Automobile

En juin 1606, au palais ducal de Nancy, on s’activait pour les festivités des noces (remariage) du duc Henri de Bar avec une princesse italienne, Marguerite de Gonzague. Il s’agissait d’éblouir les invités ! On prépara un ballet de douze dames qui devaient descendre du « char de l’Amour » puis danser et chanter. Le char avait à franchir au maximum une vingtaine de mètres dans la salle d’apparat du premier étage du palais.

D’abord, on eut l’idée, comme on le faisait d’ordinaire pour de semblables occasions, de le mettre en mouvement à l’aide d’hommes dissimulés par en dessous, avec des animaux peints semblant le tirer. Or on changea soudain d’avis et l’on décida que ce char serait mû par un mécanisme invisible, tandis que des chanteurs déguisés en « esclaves » accompagneraient sa progression. Le vieux Jean du Vivier, un ingénieur venu exprès de Lyon, passa dix jours à mettre au point cette invention avec un serrurier ; le principe en était, selon sa facture, une vis sans fin avec de grandes roues de fer à pignons, autrement dit un système moteur à engrenages, dont il n’est pas possible toutefois de préciser le fonctionnement.
Dans ces quelques pages, je tente de démontrer que cet engin était un drone.

Automobiles running on our streets are furnished with the most essential part at the rear side called as differential. This is the part which transmits relative power to both the back wheels while turning. An ordinary differential, that is open differential dependably supplies near equivalent torque to each side. With an automotive differential if one of wheels on the axle is held stationary, the counterpart wheel turns at twice its ordinary speed. The differential gearbox is one, in the event that we lock any of the component in gearbox then entire gearbox will bolt and the back-hub shafts will fill in as a single shaft. To have easy differential locking system the distinctive parts utilized are spike, shaft, and dog ring and dog moving selector component.
These types of rear diff locks are very useful in the off-road vehicles. They are very prominent in heavy trucks and especially tractors. This locking system is run through hydraulic or electronic actuation. The front axle is different from real axle in terms of loads acting and sizes. This project aim is to design a new differential locking concept for 4-wheel drive tractors taking the space and load constrains. Locking of differential works through the hydraulic system which is primarily actuated by electronic switch.

Total Innovation Management (TIM) is the system of forming an innovative synergy between technology, organization and culture to build innovation competence in organizations. Supply Chain (SC) is a global network used to deliver products and services from raw materials to end-customers via an engineered flow of information, physical distribution and cash. This paper appraised TIM on SC in the automobile industry in Nigeria using structured questionnaire and interview. The upshot indicated 40% of SC executives are more concerned with risk associated with supply and thus invest in insurance policies. 80% of trained SC staff applies ICT tools in visibility (trackability). All SC staff were receptive to innovative ideas, indicating sustainability of TIM ideology in the sector.

One common denominator across every car, van or truck is high dependency on tyres, and despite the crucial role they play in a vehicle’s safety, they can be easily often overlooked in comparison with other aspects of the vehicle maintenance and inspection.

BMW has never disappointed any of the customer when it comes to dynamic sporty driving experience on the road. It is the car of dreams in every aspect. Powerful engines, dynamic power range, beautiful interior and elegant exterior make it the best choice for buyer.

Air pollution is most imperative issue in the 21st century among all others. There is no need to reiterate its importance. The present research paper covers the study of air pollutants and its effects on human health and property. Further it focuses comparative study of emission standard between India and Europe and role of government to control air pollution. This study is based on primary as well as secondary data. Secondary data is used to conceptualize the study and primary data is collected to analyze the behaviour of motorcycles users in Jalgaon city towards cause of air pollution. The present study reveals that awareness and attitude of motorcycle users in Jalgaon city towards air pollution is positive but at the same time it lacking in taking steps or actions from vehicle riders to minimize the pollution. The study covers various policy measures to control the same with emphasis on common directed efforts of human society.

Abstract The system of the automobile includes physical, technical, and human components, but as the system matures, the symmetry among components is lost. The car takes on a precise trajectory, autonomy and momentum, the flexibility of the components is lost, and the degree of freedom of the human agents is reduced. Recent decades have seen the stabilization of motorized mobility. Furthermore, lifestyles, the social environment, and the organization of the territory adapt to the needs of the automobile. In this article, we will clarify the evolution of motorized mobility in Gipuzkoa and, adopting a socio-technical perspective, we will explain that evolution and make suggestions for a sustainable transport.

This paper investigates the dynamic characteristics of pulley systems with different numbers of bolt holes. Models with four, six and eight bolt holes were chosen for the pulley. Three sets of cyclic pressure were applied to the pulley system to resemble the different running revolutions of an engine. The study investigates the effect of the number of holes on the system’s stiffness and natural frequency. Finite element models were used to simulate the obtained deformations, stresses and frequency response function (FRF) for pulley models comprising four, six and eight bolt holes under different cyclic pressures. The results show that the stiffness and natural frequency increased with increasing the number of the bolt holes. This in turn, reduced the resulted deformations and stresses.
Recommended Citation
Asker, Haval Kamal and Dawood, Thaker Saleh (2020) "On The Dynamic Behaviour of Automobile Pulleys Under Cyclic Loading," Karbala International Journal of Modern Science: Vol. 6 : Iss. 2 , Article 12.
Available at: https://doi.org/10.33640/2405-609X.1603

El presente trabajo describe y analiza cómo algunas empresas de la industria de autopartes localizadas en la región Toluca - Lerma (Estado de México) están sustituyendo mat e riales no sintéticos (elaborados a partir de hierro y acero fundamentalmente) por insumos sintéticos (plásticos, polímeros y fibras) en sus procesos productivos. Las evidencias señalan que en esta región existen condiciones (infraestructura, fuerza de trabajo y apoyo gubernamental) para conformar un clusterentre las firmas de la industria de autopartes y la del plástico. Sin embargo, este proceso se ve frenado por los escasos nexos de interacción tecnológica y productiva que se dan entre las empresas

This paper discusses a simulation study of automated sand casting production system. Therefore, the first aims of this study is development of automated sand casting process model and analyze this model with a simulation software Witness. Production methodology aims to improve overall productivity through elimination of wastes and that leads to improve quality. Integration of automation with Simulation is beneficial to identify the obstacles in implementation and to take appropriate options to implement successfully. For this integration, there are different Simulation Software’s. To study this integration, with the help of “WITNESS” Simulation Software the model is created. This model is based on literature review. The input parameters are Setup Time, Number of machines, cycle time and output parameter is number of castings, avg, and time and percentage usage of machines. Obtained results are used for Statistical Analysis. This analysis concludes the optimal solution to get maximum output.

This study was carried out to identify the employability competencies needs of Automobile Electrical Systems’ Technicians. Specifically, this study determined:- the general employability competencies and the most important by ranking. Two research questions and one null hypothesis was formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significant to guide the study. The descriptive survey design was used and the population for this study was made up of Automobile technicians, Automobile/ electrical and electronics teachers and Automobile/ electrical and electronics lecturers, within the selected areas in Niger State. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The data collected was analyzed using frequency count, mean and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The findings revealed that all the employability skills listed are needed but integrity/ honesty and consciousness, ranked higher while critical and self critical abilities and taking reasonable job related risks, ranked lowest. It was recommended that, developing graduate employability skills and attribute should be included in school curriculum and employers, educators and trainers should consider working together to reintegrate employability skills development into the entire learning system.

BY
Idris, A. M., Saba, T.M and Mustapha, A.

This seminar is a global examination of the automobile, and its deep associations with freedom, modernity, gender, status, and human welfare. Historian Paul Gilroy has called the automobile modernity’s “ur commodity,” and as such it has encapsulated – and helped to drive – many of our world’s most consequential changes over the past 135 years. Automobiles have stood at the center of struggles between freedom and regulation, capital and labor, and environmentalism and development, and have sharpened class, gender, racial, and colonial relations across the world. Readings and class discussions explore the radical changes to mobility, landscapes, and social relationships automobiles have brought – unevenly – to nearly every corner of the world.

german version of "The Wankel Engine today"
1977
42 pages

1 » Drehen statt Stampfen - d. Chronik d. Erfindung  1
2 » Kreisverkehr - d. Arbeits- + Bewegungsprinzip  8
3 » Eine Bilanz - Eigenschaften + Probleme  11
4 » D. Wankelmotor ist unter uns - Kreiskolbenmotoren in Serie  17
5 » Auf verschiedenen Wegen - Versuchsarbeiten bei Lizenznehmern  32
6 » Evolution nach Revolution - Forschung + Entwicklung bei Audi NSU  36

german keywords: Wankelmotor / Kreiskolbenmotor
English Keywords: Wankel Engine / Wankel Rotary Engine / Rotary Piston Engine / Rotary Combustion Engine

Esplosione della domanda cinese e asiatica, rilocalizzazioni produttive dall’Europa Occidentale all’Est Europa, alleanze tra costruttori storici, comparsa di nuovi player. E, ancora, car sharing e nuove pratiche nella mobilità, auto elettrica, veicoli che si guidano da soli e molto altro.
Il settore automotive si basa sì su un brevetto del 1886 ma è soggetto a continue innovazioni, sia tecnologiche che manageriali. Negli ultimi dieci anni il settore è stato scosso da impetuosi cambiamenti come mai era accaduto nella sua storia ultracentenaria. Effetto della globalizzazione, dell’innovazione tecnologica e dell’evoluzione dei comportamenti degli utilizzatori.
Ne deriva un quadro complesso con implicazioni per i singoli produttori, per il settore dell’auto nel suo insieme e per i paesi produttori (tradizionali ed emergenti).
Questo libro prova a fare chiarezza sui cambiamenti in atto, delineando la direzione verso cui si sta muovendo l’industria dell’automobile. Va al di là della mera cronaca della grande trasformazione in corso, offrendo al lettore un quadro d’insieme più vasto: nel corso del lavoro si intrecciano analisi economico-settoriali, elementi di strategia e marketing d’impresa e considerazioni sul futuro ormai prossimo. Il tutto con il supporto di dati, casi, aneddoti e informazioni raccolte sul mondo dell’auto e sui suoi protagonisti.

A vehicle door protector that includes a lightweight single unit construction shell member configured to overlie and superimpose substantially the entire exterior of a sole vehicle door, said shell member having a durable exterior surface and a pliable interior surface, wherein the shell member is releasably securable to the vehicle door by means of a plurality of securing straps, whereby the finish and paintwork of the vehicle door to which the device is attached is protected from dings, dents, scratches and other blemishes rendered thereto by the opening of doors of adjacently parked vehicles.

In this publication the project ePlanB is presented. It deals with an intelligent Charging Management System (CMS) of Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) conglomeration in a field test with Electric Vehicles (EVs) from six different Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs). Furthermore, technical characteristics are shown and benefits for stakeholders discussed.

German version | Lecture (conference presentation, 2022)

In form of a short conference presentation, Marlon Possard analyzes the challenges associated with the further development of autonomous mobility. Above all, he examines ethical problem areas that can be assigned to the philosophy of technology. He also explains legal and social difficulties that need to be resolved before full autonomy can be implemented.

According to a recent study, the #TestingAutomation consumer survey, commissioned in 2018 by Thatcham Research, 71% of drivers around the world believe they can purchase a self-driving car right now, while 11% would be tempted to have a brief nap while using current ‘Highway Assist’ systems such as Adaptive Cruise Control (Thatcham Research 2018). In reality, autonomous (i.e. driverless) cars are not yet on the market and still in an exploratory testing phase (Ro and Ha 2019); however, most major car manufacturers are developing vehicles with some level of automated driving capability (Hardman et al. 2019). AV technology is considered to have a major impact on the transportation system and to substantially affect road safety, mobility, traffic congestion, and energy use (Anderson et al., 2016; Sener et al. 2019; Xu et al. 2018). As AV technology is gaining increasing attention among car manufacturers, technology companies, policymakers, and the general public (Xu et al. 2018), researchers in different disciplines have also started to focus their attention on examining consumers’ attitudes and perceptions of AV technologies and the factors that shape the potential adoption of conditional and/or full automated vehicles. There is consensus that the literature on consumers’ adoption behavior towards AV is still limited (Hardman et al. 2019; Leicht et al. 2018; Shabanpour et al. 2018; Xu et al. 2018). In this article, we explore consumers’ psychological drivers behind AV acceptance as part of a larger research project on automation. Prior research (Walker et al. 2018) suggests that people with an on-road driving experience with a semi-autonomous car (SAE Level 2) obtain a more realistic understanding of AV technology. In this study, we analyze how an on-road experience with a Level 2 semi-autonomous vehicle influences drivers’ trust beliefs and acceptance of autonomous cars.

The brake system is an important part of an automobile. It plays a vital role in helping the driver to reduce the speed of an automobile or to stop the automobile. Initially, when automobiles were first introduced, they were equipped with drum brakes. These drum brakes were cheap, easy to install and atmospheric agents cannot hinder their performance. Despite these advantages, the major disadvantage of the drum brake system is the poor heat dissipation. To tackle this problem, the automotive engineers came up with the disc brake system. The brake rotor is one of the most critical components of the disc brake system. The brake rotor is made up of a pure metal or a metal with certain reinforcements. These brake rotors are circular with perforations made in a particular manner to enable faster dissipation. These perforations help to reduce the weight of the disc brake rotor. The disc brake rotor is fixed to the wheel hub with brake calipers. In this review article, I will be critically analyzing various research articles on the thermal and mechanical properties of various brake rotor materials used in automobiles.

Product recalls in automobile industry are a recent phenomenon, This research paper examines both technological defects /problems and commercial failures across the leading automobile manufacturers in USA /UK /Europe  and compares with Indian experience. Strategies and emerging challenges for Indian automobile industry are posed as conclusion.

There are few places where mobility has shaped identity as widely as the American West, but some locations and populations sit at its major crossroads, maintaining control over place and mobility, labor and race. In Collisions at the Crossroads, Genevieve Carpio argues that mobility, both permission to move freely and prohibitions on movement, helped shape racial formation in the eastern suburbs of Los Angeles and the Inland Empire throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. By examining policies and forces as different as historical societies, Indian boarding schools, bicycle ordinances, immigration policy, incarceration, traffic checkpoints, and Route 66 heritage, she shows how local authorities constructed a racial hierarchy by allowing some people to move freely while placing limits on the mobility of others. Highlighting the ways people of color have negotiated their place within these systems, Carpio reveals a compelling and perceptive analysis of spatial mobility through physical movement and residence.

The Toyota recall crisis of 2010 has prompted much criticism in media circles, national business forums and automotive trade publications. It is hoped that business and management researchers will take an unbiased, i.e., objective and empirical examination, on the many unique aspects of this corporate crisis. The current study focuses on three central features of the evolving Toyota recall: (a) Leadership issues, (b) Brand loyalty, and (c) Ethics and leadership. In order to gauge public attitudes about these issues, we developed a brief survey instrument and a semantic differential measure. Participants (Total =109) included 72 business college students and 37 adults from the local community. Results indicated that a majori

In the current scenario of rising fuel prices and increased environmental awareness, it has become essentially necessary for the vehicles to have a better fuel saving technology. To overcome this, advancement in automobile technology has given rise to Hybrid vehicles which has a promising and cleaner future. At present, many electric and hydraulic hybrid vehicles are available but none of them have a strong advantage over the conventional vehicles because of their inherent inefficiencies. The aim of this project is to create an improvised model of hydraulic regenerative braking system. The system consists of a reversible hydraulic unit which would act both as a pump and motor based on the requirement. The hydraulic fluid is pumped to high pressure accumulator which converts mechanical energy to hydraulic energy and vice-versa during the phases of braking and acceleration, thereby recovering the energy wasted during braking. The main advantages are reduced power consumption and impro...

35 pages
german keywords: Wankelmotor / Kreiskolbenmotor
English Keywords: Wankel Engine / Wankel Rotary Engine / Rotary Piston Engine / Rotary Combustion Engine

> Preface
> Contents
> Chapter 1 - Rotary Engine Today + Tomorrow
  » Introduction
  » Renesis - Mazda's Rotary Engine for the Next Millenium
  » 13B-REW - Mazda's Latest Production Rotary Engine
> Chapter 2 - Chronicle of Rotary Engine Development
  » The Birth of Rotary Engine
  » From Cosmo Sport to RX-7
  » Turbo, Multi-Rotor + Advanced Rotary Engine
  » Mazda's Series-Production Rotary Engine Cars + Trucks
> Chapter 3 - RE Challenges the World
  » Mazda RE Dominates Le Mans 24 Hours Race
  » Mazda RE Competes in Races + Rallies the World Over
> Appendix: Structure + Working Principles of Rotary Engine
> Mazda Rotary Engine: Chronological Table

Your car battery should last about 3 to 5 years…
But many people find that they have to change their car battery every 1 to 2 years.
Why is this?
And what can you do to prolong your car’s battery life?
Well… That’s what we’ll discuss in this article.
We’ll show you why car batteries die early …and what you can do to prevent this from happening.
We’ll also give you 8 simple tips and tricks to maximize the lifespan of your car’s 12 volt battery.

Mass properties have a profound effect on automotive fuel economy, emissions, safety, ride, acceleration , braking, and maneuver . Because of this fact, it is important to have a reliable and comprehensive methodology for the estimation of key mass property parameters in the conceptual design stage. Also, such a methodology would be important for researchers investigating aspects of automotive dynamics, for programmers creating realistic automotive simulations, and for investigators studying the dynamics of automotive crash scenarios .

There is a scarcity of published information of sufficient accuracy and/or completeness so as to constitute a viable methodology. Published automotive mass property estimation methods seem to be available only in a non-comprehensive fashion through a variety of scattered sources. It is the intent of this paper to systematize the information drawn from published sources and, with the employment of techniques based on those used in the aerospace industry, to augment and improve upon the published information so as to develop a basis for a comprehensive automotive mass properties estimation methodology.

Note the use of the word “basis”; it is not to be imagined that this paper will represent the “last word” in automotive mass properties estimation. What is presented herein is intended to provide a possible overall framework for, and an initial “first cut” at, the development of a comprehensive methodology. Automotive design practitioners working within the established industry may have a far more potent estimation methodology available to them, but in the form of proprietary techniques that they are not at liberty to divulge. Yet even such automotive industry insiders may find an independently derived methodology interesting, and perhaps even useful for comparison with in-house procedures. However, it is the independent designer or researcher that is most likely to find this paper to be of great value, and it is the purpose of this paper to aid such independent efforts through promoting the development of a publicly accessible methodology.

To that end this paper presents the development of a preliminary “top-down” methodology which requires as input only those most basic and common overall parameters as would be available in the earliest of design stages or, for existing designs, from the commonly available literature. This includes such parameters as vehicle dimensions, applicable general legal specification or regulation, general vehicle configuration and category, type of suspension, and level of technology (which is generally time dependent). The desired output consists of the curb weight/c.g. coordinates/inertias, the unsprung weight/c.g. coordinates/inertias, the sprung weight/c.g. coordinates/inertias, and the sprung weight roll moment of inertia (i.e., a rotational inertia about an essentially longitudinal axis, the location of which is determined by the suspension geometry).

Summering in Asbury Park in 1908 enabled Alice Ramsey to hone her motor skills as she drove 6,000 miles of Monmouth County roads. She developed skills to care for and maintain the car, with few services available to her. Her winning performances in endurance runs on Long Island and between New York City and Philadelphia caught the eye of a Maxwell-Briscoe car promoter who invited her to undertake a sponsored trip across the country. When she crossed the country in 1909, only a tiny percentage of women drove; there were few formal roads and very little guidance on how to navigate. While she was known throughout her life as Mrs. John R. Ramsey and had two children, after her husband's death in 1933, Alice Ramsey, under cover of her married name and her identity as mother, grandmother, and great-grandmother, lived for 50 years with women she loved. Her wealth, presumptive heterosexuality, and notoriety as an automotive pioneer led newspapers and magazines in the 1960s and 1970s to cover her unconventional life. Heralded automotive pioneer Alice Huyler Ramsey, who drove from New York City to San Francisco in 1909, captured the imagination of Americans. With her jaunty cap and pluck, she charmed the public then and now with her fortitude, absolutely demanded by the trip. Her life's journey, however, proved to also be a remarkable one. Hidden until now by the cover of heterosexuality and maternity, and with the protection of socioeconomic standing, Mrs. John Ramsey lived with and loved two women. While her matrimonial name and role as a mother gave the public social assurances, her consistent behavior suggests her commitment to and public acknowledgment of her long-standing relationships with women.

Download: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv5cg94w
The automotive sector represents more than a simple industry. Since the late nineteenth century, it has embodied the economic and technological power of nations, the lifestyle, the dynamics of urban and territorial development, and it has acted as a national barometer of economic success and failure. This book explains how the car industry works and analyses the challenges both for the sector and for the economies that rely on the industry for jobs, growth, and innovation. It explores an industry that has been under severe pressure in industrialized countries for many years—factories have shut down, jobs have gone, and brands have disappeared—yet world production has never been so high, reaching new peaks annually. Fabio Cassia and Matteo Ferrazzi investigate as well the new trends of urban mobility and the characteristic of " car of the future " : the traditional landscape of car production and usage will be driven by technological advances, connectivity, car sharing, and by one the most fascinating advances, the self-driving car. How different will be the automotive sector in a decade? Will the traditional players be challenged by new entrants such as Google, Apple, Uber?

First chapter download: https://agendapub.com/images/pdfs/chapters/9781911116721_chp.pdf

Like many geographers, I found myself intrigued by the Super Bowl advertisement that Chrysler ran, a two-minute piece featuring musician Eminem and trumpeting the city of Detroit.  It's an interesting ad for a number of reasons.  Certainly part of the intrigue comes from Detroit's position as the butt of jokes, and the focus of umpteen photo essays of its landscape of decline.  The left points at the city as evidence of the failures of capitalism, while the right claims its decline was caused by strong labor unions and too-big civic governance.  Either way, with a city population rapidly declining -- down below 900,000 by latest estimates, less than half its 1950 peak -- and the associated economic and fiscal problems, we can all agree that Detroit has its problems.

Modern automotives integrate large amount of electronic devices to improve the driving safety and comfort. This growing number of Electronic Control Units (ECUs) with sophisticated software escalates the vehicle system design complexity. In this paper we explain the complexity of ECUs in terms of hardware and software and also we explore the possibility of Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) architecture for the integration of add-on software in ECUs. This reduces the complexity of the embedded system in vehicles and eases the ECU integration by reducing the total number of ECUs in the vehicles.

The study presents, that the modernization of the Hungarian urban mass transportation happened in three independent fields at the same time between 1867 and 1914. 1. The creation of modern transport infrastructure. The roads and sidewalks were paved with mainly stone, keramit and asphalt. Bridges, over- and underpasses were built. 2. The traffic was regulated, first on local (rule ordinances, city police chief's instructions), later on national level (laws, decrees of the Minister of Interior). Driving on the left side of the road was prescribed by law. The first traffic signs were put onto the streets. 3. At the expense of pedestrian traffic, the rise of vehicle traffic began. Thanks to the advances in technical sciences and technology, the motorization of means of transport has moved forward. As a result, traditional animal drawn vehicles, though slowly, began to be replaced by power-driven vehicles from the 1890s.

This is a PDF/Scribd version of the PowerPoint material for a SAWE seminar given initially at the 2017 SAWE Regional Conference (Irving, Tx), and then again at the 2019 SAWE International Conference (Norfolk, Va). The course objective was to enable the student to make reasonably accurate maximum lateral acceleration, rollover lateral acceleration, directional stability, and steering responsiveness determinations in the course of vehicle design. The student was also to become acquainted with such things as the calculation of roll resistance, suspension roll center location, sprung mass roll axis inclination, sprung mass roll inertia, sprung mass roll moment arm, sprung mass roll angle under lateral acceleration, vehicle roll gain, vehicle dynamic index in yaw, transient center of rotation location, and transient yaw inertia. There was also considerable time spent on the behavior of tires under lateral load and “Ackermann Steering Geometry” relationships.
This seminar is very important for anyone engaged in vehicle design, in particular those designing with an emphasis on performance, and special effort has been expended to make it particularly relevant for those involved in the SAE Student Formula Design Competition. However, no one completing this course will walk away without having acquired some degree of enlightenment.