![Sample our Behavioral Sciences journals, sign in here to start your access, latest two full volumes FREE to you for 14 days]({"type":"image" , "src" : "/sda/110801/TOC-Subject-Sample-2021-Behavioral-Sciences.jpg"})
Abstract
Non-clinical depression is a major issue on college campuses, with some surveys estimating that 30% of college students have experienced a major depressive episode. One theoretical framework of depression is Zimbardo and Boyd (Citation1999) time perspective model, which posits that our perspectives on time impact different aspects of life including our emotions, judgments, and decision making. The current study seeks to determine the role of this time perspectives model and a range of cognitive constructs including hope, rumination, and working memory on their influence in depression. Currently enrolled college students and participants not currently enrolled in college completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, the Adult Hope Scale, the Rumination Reflection Questionnaire, and the Automated Working Memory Assessment. Linear regression analysis revealed that, for the college students, Rumination and Past Negative scores predicted depressive symptoms. For the non-college students, Rumination, Present Fatalism, Hope Agency and Verbal Working Memory scores predicted depressive symptoms. The current results reiterate the importance of rumination in depression symptomology and that current cognitive depression models and treatments may benefit from including time perspective measures. Further implications of the results are discussed.
Keywords:
Disclosure Statement
No disclosure statement is required if not provided by the authors.
Ethical Standards
The authors assert that all procedures contributing to this work comply with the ethical standards of the relevant national and institutional committees on human experimentation and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008.
Ethical Approval
All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
Informed Consent
Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
Additional information
Funding
Notes on contributors
Rachel K. Carpenter
Rachel Carpenter, MS is a PhD candidate in the Clinical Psychology Doctoral Program at East Tennessee State University. Published works have examined suicide and adverse child experiences, intimate partner violence, working memory, augmented reality and mood, and cognition.
John C. Horton
Tracy Packiam Alloway, PhD, is an award-winning psychologist, professor, author, and TEDx speaker. She has published 15 books and over 100 scientific articles on the brain and memory.
Tracy Packiam Alloway
John Horton is a graduate of the Master’s program at the University of North Florida.