-: to leave. — OI. riṇákti. irixta-: left-over, remnant. irixtəm NAS 1.32.07, 2.44.02. raēxənah- neut. < raēk-: *heritage. — OI. rékṇas-. raēxənaŋhō GS 1.32.11. raēxənå NAP 1.34.07. raēθ-, pres. rōiθβa- act.: to blend with. rōiθβən NASn 1.31.07. rafəδra- neut. < rap-: support. rafəδrəm NAS 2.46.02 (- m), rafəδrəm 4.51.20. rafəδrāi DS 1.28.03, 1.33.13, 2.46.12, 5.54.01, 5.54.01. rafəδrahiiā GS 1.28.01. rafənah- neut. < rap-: support. rafənō NAS 1.28.06, 2.43.08, 2.43.14. rafənaŋhō GS 6.40.03. rafənahī LS 6.41.04. rah-, pres. caus. råŋhaiia-, pres. intens. rārəšiia- act.: to move away (from); cause: to remove. råŋhaiiən Inj 3P 1.32.12. rārəšiiaṇtī Ind 3P 3.47.04. rārəšiiąn Su 3P 1.32.11. rārəša-. raiθiia- masc.: chariot horse [or raiθī- masc.: charioteer]. — OI. rathyà- (rathī́-]. raiθīm AS 3.50.06. rajī̆-- fem.: *rope(?). — Skt. rajjī-? rajīš AP 5.53.09. raocah- neut. < •raok: light. — OI. °rocas-. raocå NAP 3.50.10, 6.36.06. raocåscā 2.44.05, 6.37.01. raocə̄bīš IP 1.30.01, 1.31.07. raocōŋhuuaṇt- adj. < raocah-: full of light, with light. raocōŋhuuat̰ NASn 6.37.04. raod-, pres. urūraod- act., aor. raod- mid.: to wail, howl. — OI. róditi. urūraost Inj 3S 4.51.12. 27 MAY 16, 2022 – 1:33 PM OLD AVESTAN GLOSSARY rārəša- adj. < rah-: moving away (from). rārəšō NSm 3.49.02. rāstī > rā-. rātā- fem. < rā-: generosity, gift. rātąm AS 1.33.14, 2.43.09. rāiti-. rāθəma- masc.: *composition. rāθəmō NS 2.44.17, 5.53.06. rāzar/n-neut. < •rāz: rule. rāzarə̄ NAS 1.34.12. rašnā IS 2.46.05. rāzə̄ṇg GS 3.50.06. rāšnąm GP 1.34.12. rəma- masc.: obstruction. rəmō NS 1.29.01. rəməm AS 3.48.07. *rəməmcā 3.49.04. raostā AorInj 3S Mid 1.29.09. raod- 2, pres. urudōiia- mid.: to prevent. — OI. ruṇaddhi. urudōiiatā Inj 3S 2.44.20. raop-, pres. caus. urūpaiia-: to cause indigestion. Cf. OI. rúpyati. urūpaiieiṇtī 3.48.10. rap-, pres. rapa- act.: to support. — OI. rápati-. rapōišcā Op 2S 6.41.04. rapaṇtē PrPt DSm 1.34.04. rapaṇtō PrPt NPm 1.28.02. rapə̄n PrPt NASn 4.51.18. ā: to support (here). ā ... arapā Imp 2S 3.49.01. raš-, pres. denom. rāšaiia- < rašah-: to cause harm. rāšaiieŋ́hē Inf 3.49.03, 4.51.09. rašah- neut. < raš-: harm. — OI. rákṣås-. rašō NAS 1.30.11. rašn- > rāzar/nratu- masc.: (heavenly) model (for worldly phenomena). — OI. r̥tú-. ratuš NS 1.27.13, 1.29.02, 1.29.06. ratūm AS 1.31.02, 2.44.16, 4.51.05. ratūš AP 1.33.01, 2.43.06. ərəθβa-. razišta- superl. of ərəzu-: straightest. — OI. rájiṣṭha-. razištā 1.33.01. rā-, pres. rāh-: act. to give; mid. to receive(??). — OI. rā́ ti. rāstī Ind 3S 5.53.09. råŋhaŋhōi Aor Su 2S Mid 1.28.08. rāiti-, rātā-. rād-, pres. rāda- act.: to *prepare, direct(?). — OI. rādhnóti. rādəṇtī Ind 3P 1.33.02. rādəm Inj 1S 1.29.09. rādat̰ Inj 3S 4.51.06. rādah- neut.: generous gift. — OI. rā́ dhas-. rādaŋhā IS 2.46.13. rādaŋhō GS 2.45.07, 2.46.17. rādå NAP 1.28.07. rāiti- fem.: gift rā-: gift. — OI. rātí-. rāitī 6.40.01, 6.40.04. rātaiiō 1.33.07. rātōiš 1.29.11, 6.38.05. rātā-. rāman- neut.: peace. rāmā NAS 3.47.03. rāmācā 6.35.04. rāmąn NAP 3.48.11. rāmąncā 1.29.10, 5.53.08. rāna- masc./neut.: thigh, leg. rānōibiiā DDu 1.31.03, 3.47.06, 4.51.09. rąnaiiå GDu 1.31.19. rānōibiiō DP 2.43.12. rāniiō.skərəitī- adj. fem. < rāniiah- + kərət-: joybringing. — Cf. OI. raṇakŕ̥t-. rāniiō.skərəitīm AS 2.44.06, 3.47.03, 3.50.02. S saēžd- > siiazd-. sak-, pres. saš́ a- ?: to *master(?). — OI. śaknóti. saš́ aθā Ind 2P 1.30.11. saš́ əṇcā Inj 3P 5.53.01. sand-, aor. sąs- act.: to appear. — OI. chadáyati. sąs AorInj 2S 2.46.19. sąs AorInj 3S 2.43.11. sąstā AorInj/Imp 2P 1.29.01. paitī.sə̄ṇda-. sao-, sauuaiia-, pres. fut. saošiia- act.: to revitalize. sauuaiiō Inj 2S 4.51.09. saošiiąs PrPt NSm 3.48.09. saošiiaṇtō PrPt NPm 2.45.11, 3.48.12, 5.53.02. saošiiaṇtąm PrPt GPm 1.34.13, 2.46.03. sūidiiāi Inf 2.44.02, 3.49.03. asūra-, sauua-, sauuah-, səuuišta-, sū-, yauuaēsū-; aspə̄n-, spaniiah-, spəṇta-, spə̄n-, spə̄ništa-. saok-, pres. saocaiia- act.: to burn. — OI. śócati. auuā: to purify by burning(?). saocaiiat̰ auuō Inj 3S 1.32.14. suxra-, sūc-. sar- fem.: association (with: instr.). sarə̄m AS 3.49.08, 3.49.09, 5.53.03. sarōi DS 2.44.17. sarə̄ AbS 3.49.03. sarō AbS 1.31.21. sairī LS 6.35.08. sarəjan-. sar-, pres. sāra-, aor. sārš- act.: to be associated (with instr.). — Cf. śrīṇā́ ti. sārəṇtē Ind 3P 4.51.03. sārəštā AorInj 3S 3.49.05. sārəmnō PrPtMid NSm 1.32.02. sarədanā- fem.: *rivalry(?). sarədanå NAP 2.43.14. sarəidiia- ?: *masses (heaven and earth?). Cf. OI. śardh-. sarəidiiaiiå 1.33.09. 28 MAY 16, 2022 – 1:33 PM OLD AVESTAN GLOSSARY sąstrāi 2.46.03. səuuišta- superl. of sūra-: rich in vitalizing strength, strong. — OI. śáviṣṭha-. səuuištō NSm 1.33.11. səuuištāi DSm 1.28.05. sə̄ṇda- adj.?: *boastfully pleased. — OI. chánda“bragging”? sə̄ṇdā NPm 4.51.14. sə̄ṇgh- > sąh-. sə̄ṇgha- masc. < sąh-: announcement. — OI. śáṁsa-. sə̄ṇghō NS 1.32.06, 4.51.14. sə̄ṇghā IS 2.44.16. sə̄ṇghahiiā GS 2.43.14, 2.44.14, 3.48.12. sə̄ŋ́hē LS 4.51.07. sə̄ṇghā NP 2.45.02. sə̄ṇghåŋhō NP 3.48.03. sə̄ṇghąscā AP 1.31.11. sə̄ṇghāiš IP 2.46.03. sə̄ṇghāišcā 4.51.14. sə̄ŋhana- neut. < sąh-: *announcing. — Skt. śaṁsana-. sə̄ŋhanāiš IP 1.32.09. sə̄ṇghu- masc. < sąh-: *announcer. sə̄ṇghūš AP 1.34.07. siiazd-, pres. sīždiia-, aor siiazd- act.: to remove, move (sb.) away (from)(?). sīždiiamnā PrPtMid NPm 1.32.04. siiazdat̰ AorSu 3S 1.34.09. sinā- fem.: < •saēd? a cut, division(?). sinąm AS 2.44.14. sīša- > sāh-. sīžd- > siiazd-. skəṇda- masc./skəndah- neut. < •skand: *puncture, *deflation. skəṇdō NS 1.30.10. snaiθiš- neut.: weapon. Cf. OI. śnath-. snaiθišā 1.31.18. spaē-, pres. intens. hōišpi-, ppp. spita- act.: to fatten. hōiš.piθā Ind 2P 5.53.06. spaiiaθra-, spitama-. spaiiaθra- neut. < spaē-: *tumescence(?). spaiiaθrahiiā GS 1.30.10. spaniiah- (< spāniiah-) compar. of spəṇta-: more lifegiving. spaniiå NSm 2.45.02. sparz-, pres. spərəza- mid.: to strive. — OI. spr̥háyati. ā mid.: to strive for. aspərəzatā Inj 3S 1.31.16. spas-, pres. spasiia-, pres. desid. dīdarəša-, aor. dārš/darəs-, ppp. dərəšta-: to see, look at. — OI. páśyati, darś-, dídr̥kṣa-, dr̥ṣṭa-; abhídr̥ṣṭa-. spasiiā Imp 2S 2.44.11. dīdarəšatā Inj 3S 2.46.07. darəsəm AorInj 1S 2.43.05. dārəšt AorInj 3S(?) 2.43.13. darəsānī AorSu 1S 1.28.05. aibī: to look toward. aibī.dərəštā PPP. NAPn 1.31.02, 3.50.05. vī: to catch sight of, glimpse. sarəjan- masc. < sar- + gan-: *smasher of an association. sarəjā NS 1.29.03. saš́ a- > sak-. sauua- neut. < sao-: (vitalizing) strength. — Cf. OI. śávas-. sauuōi LS 2.43.12. sauuā NAP 2.44.12, 2.45.07. sauuacā 1.30.11. sauuāiš IP 3.48.01, 4.51.15. sauuah- neut.< sao-: (vitalizing) strength. — OI. śávas-. sauuō NAS 1.34.03, 4.51.20. sauuaŋhō IS 2.43.03, 4.51.02. sauuaŋhąm GP 1.28.09. sax́ii- < sə̄ṇgh-. saxvar/n- neut.: *verse. saxvārə̄ 1.29.04. sā-, pres. siia-, aor. sāh-, mid.: to cut. — OI. chyáti. paitī: to cut back at. paitī ... siiōdūm Imp 2P 3.48.07. sinā-?. sā- ?: ?. saiiascīt̰ 1.32.16. sādrā exclam.: a disaster!. sādrā 2.43.11, 2.45.07. sādrācīt̰ 1.34.07. sāh-, pres. sāh-, aor. sīša-: to teach, instruct. sāstī Ind 3S 3.48.03. sāhīt̰ Op 3S 3.50.06. sīšā AorImp 2S 1.34.12. sīšōit̰ AorOp 3S 2.43.03. sāzdūm AorImp 2P 1.31.18. frō act.: to instruct. frō ... sāstū Imp 3S 2.45.06. frō ... sīšā AorImp 22S 1.28.11. sāsnā-, sāstar-, sāxvar/n-. sāsnā- fem. < sāh-: instruction, commandment. sāsnaiiā IS 1.29.07. sāsnå NAP 1.29.08, 3.49.09. sāsnåscā 1.31.18. sāsnanąm GP 3.48.03. sāstar- masc. < sāh-: teacher, commander. — OI. ’sāstár-. sāstārō NP 2.46.01. sāxvar/n- neut. < sāh-: *instruction. Cf. OI. śā́ suṣ-. sāxvə̄nī NADu/P? 5.53.05. sąh-, pres. sə̄ṇgha-, aor. sah- act.: to announce. — OI. śáṁsati. sə̄ṇghaitī Ind 3S 2.43.06. sə̄ŋhaitē Ind 3S Mid 1.32.07. sə̄ŋhāmahī Ind 1P 1.31.01. sə̄ṇghānī Su 1S 2.46.17. sax́iiāt̰ AorOp 3S 2.44.01, 2.44.09. sastē Inf 1.30.08, 2.46.12. sazdiiāi Inf 1.30.02, 4.51.16. duš.sasti-, frasasti-, sąstra-, sə̄ṇgha-, sə̄ṇghu-, sə̄ŋhana-. sąstra- neut. < sąh-: instruction. 29 MAY 16, 2022 – 1:33 PM OLD AVESTAN GLOSSARY srāuuī AorPass 3S 1.32.07, 1.32.08, 2.45.10, 5.53.01. sraotū AorImp 3S 2.45.06, 3.49.07, 3.49.07, 3.49.09. sraotā AorImp 2P 1.30.02, 1.33.11, 2.45.01. srəuuīmā AorOp 1P 1.28.07. srūidiiāi Inf 1.34.12, 2.45.05. srāuuaiieitī Ind 3S 1.32.06. srāuuaiiaēmā Op 1P 3.49.06. srāuuaiieŋ́hē Inf 1.29.08. sə̄raōšānē Su 1S Mid 3.50.04. frā act.: caus. to make renowned in song. fərasrūidiiāi Inf 2.46.13, 2.46.14. frasrūtā PPP NAPn 3.50.08. asurunuuaṇt-, asrušta-. səraoša- masc. < srao-: readiness to listen. səraošō NS 2.43.12, 2.44.16. səraošəm AS 1.28.05, 1.33.05, 1.33.14, 2.45.05. səraošā IS 2.46.17. srauuah- neut. < srao-: (claim to) fame. — OI. śrávas-. srauuaŋhā IS 1.32.12. srauuahī LS 1.30.10. srauuå NAP 1.28.10, 1.32.09, 1.32.10. srauuåscā 1.34.15. srīra- adj.: beautiful. — OI. śrīrá-. srīrā ISn 6.35.03. sraēšta-. stao-, pres. stāu-/stao- act.: to praise. — OI. stáuti. stāumī Ind 1S 2.43.08. stauuas PrPt NSm 1.34.06, 2.45.06, 3.50.04, 3.50.09. staomiia-, staota-, staotar-, stūt-. staomiia- adj. < stao-: of praise. staomiiā NAPn 1.33.08. staota- neut.: song of praise. staotācā NAP 1.30.01. staotāiš IP 2.45.08, 3.49.12, 6.35.10. staotōibiiō DP 6.35.10. staotar- agent noun < stao-: praiser. — OI. stotár-. staotā NS 3.50.11. staotarascā NP 6.41.05. star- masc.: star. — OI. stár-. strə̄mcā 2.44.03. stā-, pres. xšta-, aor. stāh- act.: to stand. — OI. tíṣṭhati. ā act: to stand by, get onto. axštat̰ Inj 3S 4.51.04. ståŋhat̰ ā Inj 3P 3.50.04. sti- fem. < ah-: existence. stōiš GS 2.43.13. stōi inf. < ah-: to be. stūt- fem. < stao-: praise. — OI. stút-. stūtō GS 1.34.12, 1.34.15. stūtō NAP 6.41.01. stutąm GP 1.28.09, 1.34.02. suxra- adj. < saok-: glowing, burning. — OI. śukrá-. suxrā ISm 1.31.19, 4.51.09. sū- ? < sao-: vitalization. suiiē DS 3.49.09. viiādarəsəm AorInj 1S 2.45.08. darəsa-, darəsata-, daršti-, dərəštā.aēnah-. spašu- pres. act.: to consider(?). spašuθā Ind 2P 5.53.06. spāda- masc.: army. spādā NADu 2.44.15. spāniiah- > spaniiah-. spəṇta- adj. < spə̄n-: life-giving. spəṇtō 1.29.07, 2.43.03, 2.44.02, 3.47.03, 3.48.03, 3.48.07, 4.51.16, 4.51.21. spəṇtəm ASm 2.43.04, 2.43.05, 2.43.07, 2.43.09, 2.43.11, 2.43.13, 2.43.15, 2.46.09. spəṇtąmcā 1.34.10. spəṇtā ISmn 1.33.13, 2.43.06, 2.44.07, 2.45.06, 3.47.01, 3.47.05, 3.47.06. spəṇtāt̰ AbSm 3.47.04. spəṇtahiiā GSm 1.28.01. spəṇtax́iiācā 1.34.02. spəṇtə̄ṇg APm 6.39.03. spəṇtā NSf 2.45.11, 4.51.04, 4.51.11. spəṇtąm ASf 1.32.02, 1.34.09, 3.49.02. spəṇtəm NASn 6.37.04. spaniiah-, spə̄ništa-. spəṇtō.təma- adj.: most “life-giving”. spəṇtō.təmō NSm 2.45.05. spəṇtō.təmā NAPn 6.37.03. spərəd- ?: contest. — OI. spŕ̥dh-. spərədā IS 5.53.04. spə̄n- neut. < sao-: what swells (with life). spə̄ṇcā NASn 2.45.09. aspə̄n-. spə̄ništa- compar. of spəṇta-: most life-giving. spə̄ništō NSm 2.43.16, 6.36.03, 1.30.05. spə̄ništā ISmn 1.33.12, 2.43.02, 4.51.07, 6.36.01. spə̄ništahiiā GSm 3.47.02. spə̄ništā NAPn 5.53.03. spə̄nuuaṇt- adj. < spə̄n-: full of swelling (with life). spə̄nuuat̰ NASn 4.51.21. spitama-, fem. spitāmī- family name < spita- (< spaē-) + ama-: he whose force is swollen. spitāmō NSm 1.29.08, 5.53.02. spitāməm ASm 2.46.13, 4.51.12. spitamāi DS 4.51.11, 4.51.19. spitāmahiiā GS 5.53.01. spitamåŋhō NP 2.46.15. spitāmī NSf 5.53.03. sraēšta- superlative < srīra- adj.: most beautiful. — OI. śréṣṭha-. sraēštąm ASf 6.36.06. sraēštå NAPf 6.38.05. sraēštəm NASn 6.37.04. srao-, pres. surunao-, pres. caus. pres. srāuuaiia-, caus. desid.(?) sraoša-, aor. srao-/sru-, ppp. srūta-: to hear, listen to. surunuuatascā PrPt APm 6.35.04. asruuātəm AorInd 3Du Mid 1.30.03. asrūdūm AorInd 2P Mid 1.32.03. sruiiē AorInj 1S Mid 1.33.07. 30 MAY 16, 2022 – 1:33 PM OLD AVESTAN GLOSSARY yauuaēsū-. sūc- fem. < saok-: glow, burning. — OI. śúc-. sūcā IS 1.30.02. sūra- > asūra-. səuuišta-. T ta- pers./dem. pron.: he, that. tə̄m ASm 1.29.07, 1.31.20, 1.33.09, 1.34.07, 1.34.13, 2.43.13, 2.44.19, 2.45.08, 2.45.09, 2.45.10, 2.46.13, 4.51.21, 5.53.04, 5.53.07, 6.37.02, 6.37.03, 6.37.03, 6.37.03. yastə̄m 2.46.04, 2.46.06. tā ISmn 1.31.07, 1.33.13, 1.34.15, 2.46.08, 3.47.03, 3.47.06, 4.51.02, 4.51.10, 4.51.15, 6.36.03. tācā 2.45.07, 3.47.05. və̄stā 2.46.17. yastā 2.45.11. tā NADum 1.30.03, 1.30.04. tōi NPm 1.30.09, 1.34.07, 2.43.15, 3.48.12, 3.48.12, 3.49.04. taēcīt̰ NPm 1.32.11. tə̄ṇg APm 1.32.01, 2.44.11, 2.44.13, 2.46.04, 2.46.04, 2.46.14. tą APm (YAv.) 4.51.22. tāiš IPmn 1.30.11, 1.32.06, 1.34.08, 1.34.11, 2.43.14, 2.44.07, 2.46.10, 2.46.15, 2.46.16, 3.50.09, 6.35.04, 6.38.04, 6.38.04, 6.38.04, 6.38.04. tāišcā 3.49.05. tąm ASf 1.28.07, 2.44.10, 2.46.07, 3.48.05, 3.49.06, 4.51.16, 4.51.18. tå NAPf 1.31.14, 6.38.01. tat̰ NASn 1.31.03, 1.31.05, 1.32.16, 1.34.06, 1.34.14, 2.43.01, 2.43.10, 2.43.11, 2.44.01, 2.44.02, 2.44.03, 2.44.04, 2.44.05, 2.44.06, 2.44.07, 2.44.08, 2.44.09, 2.44.10, 2.44.11, 2.44.12, 2.44.13, 2.44.14, 2.44.15, 2.44.16, 2.44.17, 2.44.18, 2.44.18, 2.44.19, 2.46.02, 2.46.05, 2.46.18, 3.49.08, 4.51.01, 4.51.18, 4.51.18, 4.51.19, 4.51.20, 5.53.05, 5.53.09, 6.35.03, 6.35.06, 6.35.07, 6.40.02, 6.40.02, 6.41.06, 6.41.06. tat̰ cā 3.49.07, 3.49.10. yastat̰ 2.44.19. tā NAPn 1.30.01, 1.30.11, 1.31.01, 1.31.13, 1.31.14, 1.32.04, 1.32.05, 1.32.09, 1.33.06, 1.33.08, 2.43.04, 2.44.06, 2.46.09, 3.49.03, 4.51.05, 4.51.12, 4.51.13. yastā 1.31.07. tācā 1.34.10. tācīt̰ 1.31.05, 2.44.03, 2.46.19. taiia- adj.(?): *stealthy, secret. — YAv. tāiiu- “thief,” OI. tāyú-. taiiā NAPn 1.31.13. tak-, pres. *tə̄ṇca- act.: to stand firm. — OI. tanákti. tə̄m.cātū 5.53.3. taxma-. tan- : to stretch. ustāna-, ustāna.zasta-. tanū- fem.: body. tanuuə̄m AS 2.46.08. Š šaē-, pres. šaē-/šii- act.: to dwell. šaēitī Ind 3S 1.33.05, 2.46.16. šiieiṇtī Ind 3P 6.37.02, 6.39.03. šiiąs PrPt NSm 2.44.09, 3.47.05. šiieitibiiō PrPt DPf 5.53.08. ā: to dwell at/on. ā.šaēitī Ind 3S 2.43.03. hušəiti-, šōiθəman-, šōiθra-. šōiθəman- neut.: *dwelling. šōiθəmā 3.48.06. šōiθra- neut. < šaē-: settlement. — OI. kṣétra-. šōiθrəm AS 1.31.18. šōiθrahiiā GS 1.31.16, 2.46.04. Š́ š́ iiao- , pres. š́ iiao- act.: to set in motion. — OI. cyávate. š́ auuaitē Ind 3P Mid 1.29.03. š́ iiauuāi Su 1S Mid 1.33.08. ąsaš́ uiti-, š́ iiaoman-, š́ iiaoθana-. š́ iiaoman- neut. < š́ iiao-: (bad?) act. š́ iiaomąn NAP 1.32.03. š́ iiaoθana- neut. < š́ iiao-: act, action. š́ iiaoθanəm NAS 1.32.05. š́ iiaoθanā IS 1.28.01, 1.34.01, 1.34.02, 1.34.10, 1.34.14, 2.44.10, 2.45.02, 4.51.21. š́ iiaoθanācā 1.31.22, 3.47.01, 3.48.04. š́ iiaoθanāi DS 1.34.05. š́ iiaoθanāt̰ AbS 1.32.12. š́ iiaoθanahiiā GS 1.33.14, 2.45.08. š́ iiaoθanōi LS 2.46.09. š́ iiaoθanōi NADu 1.30.03. š́ iiaoθanā NAP 1.33.01, 2.43.05, 3.47.02, 3.50.10. š́ iiaoθanācā 1.31.11, 1.34.15, 5.53.01. š́ iiaoθanāiš IP 1.30.05, 1.31.20, 1.34.08, 2.43.06, 2.43.16, 2.44.06, 2.45.05, 2.46.04, 2.46.07, 2.46.08, 2.46.11, 2.46.15, 3.47.05, 3.48.05, 3.48.12, 3.50.09, 4.51.01, 4.51.03, 4.51.05, 4.51.13, 4.51.19, 6.35.04. š́ iiaoθanāišcā 1.31.21, 4.51.14, 5.53.02, 6.36.04. š́ iiaoθananąm GP 1.27.13, 1.28.04, 3.48.08, 6.35.03. š́ iiaoθanaēšū LP 1.31.08. duš.š́ iiaoθana-, huš́ iiaoθana-, yā.š́ iiaoθana-. š́ iiāta- adj.: comfortably well-off. š́ iiātō NS 4.51.08. 31 MAY 16, 2022 – 1:33 PM OLD AVESTAN GLOSSARY tanūm AS 1.33.10. tanuiiē DS 1.30.02. tanuuō GS 5.53.09. tanuuascīt GS 1.33.14. tanuuō AP 5.53.06. *tanušucā LP 2.43.07. tao-, pres. tauua- act: to be able. — OI. távīti. tauuācā Su 1S 1.28.04, 3.50.11. təuuiš-, təuuīšī-. tar-, pres. tauruuaiia- act.: to overcome. — OI. tū̆rvati. tauruuaiiāma Su 1P 1.28.06. tarə̄.man- > man-. tarə̄maiti- fem. < man-: scorn. tarə̄maitīm AS 1.33.04. taš-, pres. tāš-, aor. taša-, perf. tataš-, ppp. tašta- act.: to fashion (like a carpenter). tāšt Inj 3S 2.44.07. tašō AorInj 2S 1.31.11, 2.44.06, 4.51.07. tašat̰ AorInj 3S 1.29.01, 1.29.07. tatašā Pf 3S 1.29.06. taštō PPP NSm 3.49.09. hə̄m act.: to put together by fashioning. hə̄m.tašat̰ AorInj 3S 3.47.03. tašan-. tašan- masc. < taš-: fashioner. — OI. tákṣan-. tašā NS 1.29.02, 1.31.09, 2.46.09. tašānəmcā AS 6.39.01. taxma- adj. < tak-: firm. taxməmcā ASm 2.43.04. təmah- neut.: darkness. — OI. támas-. təmaŋhō GS 1.31.20. təmåscā NAP 2.44.05. təuuiš- neut. < tao-: overwhelming force(?). — Cf. OI. túviṣmant-. təuuišcā NAS/adv. 1.29.01. təuuīšī- fem.< tao-: *tissue-strength. — OI. táviṣī-. təuuīšīm AS 1.33.12, 2.43.01, 3.48.06. təuuīšī NADu 1.34.11, 2.45.10, 4.51.07. tušnā.maiti- fem. < man-: silent composure. — Cf. OI. tūṣṇī́m. tušnā.maitiš 2.43.15. tū pers. pron. 2 sing.: you. tuuə̄m NS 1.28.11, 2.46.19, 3.47.03, 3.48.02. tū NS encl. 1.28.06, 1.28.07, 1.28.07, 1.32.07, 1.34.13, 1.34.15, 2.43.04, 2.43.10, 2.43.12, 2.44.15, 2.46.10, 2.46.16, 3.49.07, 4.51.03, 6.39.04, 6.41.03, 6.41.04. yə̄ṇgstū 2.46.14. θβąm AS 1.29.10, 6.35.09. θβā AS encl. 1.28.05, 1.28.08, 1.29.06, 1.31.08, 1.31.08, 1.31.14, 2.43.04, 2.43.05, 2.43.05, 2.43.07, 2.43.08, 2.43.09, 2.43.10, 2.43.10, 2.43.11, 2.43.13, 2.43.15, 2.44.01, 2.44.02, 2.44.03, 2.44.04, 2.44.05, 2.44.06, 2.44.07, 2.44.07, 2.44.08, 2.44.09, 2.44.10, 2.44.10(?), 2.44.11, 2.44.12, 2.44.13, 2.44.14, 2.44.15, 2.44.16, 2.44.17, 2.44.18, 2.44.19, 2.46.01, 2.46.03, 2.46.09, 3.49.08, 6.36.01, 6.36.01, 6.36.03, 6.36.04, 6.36.04, 6.36.04, 6.36.05, 6.36.05, 6.39.04, 6.39.04, 6.39.05, 6.41.03, 6.41.04. taibiiō DS 1.30.08, 1.34.01, 2.44.06, 2.44.18, 5.53.03. taibiiācā DS 4.51.02. tauuā GS 2.43.14, 4.51.18, 5.53.09. tauuacā 6.40.02, 6.41.06. tōi GDS encl. 1.29.02, 1.30.07, 1.31.22, 1.32.15, 1.33.02, 1.33.06, 1.33.09, 1.34.01, 1.34.02, 1.34.03, 1.34.04, 1.34.11, 1.34.12, 2.43.10, 2.43.14, 2.44.08, 2.44.11, 2.46.02, 2.46.09, 2.46.09, 3.48.01, 3.48.08, 3.48.08, 3.49.12, 3.49.12, 4.51.08, 5.53.09, 6.36.03, 6.36.06, 6.38.01, 6.39.01, 6.39.04, 6.40.01, 6.41.02. kastē GDS encl. 1.29.07, 2.46.14. yastē 1.33.05, 2.43.16. θβat̰ AbS 1.33.04. θβat̰ cā 3.50.01. θβōi LS(?) 1.31.09, 3.48.08. tūra- name. tūrahiiā 2.46.12. T̰ t̰ kaēša- masc.: evil belief. t̰ kaēšō NS 3.49.02. t̰ kaēšāi DS 3.49.03. Θ θβa- > tū. θβa- poss. pron. 2 sing.: your. θβə̄ NSm 1.31.09. θβā ISmn 1.28.11, 1.31.11, 1.31.19, 2.43.02, 2.43.05, 2.43.06, 2.43.14, 2.44.16, 4.51.04, 4.51.09, 5.53.03, 6.36.01. θβahmāi DSmn 2.43.09. θβahmāt̰ AbSmn 1.28.11, 2.46.07, 3.47.05. θβahiiā GSmn 1.31.03, 1.32.13, 1.34.08, 1.34.09, 2.43.04, 2.43.06, 2.44.14, 3.48.12. θβahmī LSmn 1.32.06, 1.32.08, 1.33.10, 1.34.10, 2.43.13, 3.48.04, 3.48.07, 3.49.05, 3.49.08, 3.49.10, 6.41.04. θβōi NPm 1.32.01, 6.41.05. θβōi NSf 2.44.11. θβā NSf(?) 2.44.10. θβax́iiå GSf 3.48.08. θβāhū LPf 2.43.07. θβā NAPn 2.44.12. θβaiiah- neut.: fear. — YAv. θβaiiąstəma-. θβōi.ahī 1.34.11. θβars-, aor. θβarš- mid.: to carve, sculpt. θβarōždūm AorInj 2P 1.29.01. θβōrəštar-. θβaxšah- neut.: diligence. — OI. tvákṣas-. θβaxšō NAS 1.29.02. θβaxšaŋhā IS 1.33.03, 2.46.12. 32 MAY 16, 2022 – 1:33 PM OLD AVESTAN GLOSSARY uruuāidiiah- compar.: more confident. uruuāidiiå NSm 1.34.06. uruuāiti- fem.: conclusion of a deal. uruuātōiš AbS 2.46.05. uruuaθa-, uruuāta-. uruuānē > ar-. uruuāta-, uruuata- neut.: deal (between gods or gods and men). uruuatəm NAS 1.31.03. uruuātahiiā GS 1.34.08. uruuātā NAP 1.30.11, 1.31.01. uruuātāiš IP 1.31.01, 2.44.15. uruuāxš.uxti- fem.: an utterance containing uruuāxš(?). uruuāxš.uxtī IS 1.32.12. uruuāz-, pres. intens. vaorāza-: to gladden. vaorāzaθā Ind 2P 3.50.05. uruuāzā-, uruuāzəman-, uruuāzišta-, uruuāzī-. uruuāzā- fem. < uruuāz-: gladdening, bliss. uruuāzā NS 1.30.01. uruuāzəman- neut. < uruuāz-: gladdening, bliss. uruuāzəmā NAS 1.32.01. uruuāzišta- superl. < uruuāz-: most gladdening. uruuāzištō NSm 6.36.02. uruuāzištahiiā GSm 6.36.02. uruuāzištąm ASf 3.49.08. uruuāzī- fem. < uruuāz-: gladdening, bliss. uruuāziiā IS 6.36.02. urūraost > raod-. us prev.: up. — OI. úd. us- < vas-. us.ar- > ar-. us.gam- > gam-. usan- neut. < vas-: wish. usə̄n LS(?) 2.44.10, 2.45.09. usig- masc.: kind of poet. — OI. uśíj-. usixšcā NS 2.44.20. ustāna- adj.: upstretched.— OI. uttāná-. ustānāiš IPm 1.29.05. ustāna.zasta- adj.: with hands upstretched. ustānazastō NSm 1.28.01, 3.50.08. ušah- fem.: dawn. — OI. uṣás-. ušå NS 2.44.05. ušī- fem.: inner hearing. — OP. ušī. ušiiāi DS 2.43.15. uštā̆na- masc.: life breath. uštanəmAS 1.31.11, 1.33.14. uštānā IS 2.43.16. uštānāi DS 1.34.14. uštānāišcā IP 6.37.03. ušti- fem. < vas-: wish. uštiš NS 3.48.04. uštā LS 1.27.14, 1.33.10, 2.43.01, 2.46.16. uštācā 6.41.04. uštra- masc.: camel. — OI. uṣṭrá-. uštrəmcā AS 2.44.18. frašaoštra-, zaraθuštra-. ušuru- ?: *succour. — OI. uruṣyáti, uruṣyú-. ušuruiiē DS 1.32.16. θβat̰ adv.: (now one thing) ... now (another) 2.44.03. θβāt̰ ... θβāt̰ conj.: be it ... be it 6.35.10. θβāuuaṇt- adj. < θβa-: someone like you. — OI. tvā́ vant-. θβāuuąs NSm 1.31.16, 2.43.03, 2.44.01, 2.44.09, 3.48.03. θβisra- adj.?: bright. — OI. •tviṣ. θβisrā 1.31.13. θβōrəštar- masc. < θβars-: carpenter. — OI. tváṣṭar-. θβōrəštā 1.29.06. θiiejah- > iθiiejō. θrao-, aor. θraoš- mid.: to *assemble(?). θraoštā AorInj 2P 1.34.03, 2.46.07. θrā-, pres. θrāiia-, aor. θrāh-: to protect. — OI. trā́ yate. θrāzdūm AorImp 2P 1.34.07. θrāiiōidiiāi Inf 1.34.05. θrātar-. θrātar- masc. < θrā-: protector. — OI. trātár-. θrātā 3.50.01. U uba- pron.: both. — OI. ubhá-. ubōibiiā IAbDDum 6.35.03, 6.35.08, 6.38.03. ubōiiō LDum 6.41.02, 6.41.03. ubē NADuf 1.34.11. ugra- adj.: (bodily) strong. — OI. ugrá-. ugrə̄ṇg APm 3.50.07. aogah-, aojah-, aojiiah-, aojišta-, aojōŋhuuaṇt-. uitī, ūitī part.: “quote” 2.45.02, 6.38.04, 6.39.03. upā preverb: toward, Germ. hinzu. — OI. úpa. upā.xraod- > xraod-. urudōiia- > raod-. uruša- adj.: meager. — OI. rūkṣá-. urušaēibiiō DPm 1.29.07. uruuaēsa- masc.: turn. — Cf. OI. vriś-. uruuaēsē LS 2.43.05, 2.43.06, 4.51.06. uruuag-, aor. uruuāxš- act.: to stride (toward). — OI. vrájati. uruuāxšat̰ AorInj 3P 1.34.13, 2.44.08. uruuan- masc.: (breath) soul. uruuā NS 1.29.01, 1.29.05, 1.29.09, 1.34.02, 2.44.08, 2.45.07, 2.46.11, 3.50.01, 4.51.13. uruuānəm AS 1.28.01, 1.28.04. uruuānəmcā 6.39.01. uruuąnō NP 1.33.09, 2.45.02, 3.49.11. urunō AP 6.39.01, 6.39.02, 6.39.02. urunascā 3.49.10. uruuarā- fem.: plant. — OI. urvárā-. uruuarå 3.48.06. uruuaråscā 2.44.04, 4.51.07, 6.37.01. uruuata- > uruuāta-. uruuaθa- adj. < uruuā̆ta-: who abides by the deals. uruuaθō NS 1.31.21, 2.44.02, 2.45.11, 2.46.14, 3.50.06, 4.51.11. uruuaθā NAP 4.51.14. uruuādah- neut.: confidence. — Cf. OI. vrā́ dhant-. uruuādaŋhā IS 2.43.02. 33 MAY 16, 2022 – 1:33 PM OLD AVESTAN GLOSSARY vōiiaθravaēd-, pres. intens. vōiuuid-, pres. caus. vaēdaiia-, aor. vaēd-/°uuōid-, perf. vaēd-, perf. part. vīduuah(q.v.): to know. vaēdā Ind 1S 1.28.10, 1.34.07, 2.45.04, 2.46.02, 3.48.09, 4.51.22. vōistā Ind 2S 1.28.10, 1.32.06, 2.46.10. vaēdā Ind 3S 1.31.02, 6.35.06. vīdiiāt̰ Op 3S 3.48.09. vōiuuīdaitī Su 3S 1.30.08. vīduiiē Inf 1.29.03, 1.31.05, 2.43.09, 2.44.03. vīduuanōi Inf 1.31.03. ā pres. vaēdaiia- act.: to make known. āuuaēdaiiamahī Ind 1P 6.36.06. ācā āuuaēdaiiamahī 6.41.01. fra mid.: to inform; intens. to present oneself again and again(?). frauuōiuuīdē Ind 1S Mid 2.44.11. frō ... frauuōizdūm AorInj 2P Mid 1.33.08. əuuisti-, vaēdiia-, vīdu(š)-, vīduuah- [vīuuīduiiē > və̄ vīduiiē] vaēd-, pres. vaēda-, vīnad-, aor. vīda-, ppp. vista-act.: to find. vīnastī Ind 3S 1.31.15. vaēdō.dūm Imp 2P Mid 5.53.05. vīdō AorInj 2S 4.51.18. vīdat̰ AorInj 3S 4.51.05. vīdā AorImp 2S 3.49.01. vaēdəmnō PrPtMid NSm 1.28.05, 2.43.14, 4.51.19. vaēdəmnāi PrPtMid DSm 1.31.22, 3.48.03. vistō PPP NSm 1.29.06, 1.29.08, 3.50.01. vistā PPP NSf 3.48.02. vōizdiiāi Inf 2.43.13. manə̄.vista-, vaēda-, vaēdišta-, vaēdənā̆-. vaēda- masc. < vaēd-: finder, owner. vaēdəmAS 1.29.10. vaēdišta-. vaēda- neut.? < vaēd-: possession. vaēdəmAS 1.32.11. vaēdišta- superl. < vaēda-: who finds most often. — OI. védiṣṭha- (RV.8.2.24). vaēdištō NS 1.32.07, 2.46.19. vaēdiia- ?: knowledge. vaēidiiāi DS 2.44.08. vaēdənā̆- ?: possession. vaēdənā instr. 1.34.07. vaēm pers. pron. 1 plur.: we. — OI. vayám, asmā́ n, asmábhyam, naḥ. vaēmNP 1.30.09. nå AP encl. 1.29.11, 1.33.07, 1.34.07, 1.34.08, 1.34.12, 2.43.03, 2.43.10, 2.45.09, 2.46.18, 3.50.03, 3.50.05, 6.36.02, 6.36.02, 6.38.01, 6.39.01. ə̄hmā IP 1.29.11, 1.34.01, 2.43.10. ahmā IP 6.40.03. ahmaibiiā DP 6.40.03. ahmaibiiācā 1.28.06. ahmat̰ AbP 1.34.09, 2.44.13, 6.35.05, 6.40.01. ušəurū IS 1.34.07. utaiiūiti- fem.: *tissue-connectedness. utaiiūitiš NS 1.30.07. utaiiūitī NADu 1.33.08, 1.34.11, 2.43.01, 2.45.10, 4.51.07. utaiiūitīm AS 3.48.06. utaiiūtā LS 2.45.07. utā conj.: and, as well. — OI. utá. 6.35.06, 6.40.04. uxδa- neut. < vac- (> mrao-): utterance. — OI. ukthá-. uxδā IS 4.51.20, 5.53.01, 6.35.10. uxδax́iiācā GS 1.33.14, 2.45.08. uxδā NAP 1.32.09, 2.43.05, 2.44.08, 2.45.02, 6.35.09. uxδāiš IP 1.28.06, 2.44.10, 2.46.14, 3.47.02, 4.51.03, 4.51.21, 5.53.02. uxδōibiiō DP 6.35.10. uxšan- masc.: bull. — OI. ukṣán-. uxšā NS 3.50.10. uxšānō NP 2.46.03. uxšiia- > vaxš-: to grow. uxti- fem. < vac- (> mrao-): utterance. uruuāxš.uxti-. uzəma- masc. < vāz-?: vigor. uzəmə̄m ASm 2.44.07. uzirəidiiāi > ar-. uzūiθiia- ?: ??. uzūiθiiōi LS? 2.46.05. Ū ūitī > uitī. ūθa- neut. < ao-?: assistance(?). ūθāi 2.46.03. V vacah- neut. < vac- (> mrao-): word, speech. — OI. vácas-. vacō NAS 1.31.20, 5.53.07. vacə̄ NAS 2.45.05. vacaŋhā IS 1.31.22, 1.32.05, 1.33.02, 1.34.01. vacaŋhācā 3.47.01, 3.48.04. vacahicā NADu 1.30.03. vacå NAP 1.31.01, 1.33.08, 3.49.09, 6.35.09. vacə̄bīšcā IP 6.36.04. vacaŋhąm GP 1.31.19. duž.vacah-, ərəš.vacah-, miθahuuacah-. vad-, pres. vādāiia- act.: to repel, push back. vādāiiōit̰ OP 3S 1.29.02. vadarə. vadar- neut. < vad-: weapon (for striking). — OI. vádhar-. vadarə 1.32.10. vadəman- masc. < •vad?: *singer.— vadmán- “singer, speaker.” vadəmnō GS 5.53.05. vaē- : to braid, weave. 34 MAY 16, 2022 – 1:33 PM OLD AVESTAN GLOSSARY vahištē LSmn 3.49.09. vahištāiš IPmn 6.35.04. vahištā NSf 2.43.15, 2.44.10, 3.48.03, 5.53.01. vahištąm ASf 6.35.08. vahištå NAPf 6.38.05. vahištā NAPn 1.28.08, 1.31.01, 1.33.07, 1.34.15, 2.45.06, 2.46.10, 2.46.18, 3.47.05, 3.48.05, 6.35.03. vahma- masc. < vaf-?: hymn. vahməm AS 3.48.01. vahməmcā 6.35.07. vahmāi DS 3.50.10, 4.51.02. vahmāi.ā 2.46.10, 5.53.02. vahmahiiā GS 3.50.07. vahmē LS 1.34.02, 2.45.06. vahmə̄ṇg AP 2.45.08, 2.46.17, 6.41.01. vahu- adj.: good. vaŋhuš NSm 1.34.02. vohū ISmn 1.27.14, 1.28.02, 1.28.04, 1.28.06, 1.29.01, 1.29.07, 1.29.10, 1.30.07, 1.30.08, 1.31.05, 1.31.06, 1.31.22, 1.32.02, 1.33.07, 1.33.08, 1.33.10, 1.33.12, 1.34.03, 1.34.05, 1.34.08, 1.34.15, 2.43.06, 2.43.07, 2.43.09, 2.43.11, 2.43.13, 2.43.15, 2.43.16, 2.44.01, 2.44.06, 2.44.08, 2.44.08, 2.44.16, 2.45.06, 2.45.09, 2.46.03, 2.46.09, 2.46.10, 2.46.12, 2.46.13, 2.46.18, 3.47.03, 3.48.12, 3.49.01, 3.49.02, 3.49.05, 3.49.07, 3.49.12, 3.50.06, 3.50.07, 3.50.10, 3.50.11, 4.51.02, 4.51.07, 4.51.15, 4.51.20, 4.51.21, 6.36.04, 6.36.04, 6.37.04. vohucā 2.44.09, 2.45.10, 3.50.03. vaŋhaoē DSmn 2.43.05. vaŋhə̄uš AbGSmn 1.27.13, 1.28.01, 1.28.07, 1.28.08, 1.30.01, 1.30.10, 1.31.08, 1.31.10, 1.31.17, 1.31.21, 1.32.04, 1.32.09, 1.32.15, 1.33.05, 1.33.13, 1.33.14, 1.34.07, 1.34.09, 1.34.10, 1.34.11, 1.34.12, 1.34.13, 1.34.14, 2.43.01, 2.43.02, 2.43.03, 2.43.04, 2.44.04, 2.44.13, 2.45.04, 2.45.05, 2.45.08, 2.45.09, 2.46.02, 2.46.14, 2.46.16, 3.47.02, 3.48.03, 3.48.06, 3.48.07, 3.48.08, 3.48.08, 3.48.09, 3.48.11, 3.49.03, 3.50.08, 3.50.09, 4.51.03, 4.51.06, 4.51.11, 4.51.16, 5.53.03, 5.53.04, 5.53.05, 5.54.01, 6.39.03, 6.39.05, 6.39.05. vaŋhə̄ušcā 1.28.10, 1.33.03, 6.35.10, 6.35.10. vaŋhāu LSmn 1.30.10, 1.31.19, 1.33.02, 3.47.06, 3.49.08. vaŋhūšcā APmā 6.39.03. vaŋvhī NVSf 3.48.02, 3.49.01. vaŋvhīm ASf 1.32.02, 2.43.05, 3.49.07, 4.51.21, 6.38.02, 6.38.02, 6.38.02, 6.38.02, 6.38.02. vaŋvhīmcā 6.37.05, 6.37.05, 6.37.05. vaŋhuiiā ISf 1.33.12, 4.51.10. vaŋhuiiāi DSf 4.51.17, 5.53.04. vaŋhuiiå GSf 3.48.05, 5.53.01, 6.36.04, 6.39.05, 6.39.05. vaŋvhīš NAPf 4.51.18, 6.37.01, 6.38.04, 6.38.05. nə̄ GDP encl. 1.29.04, 1.29.08, 1.29.08, 1.30.02, 1.31.03, 1.31.11, 1.31.17, 1.32.02, 2.44.01, 2.44.01, 2.45.08, 2.45.09, 2.45.09, 2.45.10, 3.48.05, 3.48.05, 3.48.06, 3.48.06, 4.51.01, 4.51.03, 4.51.16, 4.51.20, 6.40.02, 6.41.02, 6.41.03, 6.41.04, 6.41.06. ahmāka-, azə̄m. vaēn-, pres. vaēna- act.: to see. — OI. vénati. vaēnaŋ́hē Inf 1.32.10. aibī: to look at. aibī.vaēnahī Ind 2S 1.31.13. ā to look hither (at: acc.). ā ... auuaēnā Imp 2S 2.46.02. auuaēnatā Inj 3S Mid 1.30.02. vaēpiia- masc. < •vaēp: trembler, shaker, quaker. — Cf. OI. viprá-, vépa-, vépas-. vaēpiiō NS 4.51.12. vaēs-, pres. vīsa- mid.: to be ready (as: + nom.). — OI. viśáti. vīsəṇtē Ind 3P 3.48.10. vīsāmadaēcāInd 1P 6.41.05. vīsə̄ṇtā Inj 3P 1.32.14. vaēša- adj.?: foul, putrid. vaēšō NSm 5.53.09. vaēžd-, pres. vōižda- act.: to brandish, bring (a weapon) down (upon). — OI. vīḍáyati. vōiždat̰ Inj 3S 1.32.10. vaf-, pres. ufiia- act.: to weave (into a hymn). ufiiācā Ind 1S 2.43.08. ufiiānī Su 1S 1.28.03. vafu-, vahma-. vafu- masc. < vaf-: (poetic) web, hymn. vafuš NS 3.48.09. vafūš AP 1.29.06. vah-, pres. vəṇgha- act.: to shine(?). — OI. (vi)vasáti. vī: to illuminate. vīuuəṇghatū (vī.və̄ṇghatū) Imp 3S 5.53.05. vīuuaŋhuuah-. vahiiah- compar. of vaŋhu-; better. — OI. vásyas-. vahehiiā ISf 6.35.09. vahehīš NAPf 6.39.02. vahiiō NASn 1.30.03, 1.31.05, 2.43.03, 3.48.04, 4.51.06, 4.51.19, 5.53.09. vax́iiå NAPn 1.31.02. vahišta- superl. of vaŋhu- adj.: best. — OI. vásiṣṭha-. vahištō NSm 1.33.03, 2.46.06. vahištahiiā GSm 2.44.02. vahištəm 1.27.14, 1.28.08, 1.28.09, 1.30.04, 1.31.06, 1.31.07, 2.43.02, 2.43.11, 2.45.04, 2.45.05, 3.47.02, 3.49.12, 4.51.01, 4.51.04, 4.51.22, 6.35.07, 6.37.04. vahištā ISmn 1.28.08, 1.30.02, 1.31.04, 1.32.06, 1.33.09. vahištācā 3.47.01, 3.50.04. vahištācīt̰ 1.32.16. vahištāi DSmn 1.27.14, 6.35.05, 6.41.01. vahištāt̰ AbSmn 1.32.11, 1.32.12, 1.33.06. vahištā.at̰ cā 3.50.01. 35 MAY 16, 2022 – 1:33 PM OLD AVESTAN GLOSSARY var- 2, pres. vərənao-, pres. intens. vāura-, aor. vara-, ppp. vərəta-: to retain(?); intens. to *classify. vərənauuaitē Su 3S Mid 1.31.17. vāurāitē Su 3S Mid 3.47.06. vāuraiiā Op 1S Mid 1.31.03. vāurōimaidī OP 1P Mid 1.28.05. nī act.: to *reserve(?). niuuarānī AorSu 1S 5.53.04. ā: to *impede(?). āuuərətō PPP NSm 2.45.01. vīuuarəša-, vərəθrə̄m.jan-. vara- adj.: good. — OI. vará-. varā 6.37.03. varana-, varəna- masc. < var-: choice. varanā IS 2.45.01. varənāi DS 3.49.03. varanā NP 2.45.02. varənə̄ṇg AP 1.31.11, 3.48.04. duž.varəna-. varati- fem.: choosing(?). varatā 1.30.05. vard-, pres. varədaiia-, aor. varəd-, ppp. vərəzda-: to make grow. — OI. vardháyati. varədaiiaētā Op 3S Mid 3.50.03. varədaitī AorSu 3S 1.28.03. varədən AorSu 3P 3.49.04. vərəzdāiš PPP IPm 2.46.03. varədəman-, vərəd-. varəcah- neut.: miracle-work(?). — OI. várcas-. varəcå 1.32.14. varədəman- neut. < vard-: growth. — Cf. OI. várdhana-. varədəmąm 2.46.16. varəna- > varana-. varəšan- masc.: virile, male. duž.varəšnah-. varəz- fem.: nourishing vigor. — OI. ū̆rj-. varəzī 2.45.09. varəzaiia- < varəz- act.: to invigorate. — OI. ūrjáya-. varəzaiiaṇtō 2.45.04. varz-, pres. vərəziia-, aor. varəš-/varəz-: to produce. vərəziiāmahī Ind 1P 6.35.07. vərəziiō Inj 2S 1.30.05. vərəziiat̰ Inj 3S 3.47.02. vərəziiąn Su 3P 6.35.06. vərəziiō.tūcā Imp 3S 6.35.06. vərəziiātąm Imp 3S Mid 3.48.05. vərəziiamnanąmcā PrPtMid GPn 6.35.02. vərəziieidiiāi Inf 1.33.06, 2.43.11. varəšā AorSu 1S 3.50.10. varəšānē AorSu 1S Mid 4.51.01. varəšcā AorInj 2S 6.39.04. varəšaitī AorSu 3S 1.33.02, 2.46.19. varəšaitē AorSu 3S Mid 1.29.04, 1.33.01. varəšəṇtī AorSu 3P 2.45.03. varəzimācā AorOp 1P 6.35.03. varəšuuā AorImp 2S Mid 5.53.03. varəštąm AorImp 3S Mid 3.50.11. vāuuərəzōi Pf 3S Mid 1.29.04. vaŋvhīšcā 6.39.03. vohunąm 6.35.02. vohū NASn 1.28.03, 1.28.05, 1.28.11, 1.33.11, 1.34.06, 3.49.10, 4.51.01, 6.35.06, 6.41.02. vohucā 1.29.11, 6.37.05, 6.37.05. vohū NAPn 6.37.01, 6.39.04. vahiiah-, vahišta-, vaŋhudā-. vaiiōi interj.: woe! 5.53.07. vaiiū.bərət- adj.: driving/riding/flying through the intermediate space. vaiiū.bərədubiiō DPn 5.53.06. vaiṇtiia- adj. < van-: *victorious. vaiṇtiiā NAPn 1.28.10. vairiia- adj. < var-: choice, worthy, well-deserved. — OI. vā́ rya-. vairiiō NSm 1.27.13. vairiiå GSf 2.43.13. vairiiå NAPf 6.38.01. vairīm NASn 1.34.14, 4.51.01, 5.54.01. vak-/vac- masc. < vak- (> mrao-): voice, word. — OI. vā́ c-. vāxš NS 2.44.17. vācəm AS 1.29.09, 1.31.12, 3.50.06. vak- > mrao-. vak-, pres. vaš́ iia- mid.: to bulge, well (forth). — OI. vacyáte. vaš́ iietē Ind 3S 2.44.11. van-, pres. vana-, aor. və̄ṇgh-/vąh-, perf. vaon- act.: to win, overcome. — OI. vánati. vanaiṇtī Ind 3P 6.39.02. vanaēmā Op 1P 1.31.04. vąs AorInj 3S 3.49.04. və̄ṇghaitī AorSu 3S 3.48.01. və̄ṇghat̰ 3.48.02. və̄ṇghən AorSu 3P 6.39.02. vaonarə Pf 3P 6.39.02. vaiṇtiia-(?), vananā-, vāunu-(?). vananā- fem. < van-: victory. vananąm AS 2.44.15. vaṇtar-: winner. – OInd. vánitar-. vaṇtā 4.51.22. vaŋhudā- adj.: giving good things. — OI. vasudā́ -. vaŋhudå NSm 6.38.04. vaoc- > mrao-. vap-, pres. vāpa-: to scatter. — OI. vápati. vī: to lay waste. vīuuāpat̰ Inj 3S 1.32.10. var-, pres. vərən-, aor. var- mid.: to choose (to be). — OI. vr̥ṇīté. vərənē Ind 1S 2.46.03. vərəṇtē Ind 3S 2.43.16, 4.51.18. vərənātā Inj 3P 1.30.06. varatāAorInj 3S 1.32.12. varəmaidīAorInj 1P 1.32.02, 6.35.03. frā mid.: to prefer. frauuarətā 1.31.10. āuuarənā-, fraorət̰ , frauuaṣ̌i-, vairiia-. 36 MAY 16, 2022 – 1:33 PM OLD AVESTAN GLOSSARY važdra- masc. < vaz-: draught animal. — OI. vóḍhar-. važdrə̄ṇg AP 2.46.04. vā conj.: or; vā ... vā conj.: either ... or. vā 1.33.08, 1.34.05, 2.45.11, 2.46.08, 2.46.14, 6.36.03. vā ... vā 1.31.05, 1.31.09, 1.31.12, 1.31.13, 1.31.16, 1.31.17, 1.31.18, 1.33.02, 1.33.03, 1.34.12, 2.44.12, 2.46.04, 2.46.05, 2.46.10, 4.51.11, 6.35.06, 6.39.02, 6.41.02. vādaiia- > vad-. vāra- masc.?: will. — OI. vā́ ra-. vārəm AS 2.46.18. vārāi DS 1.33.02, 4.51.06. vāstar- masc.: forager, pastor. vāstā NS 1.29.01. vāstārəm AS 1.27.13. vāstrā IS 1.29.02. vāstra- neut.: grass, pasture. vāstrəm NAS 2.44.20, 6.35.07. vāstrəmcā 6.35.04. vāstrāi DS 3.47.03. vāstrāt̰ AbS 1.33.04, 4.51.14. vāstrē LS 1.33.03. vāstrā NAP 1.32.10. vāstrauuaṇt- adj. < vāstra-: with pasture. vāstrauuaitī NSf 3.48.11. vāstrauuaitīm ASf 3.50.02. vāstriia- masc. < vāstra-: forager. vāstriiō NS 1.31.09, 4.51.05. vāstrīm AS 1.31.10. vāstriiā IS 1.29.01, 1.33.06. vāstriiāicā DS 1.29.06. vāstriiāt̰ AbS 1.31.09. vāstriiehiiā GS 1.31.15. vāstriiə̄ṇg AP 6.40.03. vāstriiaēibiiō DP 5.53.04. auuāstriia-. vāta- masc.: wind. — OI. vā́ ta-. vātāi DS 2.44.04. vāunu- adj. < van-: who has won, winner(?). vāunuš NSm 1.28.08. vāz-, pres. uzə̄ma- act.: to invigorate. uzə̄mōhī 2.46.09. uzəma-, vāzišta-. vāza- masc. < vaz-: draught animal. — OI. vāhá-. vāzā NADu 4.51.12. vāzišta- superl. of vāz-: most invigorating. Cf. OI. vājín-. vāzištō NSm 1.31.22. vāzištəm ASm 6.36.03. vərəd- ? < vard-: growth. — OI. vŕ̥dh-. vərədā 1.31.04. vərəθra- < var-: obstruction. vərəθrə̄m.jan- masc.: sb. who smashes the obstructions. — OI. vr̥trahán-. vərəθrə̄m.jā NS 2.44.16. vərəzda- > vard-. vərəzə̄na- neut.: household. — OI. vr̥jána-. vərəzə̄nəm NAS 1.32.01. vāuuərəzanąmcā PfPtMid GPn 6.35.02. duž.varəšta-, huuarəšta-. vas-, pres. vas-/us- (uš-), ppp. ušta- act.: to wish. — OI. váṣṭi. vasəmī Ind 1S 1.29.09, 2.43.01, 2.44.03. vašī Ind 2S 1.34.12, 2.43.09, 2.44.16. vaštī Ind 3S 1.29.08, 2.46.14. usuuahī Ind 1Du 2.46.16. usə̄mahī Ind 1P 1.34.04. usmahicā 6.41.05. uštā 1.29.02. usiiāt̰ Op 3S 3.50.02. uštā PPP NAPn 1.27.14, 1.30.11, 2.43.01, 4.51.08, 4.51.16. vasat̰ Su 3S 1.29.04. usan-, ušti-. vas-, pres. vas- mid.: to wear. vastē 1.30.05. vasah- neut. < vas-: wish; adv.: at will. vasō NAS/adv. 1.31.19, 1.32.15. vasə̄ 2.43.01, 3.50.09. vaså NAP 1.31.11. vasasə.xšaθra-. vasasə.xšaθra- adj.: who commands at will. vasasə.xšaθrahiiā GSm 2.43.08. vasə̄.iti- fem.: ability to go where one wishes. vasə̄.itōišcā AbS 5.53.09. dušiti-, ə̄niti-, xvīti-. vasna- ?: price, exchange value. vasnā IS 1.34.15, 2.46.19, 3.50.11. vaš́ iia- < vak-. vat-, pres. vātaiia-, aor. pass. vaitī: to inspire(?). — OI. vātáyati. fra: to make known. fracā ... vātə̄iiāmahī Ind 1P 6.35.07. fracā ... vātōiiō.tū Imp 3S 6.35.06. aipī: to inspire. apiuuaitī AorPass 3S 2.44.18. vaxəδra- neut. < vak- (> mrao-): speech organ. — OI. vaktrá-. vaxəδrahiiā GS 1.29.08. vaxiiå > vahiiah-. vaxš-, pres. uxšiia-, aor. vaxš- act.: to grow. uxšiieitī Ind 3S 2.44.03. uxšiiō Inj 2S 1.31.07. uxšiiā Imp 2S 1.33.10. vaxšt Inj 3S 1.34.11. vaxšat̰ Su 3S 1.31.06, 3.48.01, 3.48.06. aṣ̌aoxšaiiaṇt-. vaxš-, pres. vaxša- act.: to blaze. vaxšəṇtē PrPt DSm 1.32.04. vaz-, pres. pass. vaziia-: to drive, convey. — OI. váhati. vaziiamnābiiō PrPtMid DPf 5.53.05. frauuazah-, važdra-, vāza-. vazdah- neut.: *fat libation(?). vazdaŋhā IS 3.49.10. vazduuar- neut.: (ability to) charm(?). vazduuarə̄ NAS 1.31.21. 37 MAY 16, 2022 – 1:33 PM OLD AVESTAN GLOSSARY vərəzə̄nā IS 1.34.14, 2.46.01, 6.36.01. vərəzə̄nāi DS 3.49.07. vərəzə̄nax́iiācā GS 1.33.04. vərəzə̄nē LS 1.34.14, 6.35.08. vərəzə̄nā NAP 6.40.04. frādō.vərəzə̄na-, vərəzə̄niia-. vərəzə̄niia- adj. < vərəzə̄na-: of the household. — OI. vr̥janyà-. vərəzə̄niiō NSm 1.33.03. vərəziia- < varz-. viiā- ? < vaē-?: covering. viiąm AS 3.48.07. viiādarəsa- > spas-. viiādā- adj.?: whose presentations reach far and wide(?). viiādå NAP 6.38.05. viiānā- fem. < vaē-?: *braiding. viiānaiiā IS 1.29.06, 2.44.07. vista- > vaēd-. vī.dā- > dā-. vī.dīš- > daē-. vī.mark- > mark-. vī.nas- > nas-. vī.vaēd- > vaēd-. vī.vap- > vap-. vī.zā- > zā-. vīcira- adj. < caē-: who discriminates, passes judgement (on). vīcirō NSm 1.29.04, 2.46.05. vīciθa- neut. < caē-: discrimination, judgement. vīciθəm NAS 2.46.18. vīciθahiiā GS 1.30.02. vīciθōi LS 1.32.08. vīdāiti- fem. < vī.dā-: wide stance. vīdāitīm AS 3.47.06. vīdātā LS 1.31.19. vīdu- (or vīduš-) masc. < vaēd-: knowing one. vīduš NS 1.28.04, 2.45.08. vīduiiē > vaēd-. vīduuah- perf. part. < vaēd-: he who knows, knowledgeable. — OI. vidvā́ ṁs-. vīduuå NSm 1.29.6, 1.31.06, 1.31.12, 1.31.17, 1.31.19, 1.32.07, 1.34.10, 2.44.19, 2.45.03, 3.48.02, 3.48.03. vīdušē DSm 1.30.01, 1.31.17, 4.51.08, 4.51.08. vīdušō GSm 1.34.09. vīduuaēša- adj. < duuaēša- < daibiš-: free from hostilities. vīduuaēšąm ASf 1.34.11. viiādarəs- > spas-. vīra- masc.: man. — OI. vīrá-. vīrāat̰ cā AbS 1.31.15. vīrə̄ṇg AP 2.45.09. vīs- fem.: house. — OI. víś-. vīsəm AS 1.31.18. vīžibiiō DP 5.53.08. vīsa- > vaēs-. vīspa- adj.: all. vīspāi DSmn 1.28.08, 2.46.11, 3.49.08, 6.40.02, 6.41.02, 6.41.06. vīspāi.ā 5.53.01, 5.53.04. vīspåŋhō NPm 1.32.03, 4.51.20, 5.53.08. vīspā VPm 1.34.06. vīspə̄ṇg APm 1.28.01, 1.31.02, 1.31.03, 2.43.15, 2.44.11, 3.49.03. vīspāiš IPmn 1.34.03, 1.34.05, 2.43.14, 2.46.10, 2.46.19, 3.49.05, 6.36.05, 6.36.05, 6.36.05. vīspōibiiō GPmn 2.44.02. vīspanąm GPmn 2.43.02, 2.44.07, 2.45.06. vīspå NAPf 1.33.10, 1.34.03. vīspā NAPn 1.31.13, 1.34.02, 1.34.10, 2.43.02, 2.45.01, 2.45.04, 4.51.05, 6.37.04. vīspācā 6.37.01. vīspə̄.mazišta- adj.: greatest of all. vīspə̄.mazištəm ASm 1.33.05. vīspō.paitī- fem. adj.: giving everybody to drink. vīspō.paitīš NAPf 6.38.05. vīštāspa- prop. name < vī.hā- < hā- + aspa-: name of a kauui of old. vīštāspōNS 2.46.14, 4.51.16, 5.53.02. vīštāspāi DS 1.28.07. vīuuaŋhuša- patronymic: son of Vīuuaŋhant. vīuuaŋhušō NSm 1.32.08. vīuuarəša- adj. < var-: who wishes to enclose/cover(?). vīuuarəšō NSm 2.45.08. vouru- adj.: wide. vourucašān-. vourucašān- adj. < vouru- + caš-: far-seeing. vourucašānē DSmn 1.33.13. vōi part. of emphasis: indeed. 6.36.03, 6.36.03. vōiiaθra- neut. < vaē-: weaving ger(?). vōiiaθrā 1.34.10. X xrafstra-neut.: *creep. xrafstrā NAP 1.28.05, 1.34.09. xrafstrāiš IP 1.34.05. xrao-, pres. xrūnā- act.: to bleed(?). xrūniiāt̰ Op 3S 2.46.05. xrūnərąmcā Imp 3P Mid 5.53.08. xrūra-. xraod-, pres. xraod-, aor. xraos- act.: to make howl in anger(?). — OI. krúdhyati “get angry.” xraodaitī Su 3S 4.51.13. xraodat̰ 2.46.11. upā act.: to howl at, howl down. xraosəṇtąm upā AorImp 3P Mid 5.53.08. xraoždišta- superl. of YAv. xruždra-: hardest. xraoždištə̄ṇg APm 1.30.05. xrap- ?: to be fitting(?). xrapaitī PrPt ISf(?) 6.40.01. xratu- masc.: guiding thought. xratūm AS 1.28.01, 1.32.09. xraθβā IS 1.31.07, 3.48.03, 5.53.03. xratū IS 2.45.06, 3.48.10. 38 MAY 16, 2022 – 1:33 PM OLD AVESTAN GLOSSARY xšma- > yūš. xšmā.uxδa- neut.: (words) uttered by you (all). xšmā.uxδāiš 2.43.11. xšmāka- > yūšmāka-. xšmāuuaṇt- > yūšmāuuaṇt-,. xšnao-, pres. xšnaoša-, aor. xšnāu-/xšnu- act.: to favor; mid.: to seek the favor of. xšnaošən Ind 3P 1.30.05. xšnaošāi Su 1S Mid 2.46.01. xšnaošəmnō PrPt Mid NSm 2.46.18. xšnāuš AorInj 3S 2.46.01, 2.46.13, 4.51.12. xšnəuuīšā AorOp 2S Mid 1.28.01. cixšnuša-. xšnū- ?: favor, approval. xšnūm 3.48.12, 5.53.02. xšnūt- ?: *rejection. — OI. hnu-. xšnūtəm 1.31.03, 4.51.09. xšusta- > xšaod-. xšuuīd- fem.: milk. xšuuīdəmcā 1.29.07. xva- rec. pron.: own. — OI. svá-. xvə̄ NSm 2.46.11. xvāiš IPmn 1.31.20, 2.46.4, 3.49.04, 4.51.13, 4.51.14, 4.51.22. xvaēcā NSf 2.46.11. xvax́iiāi DSf 1.30.02. xvax́iiå GSf 1.33.14. v x aētu-, xvaētāt-, xvaiθiia-. xvaēna- adj.: *shining (metal)(?). — Cf. OI. suvenī́-. xvaēnā ISn 1.32.07. v x aēta- adj. < hu- + *aēta-: easy to go. — Cf. OI. suvitá-, éta-(?). xvaētə̄ṇg 1.34.12. xvaētāt- fem. < xva-: the word “own.” xvaētātā IS 6.39.05. v x aētu- masc. < xva-?: family. xvaētuš NS 1.32.01, 6.40.04. xvaētū IS 1.33.03. xvaētauuē DS 2.46.05, 5.53.04. xvaētə̄ušAbGS 2.46.01, 3.49.07, 6.39.05. xvaētə̄ušcā 1.33.04. xvafna- masc.: sleep, sleeping fetus. — OI. svápna-. xvafnəmcā AS 2.44.05. xvafnā NADu 1.30.03. v x aiθiia- adj. < xva-?: *having their own (command?), *autonomous(?). xvaiθiiācā NAPn 1.33.07. xvar- : to eat. xvarəθa-, duš.xvarəθa-. xvaraiθiia- adj. < xvå- + raiθiia-: having (one’s) own chariot horses. xvaraiθiiā NAPn 1.28.10. xvarənah- neut. < var-(?): *good choice(?). xvarənå NAP 4.51.18. xvarəθa- neut. < xvar-: food. xvarəθāi DS 3.48.05. xvarəθāi.ā 1.34.11. xvarəθāiš IP 3.49.11. xratə̄uš AbGS 1.32.04, 1.34.14, 2.43.06, 2.46.18, 3.49.06, 3.50.06. xratāu LS 3.48.04. xratauuō NP 2.45.02, 2.46.03. xratūš AP 1.32.14. xratūšcā 1.31.11. aš.xratu-, duš.xratu-, huxratu-. xrūra- adj. < xrao-: bloody. xrūrāiš IPm 3.48.11. xrao-. xsa- < kas-. xšaod-, ppp. xšusta-: to flow, be liquid. — Cf. YAv. xšaodah- = OI. kṣódas-. xšustā 4.51.09. xšapā- (xšapan-?) fem.: night. — OI. kṣáp-. xšapācā 2.44.05. xšaθra- neut. < xšā-: (ruling) power, command (cf. vasasə.xšaθra-). — OI. kṣatrá-. xšaθrəm NAS 1.30.08, 1.31.04, 1.31.06, 1.31.15, 1.31.16, 1.33.05, 1.34.05, 2.44.06, 2.46.10, 2.46.16, 4.51.01, 4.51.02, 4.51.18, 4.51.21, 5.53.09, 6.35.05, 6.37.05, 6.41.02. xšaθrəmcā 1.27.13, 1.28.03, 1.28.09, 1.29.10, 1.29.11, 1.32.12, 1.33.11, 1.33.14, 1.34.01. xšaθrā IS 1.30.07, 1.31.22, 1.32.13, 1.33.10, 1.34.11, 1.34.15, 2.43.06, 2.43.14, 2.44.07, 2.44.09, 2.45.07, 2.45.09, 3.47.01, 3.48.11, 3.50.03, 4.51.04, 4.51.06, 4.51.16. xšaθrācā 3.50.04, 6.37.02. xšaθrāt̰ AbS 1.32.02, 2.46.04, 6.35.10. xšaθrahiiā GS 1.31.21, 1.33.13, 2.44.09, 3.48.08. xšaθrōi LS 1.32.06, 1.34.03, 1.34.10, 2.43.13, 2.43.16, 2.45.10, 3.49.05, 3.49.08. xšaθrāiš IP 2.46.11. dušə.xšaθra-, huxšaθra-, huxšaθrō.təma-, mązā.xšaθra-, vasasə.xšaθra-, xšaθriia-. xšaθriia- adj. < xšaθra-: having command. xšaθrīm 1.29.09. xšā-, pres. xšaiia-, aor. xšā- act.: to have command; mid. to rule (over: gen.). xšaiiehī Ind 2S Act 2.44.15. xšaiiaθā Ind 2P Act 3.48.09. xšaiiā Su 1S Act 3.50.09. xšaiiācā Imp 2S Act 1.28.07. xšə̄ṇtā AorInj 3P Mid 3.48.05. xšaētā AorOp 3S Mid 6.41.02. xšə̄ṇtąm AorImp 3P Mid 3.48.05. xšaiiąs PrPt Act NSm 1.32.16, 2.43.01, 2.43.10, 2.46.05, 4.51.05, 4.51.17. xšaiiaṇtō PrPt Act NAPm 1.29.02. xšaiiaṇtascā 6.35.04. xšaiiamnō PrPt Mid NSm 1.31.19. xšaiiamnə̄ṇgPrPt Mid APm 1.32.15. axšaiiaṇt-, xšaθra-, xšaθriia-. xšąnman- neut.: *pleasure. — Cf. OI. kṣamiti. xšąnmə̄nē 1.29.09. xšiia- masc.: lamentation. — MP. šīwan/šēwan. xšiiō 1.31.20, 1.32.05. 39 MAY 16, 2022 – 1:33 PM OLD AVESTAN GLOSSARY yastat̰ 2.44.19. yastā 1.31.07, 2.45.11. yastē 1.33.05, 2.43.16. yąm 1.31.03, 2.44.09, 2.44.09, 2.45.03, 3.48.03, 3.49.08, 3.50.03, 3.50.03, 4.51.09, 4.51.16, 4.51.17, 5.53.02, 5.54.01. yąscā 2.46.10. yaēcā 1.30.05, 1.32.13, 2.45.01, 2.45.01, 5.53.01, 6.39.01. yaēcīt̰ 3.48.03. yaēibiiascā 1.28.08, 6.39.01. yaēibiiō 1.28.03, 2.44.11. yaēšąm 1.32.07, 3.49.04, 4.51.03, 6.39.02. yaēšū 1.33.05, 1.34.08. yehiiiā 1.34.02, 1.31.04, 1.31.05, 1.32.16, 1.34.13, 2.43.06, 2.45.06, 2.45.07, 3.48.07, 3.48.09, 4.51.13, 4.51.22. yex́iiācā 1.33.01. yim 1.27.13, 1.31.06. yā in. 1.28.01, 1.28.06, 1.29.03, 1.29.10, 1.30.06, 1.31.02, 1.31.03, 1.31.07, 1.32.05, 1.32.12, 1.32.13, 1.33.07, 1.33.13, 1.33.13, 1.34.01, 1.34.01, 1.34.01, 1.34.12, 1.34.13, 2.44.03, 2.44.05, 2.46.01, 2.46.02, 2.46.08, 3.49.10, 3.50.04, 3.50.05, 5.53.09, 5.54.01, 6.40.02, 6.41.06. yā fem. 1.31.13, 1.31.15, 1.32.15, 2.43.12, 2.43.13, 2.44.08, 2.44.10, 2.44.10, 2.44.19, 3.48.10, 3.49.04, 3.49.06, 5.53.04, 6.38.01. yā du. 1.30.03. yā pl. 1.28.07, 1.29.04, 1.30.01, 1.30.01, 1.30.11, 1.31.05, 1.31.13, 1.31.14, 1.32.04, 1.32.07, 1.33.01, 1.33.06, 1.33.08, 2.43.04, 2.43.10, 2.44.06, 2.44.15, 2.45.07, 2.46.09, 2.46.09, 2.46.10, 3.47.05, 3.48.01, 3.48.02, 3.48.02, 3.49.06, 3.50.08, 3.50.10, 6.35.03, 6.38.04, 6.39.04. yācā 1.29.04, 1.33.01, 2.43.05, 2.44.08, 2.44.08, 2.44.20, 3.48.10, 3.50.10, 3.50.10. yāiš 1.28.02, 1.28.11, 1.32.03, 1.32.06, 1.32.07, 1.32.12, 2.44.12, 2.44.20, 2.46.15, 3.50.07, 4.51.20, 6.35.04, 6.40.04. yōi 1.28.09, 1.30.08, 1.30.09, 1.30.10, 1.31.01, 1.31.01, 1.32.01, 1.32.11, 1.32.11, 1.32.12, 1.34.07, 1.34.08, 1.34.09, 1.34.14, 2.43.14, 2.44.13, 2.44.16, 2.44.20, 2.45.03, 2.45.05, 2.45.06, 2.45.07, 2.45.11, 2.46.01, 2.46.03, 3.48.07, 3.48.12, 3.49.04, 4.51.03, 4.51.10, 4.51.22, 6.35.06, 6.37.02, 6.39.01, 6.39.03. yadā, yaθā, yauuat̰ , yāt̰ , yāat̰ , yāt̰ .ə̄, yezī. yadā conj.: when 1.30.08, 1.31.04, 1.31.16, 3.50.09. yam-, pres. yasa-, aor. yam-: to hold, take, acquire. — OI. yáchati. ā ... aiiamaitē AorSu 3S Mid 1.31.13. apa.yam- mid.: to rob (+ 2 acc.). apō ... apaiiaṇtā AorInj 3S Mid 1.32.09. hə̄m act.: to steer. hə̄məmiiāsaitē Ind 3S Mid 1.33.01. duš.xvarəθa-. adj.: which produces good posterity. — Cf. OI. svapatyá-. xvāpaiθiiāt̰ 1.31.21. v x āra- : to *kindle(?). — Or < xva- + ar- “self-rising”? xvārəmnō PrPt Mid NSm 1.32.08. xvāθra- neut.: good breathing space, comfort. — < hu- + °āθra- < an-. xvāθrəm NAS 2.43.02, 5.53.06. xvāθrē LS 1.28.02, 3.50.05. xvāθrōiiā LS 2.43.02. xvāθrā NAP 1.31.07, 1.33.09. xvīti- fem. < hu- + aē-: good going, well-being. xvīticā 1.30.11. ə̄nəiti-. xvə̄nuuaṇt- adj. < huuar-: containing/with the sun. xvə̄nuuat̰ 5.53.04. xvə̄nuuātā 1.32.02. v x ə̄ṇg < huuar-. xvāpaiθiia- Y ya- rel. pron.:. hiiat̰ 1.28.09, 1.31.05, 1.31.03, 1.31.06, 1.34.13, 2.43.10, 2.43.11, 2.43.14, 2.43.14, 2.44.18, 2.45.05, 2.45.05, 2.46.02, 2.46.19, 3.49.12, 3.50.11, 4.51.15, 4.51.18, 6.36.03, 6.37.04, 6.37.04, 6.37.04, 6.37.04. hiiat̰ cā 1.28.02, 1.30.11, 2.43.12. yə̄ 1.28.02, 1.28.03, 1.28.04, 1.28.11, 1.29.02, 1.29.07, 1.29.08, 1.29.09, 1.29.09, 1.30.05, 1.30.05, 1.31.06, 1.31.07, 1.31.09, 1.31.13, 1.31.15, 1.31.15, 1.31.16, 1.31.19, 1.31.20, 1.31.21, 1.32.08, 1.32.10, 1.32.13, 1.32.14, 1.32.16, 1.33.02, 1.33.03, 1.33.04, 1.33.06, 1.33.11, 2.43.03, 2.44.02, 2.44.12, 2.44.17, 2.44.19, 2.45.04, 2.45.06, 2.45.09, 2.45.10, 2.45.11, 2.46.05, 2.46.05, 2.46.06, 2.46.08, 2.46.09, 2.46.10, 2.46.13, 2.46.17, 2.46.18, 2.46.18, 2.46.19, 3.47.03, 3.48.04, 3.49.01, 3.49.05, 3.49.07, 3.49.12, 3.50.02, 3.50.03, 3.50.06, 4.51.05, 4.51.06, 4.51.06, 4.51.07, 4.51.08, 4.51.08, 4.51.10, 4.51.14, 4.51.19, 5.53.05, 5.53.09, 6.36.01, 6.37.01. yə̄m 1.28.08, 1.29.09, 1.34.13, 2.43.06, 2.43.13, 2.45.02, 2.45.08, 6.36.01. yə̄mə 5.53.06. yə̄ṇg 1.28.10, 1.32.05, 1.32.15, 2.43.03, 2.46.04, 2.46.11, 2.46.16. yə̄ṇgstū 2.46.14. yå 1.31.14, 1.33.10, 1.34.03, 2.43.02, 2.43.04, 2.44.05, 2.46.08. yahmī 2.43.06. yahmāi 1.29.03, 2.43.01, 2.44.16, 2.46.06. yaiiå 1.33.09, 2.45.02, 2.46.07. yascā 1.32.03, 1.32.10, 1.32.10, 1.32.10, 4.51.06. yåscā 1.31.14, 1.33.10, 1.33.10, 6.38.01, 6.39.03. yastə̄m 2.46.04, 2.46.06. 40 MAY 16, 2022 – 1:33 PM OLD AVESTAN GLOSSARY hə̄miiaṇtū AorImp 3S 4.51.03. yao- > āiiu-. yaog-, aor. yaog-/yūj-: to harness. — OI. yunákti. yaogət̰ AorInj 3S 2.44.04. yūjə̄n Inj 3P 2.46.11, 3.49.09. yaojā AorSu 1S 3.50.07. yaojaṇtē AorSu 3P Mid 1.30.10. aṣ̌ā.yuxti-. yaoš > yaoždā- > dā-; āiiu-. yaošti- fem.: *purification, performance of “yaoždā”(?). — Cf. OI. yóḥ. yaoštaiiō NP 6.38.02. yaoždā- > dā-. yasna- masc. < yaz-: sacrifice, ritual. — OI. yajñá-. yasnəm AS 1.33.08. yasnəmcā 6.35.07. yasnā IS 1.34.01, 6.35.10. yasnahiiā GS 1.34.12. yesnē LS 4.51.22. yasnąscā AP 5.53.02. yasnāiš IP 2.45.10, 3.50.09. yasnōibiiō DP 6.35.10. yasnanąm GP 6.37.02. yesniia-. yasō.x́iia- : to seek glory. — Cf. OI. yaśasyú-. yasō.x́iiə̄n 4.51.4. yat-, perf. yaēt-: to take up (one’s) position (t the sacrifice, in the competition, etc.). — OI. yátati. yōiθəmā Pf 1P 1.28.09. yaθəna-. yaθā interr./rel. adv./conj.: how. — OI. yáthā. yaθā 1.27.13, 1.29.04, 1.30.07, 1.31.02, 1.31.14, 1.31.16, 1.33.01, 1.34.05, 1.34.06, 2.44.01, 2.44.01, 2.44.18, 2.45.03, 2.46.09, 3.48.09, 3.49.06, 4.51.05, 6.35.06, 6.35.06, 6.39.04. yaθācā 1.30.04. yaθəna- neut. < yat-: effort(?). yaθənā IS 1.31.22, 2.43.10, 6.35.02. yaθrā conj.: where. — OI. yátra. 1.30.09, 1.31.11, 1.31.12, 2.46.11, 2.46.16, 2.46.16, 2.46.16, 2.46.17, 5.53.07. yauua- masc.: grain, barley. — OI. yáva-. yauuā IS 3.49.01 (with wordplay on yauuā < āiiu-). yauuaējī- adj.: ever-living. yauuaējiiō APm 6.39.03. yauuaēsū- adj.: ever-vitalizing. yauuaēsuuō APm 6.39.03. yauuaētāt- fem.: the time of a life, eternity. yauuaētāitē DS 1.28.11. yauuat̰ conj. < yauuaṇt- < ya-: as long as, as much as. — OI. yā́ vat. 1.28.04, 1.34.09, 2.43.08, 2.43.09, 3.50.11, 5.53.07. auuaṇt-. yaz-, pres. yaza- mid.: to sacrifice to, worship (+ acc.). — OI. yájate. yazaitē Ind 3S 1.32.03. yazamaidē Ind 1P 6.37.01, 6.37.02, 6.37.03, 6.37.03, 6.37.03, 6.37.04, 6.37.05, 6.38.01, 6.38.01, 6.38.02, 6.38.03, 6.38.04, 6.39.01, 6.39.02, 6.39.02, 6.39.03, 6.39.04. yazāi Su 1S 3.50.04, 4.51.22. yazəmnascā PrPt NSm 1.34.06. yazəmnåŋhō PrPt NPm 4.51.20. apā mid.: to remove/dispel by the sacrifice yazāi ... apā Su 1S 1.33.04. īšti-(?), yasna-, yazata-, yesniia-. yazata- adj. < yaz-: worthy of worship. — OI. yajatá-. yazatəm ASm 6.41.03. yazu-, fem. yezuuī- adj.: youthful. — OI. yahú-. yazūm 1.31.08. yezuuī 5.53.03. yā-, pres. yāsa- act., yā-/i- mid., ppp. yāta-: to implore, beseech, ask for. — OI. iye, ī́mahe. yāsā Ind 1S 1.28.01, 1.28.08, 3.49.08, 4.51.21, 5.54.01. yāsat̰ Inj 3S 1.32.01. yāsąs PrPt NSm 3.49.12. yātāiiā PPP DSm/n 6.36.02. ā mid.: to implore, beseech, ask (for: + acc.). āiiōi Inj 1S 1.31.02. aiiaŋhā Su 2S 1.30.07. ā ... āidūm ... ā Imp 2P 1.33.07. yāh-, yāna-. yā.š́ iiaoθana- adj.: with what acts. yā.š́ iiaoθanascā NSm 1.31.16. yāta- > yā-. yā.tə̄ conj. < ya-: to the extent. yā.tə̄ 6.35.07. yāh- (ya÷ah-) neut. < yā-: audition. yåŋhō AbS 1.30.02. yāhī LS 2.46.14, 3.49.09. yåŋhąm GP 6.36.02. yāna- neut. < yā-: request. — OI. yā́ na-. yānāiš IP 1.28.09. yāta- > yā-. yāt̰ conj. < ya-: as long/far as. — OI. yā́ d. yāat̰ 1.32.04. yāt̰ 6.36.06. yesniia- neut. < yasna- < yaz-: sacrificial performance. — OI. yajñíya-. yesniiācā NAPn 1.30.01. yezuuī- > yazu-. yezī conj. < ya- + zī: for when, for if. 1.31.02, 1.32.06, 1.34.06, 2.44.06, 2.44.15, 3.48.01, 3.48.09, 5.53.01. yə̄ma- masc. = yima-: twin. — OI. yamá-. yə̄mā NADu 1.30.03. yima- prop. name = yə̄ma-: Yima. — OI. yamá-. yimascīt̰ NS 1.32.08. yu- > āiiu-. yūj- < yaog-. yūš, yūžə̄m pers. pron. 2 plur. nom.: you (all). yūžə̄m NP 1.28.09, 1.29.10, 1.29.11. yūš NP encl. 1.32.03, 1.32.04, 2.46.15. vå AP encl. 1.28.02, 1.28.03, 1.28.09, 1.29.05, 1.31.02, 1.31.20, 1.32.01, 1.32.03, 1.32.05, 41 MAY 16, 2022 – 1:33 PM OLD AVESTAN GLOSSARY daēuuō.zušta-, zaoša-. zaoša- masc.: taste, pleasure, agreement. — OI. jóṣa-. zaošāt̰ AbS 3.47.05. zaošē LS 1.33.02, 1.33.10. zaošə̄ṇg AP 3.48.04. hazaoša-. zaotar- masc. < zao-: libator. — OI. hótar-. zaotā NS 1.33.06. zar-, pres. zarana- act.: to anger. — OI. hr̥ṇīté, hr̥ṇāyá-. zaranaēmā Op 1P 1.28.09. zaraθuštra-(?). zarazdā- adj. < zaraz.dā-: who has faith, confidence. — OI. śraddhā́ -. zarazdå NS 1.31.01. zarazdišta- superl. < zarazdā-: most devoted. zarazdištō NSm 5.53.07. zarazdāiti- fem. < zarazdā-: faith, confidence. zarazdāitiš NS 2.43.11. zaraθuštra- prop. name masc.: Zarathustra, the primal and prototypical worshiper. zaraθuštrō NS 1.29.08, 1.33.14, 2.43.08, 2.43.16, 3.50.06, 4.51.15. zaraθuštrā VS 2.46.14. zaraθuštrəm AS 2.46.13, 4.51.12. zaraθuštrāi DS 1.28.06, 2.46.19, 3.49.12, 4.51.11. zaraθuštrahē GS 5.53.01, 5.53.03, 5.54.01. zaraθuštri- adj.: Zarathustrian, in the tradition of Zarathustra. zaraθuštriš NSm 5.53.02. zarəm + kar-: ?. zarəm carānī 2.44.17. zasta- masc.: hand. — OI. hásta-. zastā IS 2.43.04. zastāiš IP 1.29.05. zastōibiiā IDu 1.33.02, 3.47.02. zastaiiō LDu 1.30.08, 2.44.14. ustāna.zasta-, zastauuaṇt-, zastā.išta-. zastauuaṇt- adj.: with hands. — OI. hástavant-. zastauuat̰ NASn 1.29.09. zastā.išta- adj. < aēš-: set in motion by the hands. zastāištā ISn 3.50.05. zastāištāiš IPn 1.34.04. zauua- masc.: call. — OI. háva-. zauuə̄ṇg AP 1.28.03, 1.29.03. zauuah- neut.: quickness. — OI. jávas-. zauuō NAS 1.33.12. zəuuištiia-. zax́iia- adj. < •zah: laughable. — Skt. hasati. zax́iiācā NPm 5.53.08. zā-, pres. zazā-, aor. zā- act.: to leave behind (in the race). zazəṇti Su 3P 1.30.10. zaēmācā AorOp 1P 6.41.04. auuā act.: to *let down. auuazazat̰ Inj 3P 1.34.09. ząθa- neut. < zan-: birth, engendering. ząθəm NAS 3.48.05. ząθā IS 2.44.03. 1.34.05, 1.34.06, 2.43.13, 3.49.06, 3.50.04, 3.50.08, 3.50.08, 3.50.08, 3.50.09, 6.38.03, 6.38.04, 6.38.04, 6.38.05, 6.38.05, 6.38.05. xšmā IP 3.50.05. xšmaibiiā DP 1.28.10, 1.29.01, 2.46.15. xšmaibiiācā 5.53.05. yūšmaibiiā DP 1.32.09. xšmat̰ AbP 1.29.01, 2.44.17. yūšmat̰ AbP 1.34.07. və̄ GDP encl. 1.28.07, 1.28.09, 1.28.10, 1.31.01, 1.31.18, 1.32.02, 1.32.06, 1.33.08, 1.33.13, 1.34.05, 2.43.09, 2.45.03, 2.46.13, 2.46.15, 2.46.17, 3.49.06, 3.49.12, 3.49.12, 3.50.07, 3.50.11, 4.51.02, 4.51.03, 4.51.15, 4.51.20, 5.53.04, 5.53.05, 5.53.07, 5.53.07, 6.35.07, 6.35.07, 6.38.04, 6.38.05, 6.40.04. və̄stā 2.46.17. yūšmāka-, xšmāka-, yūšmāuuaṇt-, xšmāuuaṇt-. yūšmāka-, xšmāka- poss. pron. 2 plur.: your. yūšmākəm ASmn 1.34.05. xšmākəm ASmn 2.46.18, 4.51.02. xšmākā ISmn 1.34.15. yūšmākāi DSmn 3.50.05. xšmākāi DSmn 3.50.10. yūšmākahiiā GSmn 3.50.07. xšmākahiiā GSmn 3.49.06. xšmākąm ASf 1.34.14, 2.44.17. yūšmāuuaṇt-, xšmāuuaṇt- adj.: someone like you (all). xšmāuuatō GSm 1.33.08, 1.34.02, 2.44.01, 3.49.06. yūšmāuuatąm GPm 1.29.11. xšmāuuatąm GPm 2.46.10. xšmāuuasū LPm 1.34.03. Z zaē-: to drive (away). — OI. hinóti, haya- [or < zā-?]. vī act.: to miss(?). iuuizaiiaθā Ind? 2P 5.53.07. zaēman- neut.: being awake. — OI. héman-. zaēmācā NAS 2.44.05. zam- fem.: earth. — OI. kṣám-. ząm AS 2.46.01, 6.38.01. ząmcā 2.44.04. zan-, pres. zānā- act.: to know. — OI. jānā́ ti. paitī: to recognize. paitī.zānatā Imp 2P 1.29.11. fraxšnin-, frāxšnəna-. zan-, ppp. zāta-: to be born. haoząθβa-, huzə̄ṇtu-, kudō.zāta-, ząθa-. zao-, pres. zbaiia-, pres. intens. zaozao- act.: to call, invoke. zbaiiā Su 1S 1.33.05, 2.46.14, 4.51.10. zbaiieṇtē PrPt DSm 3.49.12. zaozaomī IntensInd 1S 2.43.10. duž.zōbā-, zauua-. zao- : to libate. āzūiti-, zaotar-, zəuuiia-. zaoš-, ppp. zušta-: to please. 42 MAY 16, 2022 – 1:33 PM OLD AVESTAN GLOSSARY zī 1.29.04, 1.29.06, 1.30.10, 1.31.14, 1.33.10, 1.34.03, 1.34.08, 1.34.14, 1.34.14, 2.43.10, 2.44.02, 2.45.01, 2.45.07, 2.46.06, 3.47.05, 3.47.06, 3.48.02, 3.48.06, 3.48.12, 3.50.05, 4.51.08, 4.51.08, 4.51.08, 5.53.04, 5.53.05, 6.35.07. zīt̰ < zī + īt̰ 2.45.08. āzī 1.31.18. yezī. zōišənu- adj.: *angry(?). — Cf. OI. hīl≤-. zōišənū NADum 4.51.12. zūiti- fem.: act of *invoking. — OI. °hūti-. azdā.zūiti-. ząθōi LS 2.43.05, 3.48.06. zərəd- neut.?: heart. — OI. hŕ̥d-. zərədācā IS 1.31.12. zəuuiia- neut.: *(butter) libation. — OI. hávya-. zəuuīm NAS 1.31.04. zəuuištiia- superl. of zauuah-: fastest. — Cf. OI. jáviṣṭha-. zəuuīštīm ASm 2.46.09. zəuuištiiåŋhō NPm 1.28.09. zəuuīštiiə̄ṇg APm 3.50.07. ziiam- masc.: winter. — OI. himā́ . zimō GS 4.51.12. zī conj.: for. 43 MAY 16, 2022 – 1:33 PM

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