Zusammenfassung
Dieser Artikel gibt eine Übersicht über die Entwicklung vergleichender politikwissenschaftlicher Ansätze. In der Prä-Moderne waren diese oft normativ geprägt — eine Ausnahme bildet Machiavelli — oder stützten sich später auf Evolutionstheorien und blieben insgesamt unsystematisch. In der klassischen Moderne wurde der Vergleich als kontrolliertes Experiment eingeführt und die “comparative politics” fest etabliert. Prägend war vor allem in den USA der Behavioralismus, der aber von anderen Ansätzen ergänzt wurde. Später gab es eine Hinwendung zur Untersuchung von Politikfeldern und zu zuvor vernachlässigten institutionellen Ansätzen. In der Postmoderne verbreiterte sich die Perspektive, allerdings sind ihre Ansätze kaum mit Idee und Methode des kontrollierten Vergleichs vereinbar.
Abstract
This article gives an overview of the development of comparative approaches in Political Science. In the pre-modern era, these were, for the most part, either normatively oriented — with the exception of Machiavelli — or based on evolutionist theories. In general, comparisons were not carried out systematically. In classical modernity, comparisons were conducted as controlled experiments and comparative politics established itself as a sub-discipline of Political Science. During this time, it was influenced considerably by Behaviouralism, in particular in the United States, but other approaches existed in parallel. Subsequently, approaches in comparative politics turned to policy analysis and institutional approaches, the latter having been neglected previously. Post-modern approaches broadened the perspective, but are neither compatible with the idea nor do they meet the criteria of a method of controlled comparison.
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von Beyme, K. Historische Entwicklung der Vergleichenden Politikwissenschaft. Z Vgl Polit Wiss 1, 28–42 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12286-007-0002-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12286-007-0002-x