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Journal of Gerontological Social Work Volume 67, 2024 - Issue 3
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Research Article

Developing and Validating the Senior Meaning in Life Evaluation (SMiLE) Scale

Seok In Nama Graduate School of Social Welfare, Yonsei University, Seoul, South KoreaORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8053-0690View further author information
ORCID Icon,
Sejin Kimb Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs, Sejong, South KoreaORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2767-4761View further author information
ORCID Icon,
Hyojin Nama Graduate School of Social Welfare, Yonsei University, Seoul, South KoreaORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4604-1110View further author information
ORCID Icon,
Junpyo Kimc School of Social Welfare, Gyeongsang National University, Jin ju, South KoreaORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4789-8706View further author information
ORCID Icon,
Eunjin Leea Graduate School of Social Welfare, Yonsei University, Seoul, South KoreaORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9330-7906View further author information
ORCID Icon,
Sangyoon Hana Graduate School of Social Welfare, Yonsei University, Seoul, South KoreaORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0753-8685View further author information
ORCID Icon &
HeeJung Yid School of Social Welfare, Dongduk Women’s University, Seoul, South KoreaCorrespondenceyiheejung724@gmail.com
ORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4194-6321View further author information
ORCID Icon show all
Pages 369-385 | Received 03 Jun 2023, Accepted 11 Jan 2024, Published online: 10 Mar 2024
 
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ABSTRACT

The Senior Meaning in Life Evaluation scale encompasses not only older adults’ personal motivation and growth but also the meaning for them in society and in their relationships: With this scale, we aimed to present their voices. A three-phase process was followed: The scale’s items were developed empirically from interviews of older adults; exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to test convergent and concurrent validity; and finally, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed. EFA resulted in 18 items grouped into 4 factors (i.e., proactive on life, overcoming emptiness, acceptance in life, and social contribution), which was supported by the CFA.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank all participants in this study. Other researchers may contact authors regarding data, analysis methods, and other research materials for replication purposes. The study was not preregistered.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Correction Statement

This article has been corrected with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea [NRF-2017M3C1B607066722].

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