Abstract
This chapter focuses on citizens’ role in realising alternatives in city governance. It first explains different conceptions of urban citizenship, in particular the concept of the Right to the City and how it has been used in practice. This is contrasted with citizen experiences of coercive governance and social control. The many forms of collective action through which urban citizenship is expressed are then considered, from community organising to new kinds of everyday activities considered by some scholars as prefigurative of transformative change. A review of concepts such as informal urbanism, social innovation and urban commoning aid understanding of the potential of these forms of collective action. Finally, examples of new municipalism and community wealth building demonstrate actual efforts to realise more equitable cities.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Acuto, M., C. Dinardi, and C. Marc. 2019. Transcending (in)formal urbanism. Urban Studies 56 (3): 475–487.
Baird, K. 2017. A new international municipalist movement is on the rise—From small victories to global alternatives. Open Democracy, 7 June. Retrieved from https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/can-europe-make-it/new-international-municipalist-movement-is-on-rise-from-small-vic/.
Bang, H. 2005. Among everyday makers and expert citizens. In Remaking governance: Peoples, politics and the public sphere, ed. J. Newman, 159–178. Bristol: Policy Press.
Beattie, A. 2018. Cooperation Jackson Interview. Transition Network, August 31. Retrieved from https://transitionnetwork.org/news-and-blog/cooperation-jackson/.
Blanco, I., S. Griggs, and H. Sullivan. 2014. Situating the local in the neoliberalisation and transformation of urban governance. Urban Studies 51 (15): 3129–3146.
Blanco, I., Y. Salazar, and I. Bianchi. 2020. Urban governance and political change under a radical left government: The case of Barcelona. Journal of Urban Affairs 42 (1): 18–38.
Brenner, N., P. Marcuse, and M. Mayer. 2009. Cities for people, not for profit. City 13 (2–3): 176–184.
Brenner, N., J. Peck, and N. Theodore. 2010. Variegated neo-liberalism: Geographies, modalities, pathways. Global Networks 10 (2): 1–41.
Castells, M. 1983. The city and the grassroots. London: Edward Arnold.
Chakrabortty, A. 2018. In 2011 Preston hit rock bottom: Then it took back control. The Guardian, January 31.
Christens, B., and P. Speer. 2015. Community organizing: Practice, research, and policy implications. Social Issues and Policy Review 9 (1): 193–222.
CLES (Centre for Local Economic Strategies). 2019. New municipalism in London. Centre for Local Economic Strategies, March. Retrieved from https://cles.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/New-Municipalism-in-London_April-2019.pdf.
Cochrane, A. 2007. Understanding urban policy: A critical approach. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
Davidson, M., and K. Iveson. 2015. Recovering the politics of the city: From the ‘post-political city’ to a ‘method of equality’ for critical urban geography. Progress in Human Geography 39 (5): 543–559.
Davies, J.S. 2014. Rethinking urban power and the local state: Hegemony, domination and resistance in neoliberal cities. Urban Studies 51 (15): 3215–3232.
Davies, J.S. (ed.). 2017. Governing in and against austerity: International lessons from eight cities. Leicester: De Montfort University Centre for Urban Research on Austerity.
Davies, J.S., and M. Pill. 2012. Hollowing-out neighbourhood governance? Re-scaling revitalization in Baltimore and Bristol. Urban Studies 49 (10): 2199–2217.
Davis, M. 2006. Planet of slums. London: Verso.
Deslandes, A. 2013. Exemplary amateurism: Thoughts on DIY urbanism. Cultural Studies Review 19 (1): 216–227.
Dikeç, M., and E. Swyngedouw. 2017. Theorizing the politicizing city. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 41 (1): 1–18.
Duda, J. 2018. Community Wealth Building on the rise in city governments. Democracy Collaborative, February 25. Retrieved from https://community-wealth.org/content/community-wealth-building-rise-city-governments.
Epp, C., S. Maynard-Moody, and D. Haider-Markel. 2014. Pulled over: How police stops define race and citizenship. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Fainstein, S. 2014. The just city. International Journal of Urban Sciences 18 (1): 1–18.
Geddes, M. 2014. Neoliberalism and local governance: Radical developments in Latin America. Urban Studies 51 (15): 3147–3163.
Gessen, G. 2018. Barcelona’s experiment in radical democracy. New York Times, August 6.
Graham, S. 2012. Cities under siege: The new military urbanism. London: Verso.
Gregory, L. 2014. Resilience or resistance? Time banking in the age of austerity. Journal of Contemporary European Studies 22 (2): 171–183.
Gurran, N., M. Pill, S. Maalsen, T. Alizadeh, and P. Shrestha. 2019. Informal accommodation and vulnerable households in metropolitan Sydney: Scale, drivers and policy responses. Sydney Policy Lab and Urban Housing Lab. Sydney: University of Sydney.
Gurran, N., M. Pill, and S. Maalsen. 2021. Hidden homes? Uncovering Sydney’s informal housing market. Urban Studies 58 (8): 1712–1731.
Hambleton, R. 2015. The inclusive city: Place-based innovation for a bounded planet. Bristol: Policy Press.
Hamel, P., M. Meyer, and H. Lustiger-Thaler (eds.). 2000. Urban movements in a globalising world. Abingdon: Routledge.
Harris, R. 2018. Modes of informal urban development: A global phenomenon. Journal of Planning Literature 33 (3): 267–286.
Harvey, D. 1973/2010. Social justice and the city. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.
Harvey, D. 2000. Spaces of hope. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Harvey, D. 2008. The right to the city. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 27 (4): 939–941.
Harvey, D. 2012. Rebel cities: From the right to the city to the urban revolution. London: Verso.
Hilbrandt, H. 2019. Everyday urbanism and the everyday state: Negotiating habitat in allotment gardens in Berlin. Urban Studies 56 (2): 352–367.
Hodkinson, S. 2012. The new urban enclosures. City 16 (5): 500–518.
Huchzermeyer, M. 2014. Invoking Lefebvre’s ‘right to the city’ in South Africa today: A response to Walsh. City 18 (1): 41–49.
Imbroscio, D. 2013. From redistribution to ownership: Toward an alternative urban policy for America’s cities. Urban Affairs Review 49 (6): 787–820.
Iveson, K. 2013. Reporting on the unreported with Paul Mason: Scenes from Sydney, 2011. City 17 (5): 674–682.
Iveson, K., C. Lyons, S. Clark, and S. Weir. 2019. The informal Australian city. Australian Geographer 50 (1): 11–27.
Jonas, A.E.G. 2013. Interrogating alternative local and regional economies. In Alternative economies and spaces: New perspectives for a sustainable economy, ed. H.-M. Zademach and S. Hillebrand, 23–42. Bielefeld Germany: Transcript Verlag.
Kelly, M., S. McKinley, and V. Duncan. 2016. Politics of place/politics for places: Community wealth building: America’s emerging asset-based approach to city economic development. Renewal: A Journal of Labour Politics 24 (2): 51–68.
Kenny, M., and F. Mackay. 2018. Feminist and gendered approaches. In Theory and methods in political science, ed. V. Lowndes, D. Marsh, and G. Stoker, 92–108. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Las Heras, J. 2018. Politics of power: Engaging with the structure-agency debate from a class-based perspective. Politics 38 (2): 165–181.
Lefebvre, H. 1967/1996. The right to the city. In Writings on cities, ed. E. Kofman and E. Lebas, 63–184. London: Blackwell.
Lefebvre, H. 1970/2003. The urban revolution. Minneapolis, MN: Minnesota University Press.
Lefebvre, H. 1974/1991. The production of space. Oxford: Blackwell.
Leitner, H., J. Peck, and E. Sheppard. 2007. Contesting neoliberalism: Urban frontiers. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Liss, J. 2012. The right to the city: From theory to grassroots alliance. In Cities for people, not profit: Critical urban theory and the right to the city, ed. N. Brenner, P. Marcuse, and M. Mayer, 250–263. Abingdon: Routledge.
Lombard, M. 2019. Informality as structure or agency? Exploring shed housing in the UK as informal practice. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 43 (3): 569–575.
Lowndes, V., and K. McCaughie. 2013. Weathering the perfect storm? Austerity and institutional resilience in local government. Policy and Politics 41 (4): 533–549.
Madden, D. 2012. City becoming world: Nancy, Lefebvre, and the global–urban imagination. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 30 (5): 772–787.
Marcuse, P. 2009. From critical urban theory to the right to the city. City 13 (2–3): 185–197.
Marshall, T. 1950/1992. Citizenship and social class. London: Pluto Press.
Mason, P. 2012. Why it’s kicking off everywhere: The new global revolutions. London: Verso.
Mayer, M., and J. Boudreau. 2012. Social movements in urban politics: Trends in research and practice. In The Oxford handbook of urban politics, ed. K. Mossberger, S. Clarke, and P. John, 273–291. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Merrifield, A. 2011. Crowd politics: Or ‘here comes everybuddy’. New Left Review 71: 103–114.
Merrifield, A. 2014. The new urban question. London: Pluto Press.
Merrifield, A. 2018. Planetary urbanisation: une affaire de perception. Urban Geography 39 (10): 1603–1607.
Miller, R., and F. Stuart. 2017. Carceral citizenship: Race, rights and responsibility in the age of mass supervision. Theoretical Criminology 21 (4): 532–548.
Montgomery, J. 2013. Happy city: Transforming our lives through urban design. London: Penguin.
Moskowitz, P.E. 2017. Meet the radical workers’ cooperative growing in the heart of the deep south. The Nation, April 24. Retrieved from https://www.thenation.com/article/meet-the-radical-workers-cooperative-growing-in-the-heart-of-the-deep-south/.
Moulaert, F., F. Martinelli, E. Swyngedouw, and S. Gonzalez. 2005. Towards alternative model(s) of local innovation. Urban Studies 42 (11): 1969–1990.
Moulaert, F., F. Martinelli, S. González, and E. Swyngedouw. 2007. Social innovation and governance in European cities: Urban development—Between path dependency and radical innovation. European Urban and Regional Studies 14 (3): 195–209.
Newman, J. 2014. Governing the present: Activism, neoliberalism, and the problem of power and consent. Critical Policy Studies 8 (2): 133–147.
Ostrom, E. 1990. Governing the commons: The evolution of institutions for collective action. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Parés, M., J. Boada, R. Canal, E. Hernando, and R. Martínez. 2017. Challenging collaborative urban governance under austerity: How local governments and social organizations deal with housing policy in Catalonia (Spain). Journal of Urban Affairs 39 (8): 1066–1084.
Parker, S. 2011. Cities, politics and power. Abingdon: Routledge.
Peck, J. 2012. Austerity urbanism: American cities under extreme economy. City 16 (6): 626–655.
Peck, J., and N. Theodore. 2010. Mobilizing policy: Models, methods and mutations. Geoforum 41 (2): 169–174.
Pettit, B., and B. Western. 2004. Mass imprisonment and the life course: Race and class inequality in US incarceration. American Sociological Review 69 (2): 151–169.
Pill, M., and V. Guarneros-Meza. 2019. The everyday local state? Opening up and closing down informality in local governance. Local Government Studies 46 (4): 542–563.
Porter, L. 2011. Informality, the commons and the paradoxes for planning: Concepts and debates for informality and planning. Planning Theory and Practice 12 (1): 115–153.
Purcell, M. 2013. Possible worlds: Henri Lefebvre and the right to the city. Journal of Urban Affairs 36 (1): 141–154.
Putnam, R. 2000. Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster.
Rilović, A. 2017. Zagreb is OURS—Green municipalism in action. Green European Journal, 14 December. Retrieved from https://www.greeneuropeanjournal.eu/zagreb-is-ours-green-municipalism-in-action/.
Russell, B. 2019. Beyond the local trap: New municipalism and the rise of fearless cities. Antipode 51 (3): 989–1010.
Sandel, M. 2012. What money can’t buy: The moral limits of markets. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
Schaefer, L. 2018. The Preston model of community wealth building in the UK. Centre for Public Impact, 15 November. Retrieved from https://www.centreforpublicimpact.org/case-study/the-preston-model-of-community-wealth-building-in-the-uk/.
Short, J.R. 2006. Urban theory: A critical assessment. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Staeheli, L. 2003. Cities and citizenship. Urban Geography 24 (2): 97–102.
Stone, C. 1993. Urban regimes and the capacity to govern: A political economy approach. Journal of Urban Affairs 15: 1–28.
Swyngedouw, E. 2007. The post-political city. In Urban politics now, ed. BAVO, 58–76. Rotterdam: NAI Publishers.
Swyngedouw, E. 2010. Apocalypse forever? Post-political populism and the spectre of climate change. Theory, Culture and Society 27 (2/3): 213–232.
Tattersall, A. 2015. The global spread of community organizing: How ‘Alinsky-style’ community organizing travelled to Australia and what we learnt? Community Development Journal 50 (3): 380–396.
Tonkiss, F. 2013. Austerity urbanism and the makeshift city. City 17 (3): 312–324.
Tonkiss, F. 2014. Cities by design: The social life of urban form. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Tufekci, Z., and C. Wilson. 2012. Social media and the decision to participate in political protest: Observations from Tahrir Square. Journal of Communication 62 (2): 363–379.
(UN-Habitat III) United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development. 2017. New urban agenda. UN-Habitat III Secretariat. Retrieved from http://habitat3.org/wp-content/uploads/NUA-English.pdf.
United Nations. 2015. World urbanization prospects: The 2014 revision. Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. New York, NY: United Nations.
United Nations. 2019. World urbanization prospects: The 2018 revision. Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. New York, NY: United Nations.
Wacquant, L. 2008. The militarization of urban marginality: Lessons from the Brazilian metropolis. International Political Sociology 2 (1): 56–74.
Wagenaar, H., et al. 2015. The transformative potential of civic enterprise. Planning Theory and Practice 16 (4): 557–585.
Walliser, A. 2013. New urban activisms in Spain: Reclaiming public space in the face of crises. Policy and Politics 41 (3): 329–350.
Weaver, T. 2018. A city of citizens: Social justice and urban social citizenship. New Political Science 40 (1): 84–102.
Western, B. 2006. Punishment and inequality in America. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.
Wigle, J., and L. Zarate. 2010. Mexico city creates charter for the right to the city. Progressive Planning Magazine, July 14. Retrieved from https://www.plannersnetwork.org/2010/07/mexico-city-creates-charter-for-the-right-to-the-city/.
Williams, A., M. Goodwin, and P. Cloke. 2014. Neo-liberalism, big society and progressive localism. Environment and Planning a 46 (12): 2798–2815.
Wills, J. 2011. The geography of community and political organisation in London today. Political Geography 31 (2): 114–126.
Wright, E.O. 2011. Real utopias. Contexts 10 (2): 36–42.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Pill, M. (2021). What Are Citizens Doing?. In: Governing Cities. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72621-8_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72621-8_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-72620-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-72621-8
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)