Lena Baker

Lena Baker
Lena Baker
Lena Baker.jpg
Lena Baker's February 23, 1945 mugshot
Born (1901-06-08)June 8, 1901
Cuthbert, Georgia
Died March 5, 1945(1945-03-05) (aged 43)
Reidsville, Georgia
Conviction(s) Capital murder
Penalty Death by electrocution
Conviction status Executed
Occupation Maid

Lena Baker (June 8, 1901 – March 5, 1945) was an African American maid who was executed for murder by the State of Georgia in 1945 for killing her employer, Ernest Knight,[1] in 1944. At her trial she said that he had imprisoned and threatened to shoot her should she try to leave. She took his gun and shot him. Baker was the only woman to be executed by electrocution in Georgia.[2]

In 2005 Baker was granted a full and unconditional pardon by the State of Georgia, 60 years after her execution. The movie The Lena Baker Story (2008) is about her life.

Early life

Baker was born to a poor, black family of sharecroppers and raised near Cuthbert, Georgia. Her family moved to the county seat when she was a child. As a youth, she worked for a farmer named J.A. Cox, chopping cotton.[3]

Later years

By the 1940s, Baker was the mother of three children and worked as a maid to support her family.

In 1944, Baker started working for Ernest Knight, who had broken his leg. He owned a gristmill and held her there for days at a time against her will. One night they had an argument in which he threatened her with an iron bar. She tried to escape and shot and killed him. She immediately reported the incident and said she had struggled in self-defense.

Trial and execution

Lena Baker was charged with capital murder and stood trial on August 14, 1944, presided over by Judge William "Two Gun" Worrill, who kept a pair of pistols on his judicial bench in plain view.[4] The all-white male jury convicted her by the end of the afternoon.[4] Because blacks had been disfranchised since the turn of the century in the South and could not vote, they were disqualified from jury service. After filing an appeal in the case, her court-appointed counsel, W.L. Ferguson, dropped Baker as a client.[4]

Governor Ellis Arnall granted Lena a 60-day reprieve so that the Board of Pardons and Parole could review the case, but it denied clemency in January 1945.[5] Baker was transferred to Reidsville State Prison on February 23, 1945.[5]

On entering the execution chamber, Baker sat in the electric chair and said,

"What I done, I did in self-defense, or I would have been killed myself. Where I was I could not overcome it. God has forgiven me. I have nothing against anyone. I picked cotton for Mr. Pritchett, and he has been good to me. I am ready to go. I am one in the number. I am ready to meet my God. I have a very strong conscience."[4][6]

Initially she was buried in an unmarked grave behind Mount Vernon Baptist Church. Members of the congregation in 1998 arranged to have a simple head stone placed at her grave.[5]

In 2001, members of Baker's family began to mark the anniversary of her death at her gravesite. Baker's grand-nephew, Roosevelt Curry, requested the pardon in 2003, aided by the Georgia-based prison advocacy group, Prison and Jail Project. This was granted in 2005, with the Parole Board granting Baker a full and unconditional pardon.[7] Commentators suggested that the Board of Pardons and Parole should have revised the charge as manslaughter in 1945, which would have carried a maximum 15-year sentence.[1][8]

References

  1. ^ a b Younge, Gary (2005-08-17). "Pardon for maid executed in 1945". The Guardian. Retrieved 2008-12-10.
  2. ^ Lohr, Kathy. "Ga. Woman Pardoned 60 Years After Her Execution". National Public Radio. Retrieved 2008-12-10.
  3. ^ McGraw, Seamus. "Missing Mamma: The Lena Baker Story: The Pursuit of Justice". The Crime Library. Retrieved 2008-12-10.
  4. ^ a b c d McGraw, Seamus. "Missing Mamma: The Lena Baker Story: A Day in Court". The Crime Library. Retrieved 2008-12-10.
  5. ^ a b c "Lena Baker Case". History and Archaeology >> Progressive Era to World War II, 1900-1945. The New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2008-12-10.
  6. ^ McGraw, Seamus. "Missing Mamma: The Lena Baker Story: Goin' Home". The Crime Library. Retrieved 2008-12-10.
  7. ^ McGraw, Seamus. "Missing Mamma: The Lena Baker Story: Lena Baker's Pardon". The Crime Library. Retrieved 2008-12-10.
  8. ^ "Executed US maid to be pardoned". BBC News. 2005-08-16. Retrieved 2008-08-10.

Further reading

  • Phillips, Lela Bond. The Lena Baker Story. Atlanta: Wings Publishers, 2001.
  • Woolner, Ann. "Condemned in a Day," Fulton County Daily Report, March 9, 1998.
  • Woolner, Ann. "Lena Baker: Postscript," Fulton County Daily Report, March 16, 1998.

External links

Authority control
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