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Culture shapes values, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors of individuals as a group (Dilworth-Anderson and Burton 1999), and the way in which individuals express themselves and expose their emotions may vary by cultural orientations. Because most research on quality of life and emotional well-being relies on self-reports, the potential influence of culture on reports of emotion emerges as a topic of importance. This entry addresses the issue by reviewing literature on differential item functioning (DIF) of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D; Radloff 1977).
Since its initial development in the 1970s, the CES-D has been widely used as a screening tool for depression in both clinical and research settings. Although it was based on samples composed largely of European-Americans, the CES-D has now been translated into more than 50 different languages. These versions of the CES-D have excellent psychometric properties, and the instrument is generally held...
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Jang, Y. (2023). Cultural Influences on Self-Reported Happiness. In: Maggino, F. (eds) Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17299-1_4203
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