Abstract
Purpose
To assess the influence of gut microbiome on overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms progression.
Methods
This was a 3-year longitudinal study, Hirosaki in Japan. We assessed OAB symptoms and reviewed the medication records of each subject in 2016. We extracted 16S rRNA genes from fecal samples and analyzed gut microbiomes via next-generation sequencing. We evaluated the changes in urinary urgency (UU) and/or urgent urinary incontinence (UUI) from 2016 to 2019. We defined UU/UUI-progression as exacerbation of UU and/or UUI. We compared the clinical backgrounds and microbiota structure between UU/UUI-progression subjects and non-progression (controls). We assessed the impact of gut microbiome on the UU/UUI-progression via multivariate logistic regression analyses.
Results
Of 669 subjects, 126 were UU/UUI-progression subjects. These subjects had a higher age and prevalence of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use (14% vs. 5.4%, P = 0.003), irritable bowel syndrome, sleep disturbance, and metabolic syndrome than those without. We found the different microbiota structures between subjects with UU/UUI-progression and those without. A higher relative abundance of genus Streptococcus (harmful bacterial genus for human health) appeared in UU/UUI-progression subjects (3.8% vs. 2.3%, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that age ≥ 65 years, current smoking, sleep disturbance, metabolic syndrome, and genus Streptococcus (Odds ratio: 1.05, P = 0.029) were independent risk factors for UU/UUI-progression. PPI use turned to be a significant risk factor on a multivariate analysis without including genus Streptococcus.
Conclusions
Gut microbiome might be associated with a risk for OAB symptoms progression. PPI use might cause gut dysbiosis and increase this risk.
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Data availability
The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to Dr. Atsushi Imai in Oyokyo Kidney Research Institute Hirosaki Hospital, Prof. Shigeyuki Nakaji and the entire staff of the Department of Social Medicine in Hirosaki University for their invaluable help with data collection. JST COI Grant Number JPMJCE1302 supported this work. The authors would also like to thank Enago (www.enago.jp) for the English language review.
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1) Conception and design of the study: TO, SH, and CO, 2) analysis and interpretation of data: YO, DS, KO, SH and TO, 3) collection and assembly of data: JS, TM, SH, and CO, 4) drafting of the article: YO and TO, 5) critical revision of the article for important intellectual content: SH, and CO, all other authors have contributed to data collection and interpretation and critically reviewed the manuscript. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
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Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects. The data we used from the Iwaki Health Promotion Project was approved by the Ethics Committee of Hirosaki University School of Medicine (authorization number 2021-003raH).
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Okuyama, Y., Okamoto, T., Sasaki, D. et al. The influence of gut microbiome on progression of overactive bladder symptoms: a community-based 3-year longitudinal study in Aomori, Japan. Int Urol Nephrol 54, 9–16 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-021-03044-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-021-03044-w