Возможности эхокардиографического скрининга у спортсменов. Часть 2. Структурные изменения сердца

Цель исследования: оценить пригодность существующих отечественных и международных рекомендаций и нормативов по использованию эхокардиографии (ЭхоКГ) в качестве скрининговой методики обследования спортсменов при различных заболеваниях.
Материалы и методы: проведен метаанализ 59 отечественных и зарубежных источников литературы по результатам ЭхоКГ спортсменов. Изучены также показатели 2647 спортсменов‑мужчин в возрасте от 16 до 45 лет, выступающих за сборные команды Москвы и прошедших углубленное медицинское обследование на базе Клиники спортивной медицины МНПЦ МРВСМ ДЗ г. Москвы.
Результаты: скрининговая ЭхоКГ достоверно выявляет структурные отклонения в сердце спортсменов от популяционных норм, в т. ч. врожденные или приобретенные патологии, обусловливающие как внезапную смерть, так и общую заболеваемость.
Заключение: с целью оперативного обследования спортсменов и снижения финансовых затрат уместно использовать первичное скрининговое, а при необходимости — углубленное обследование. При этом целесообразно выделение трех диагностических стадий, которые определяют опасность или допустимость занятий спортом: (А) — наличие риска развития осложнений, (В) — наличие структурных изменений сердца и (С) — появление клинических симптомов.

спортсмены, внезапная сердечная смерть, гипертрофия, внезапная остановка сердца, эхокардиография

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