RESEARCH ARTICLE
Effects of school environment on depression among Black and White adolescents
Mi Jin Choi,
Jun Sung Hong,
Raphael Travis Jr.,
Jangmin Kim,
Corresponding Author
Mi Jin Choi
School of Social Work, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
Correspondence Mi Jin Choi, School of Social Work, Texas State University, 601 University Dr, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorJun Sung Hong
School of Social Work, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
Department of Social Welfare, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
Search for more papers by this authorRaphael Travis Jr.
School of Social Work, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJangmin Kim
School of Social Work, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
Search for more papers by this author
Mi Jin Choi,
Jun Sung Hong,
Raphael Travis Jr.,
Jangmin Kim,
Corresponding Author
Mi Jin Choi
School of Social Work, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
Correspondence Mi Jin Choi, School of Social Work, Texas State University, 601 University Dr, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorJun Sung Hong
School of Social Work, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
Department of Social Welfare, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
Search for more papers by this authorRaphael Travis Jr.
School of Social Work, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJangmin Kim
School of Social Work, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
Search for more papers by this author
First published: 09 December 2022
Abstract
While the school environment is critical for adolescents' psychological development, how the school environment influences depression among different racial groups has not been fully explored. This study aims to identify the effects of the school environment (school connectedness, school climates, trouble with peers and teachers) on depressive symptoms among Black and White adolescents. It also compares how the effects of school environments differ between Black and White adolescents. This study analyzed wave 6 of the Fragile Families and Child Well-being Study, a longitudinal birth cohort study in 20 major cities across the United States. Almost three-fourth (73.39%) of the adolescents were Black, and 26.61% were White. About half (50.46%) of the adolescents were females, and the mean age of adolescents was 15.39. Multiple regression analysis showed that higher school connectedness and less frequent troubles with teachers were associated with lower depression among Black adolescents. In contrast, only school connectedness was associated with depression among White adolescents. Higher school connectedness was associated with lower depressive symptoms for both Black and White adolescents. However, the magnitude of the effects of school connectedness was found to be statistically weaker among Black adolescents. These findings suggest a need for creating a racially equitable school environment that makes every student feel more connected to their schools, especially Black students.
Open Research
PEER REVIEW
The peer review history for this article is available at https://publons.com/publon/10.1002/jcop.22969.
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
Research data are not shared.
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