Psychological need fulfillment as a source of resilience: Its protective role in concerns and symptoms of anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic
Corresponding Author
Joachim Waterschoot
Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Correspondence
Joachim Waterschoot, Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorSofie Morbée
Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorBart Soenens
Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorOmer Van den Bergh
Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorEveline Raemdonck
Maison des Sciences Humaines, Faculty of Psychological Sciences and Education, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorMarie Brisbois
Institute for Research in the Psychological Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorMathias Schmitz
Institute for Research in the Psychological Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorOlivier Klein
Maison des Sciences Humaines, Faculty of Psychological Sciences and Education, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorOlivier Luminet
Institute for Research in the Psychological Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Fund for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS), Brussels, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorPascaline Van Oost
Institute for Research in the Psychological Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorVincent Yzerbyt
Institute for Research in the Psychological Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorMaarten Vansteenkiste
Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Joachim Waterschoot
Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Correspondence
Joachim Waterschoot, Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorSofie Morbée
Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorBart Soenens
Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorOmer Van den Bergh
Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorEveline Raemdonck
Maison des Sciences Humaines, Faculty of Psychological Sciences and Education, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorMarie Brisbois
Institute for Research in the Psychological Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorMathias Schmitz
Institute for Research in the Psychological Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorOlivier Klein
Maison des Sciences Humaines, Faculty of Psychological Sciences and Education, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorOlivier Luminet
Institute for Research in the Psychological Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Fund for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS), Brussels, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorPascaline Van Oost
Institute for Research in the Psychological Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorVincent Yzerbyt
Institute for Research in the Psychological Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorMaarten Vansteenkiste
Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorFunding information: The present research was financially supported by the Belgian Federal Ministry of Health through RIZIV (Rijksinstituut voor ziekte- en invaliditeitsverzekering)/INAMI (institut national de maladie-invalidité).
Abstract
The essential role of the psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness in well-being has been demonstrated convincingly. Yet whether their fulfillment also serves as a source of resilience in the face of adversity has received limited attention. A longitudinal sample of Belgian citizens (N = 1869; Mage = 56.23, 68% female) completed an online questionnaire on 13 occasions between April 2020 and April 2022 during the COVID-19 crisis. Multilevel analyses showed that need fulfillment, both at the between- and within-person level, related negatively to concerns, even after controlling for exposure to personal risks. Further, the association between concerns and changes in symptoms of depression and anxiety was dampened when people reported higher need fulfillment compared with others (i.e. between-person level) or when they reported periodically more need fulfillment than usual (i.e. within-person level). This moderation effect occurred on top of the systematic negative main effect of need fulfillment on symptoms of anxiety and depression. Psychological need fulfillment serves as a resilience factor (a) by reducing concerns in the face of adverse events (i.e. an appraisal effect) and (b) by mobilizing resources that help individuals to deal better with concerns (i.e. a coping effect). Theoretical and practical implications of the resilience effect of need fulfillment are discussed.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Open Research
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
The R scripts to carry out the analyses are publicly available on Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/e8taf/?view_only=2e78877c13ac43d6882611a5dda0e043. Datasets are hosted in Zenodo (a public repository) and are available upon request and for replication purposes only (after contacting responsible researcher).
Supporting Information
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| aphw12508-sup-0001-supplement.docxWord 2007 document , 98 KB | Table S1. Overview of the Different Phases in this Study (Including Information about the Dates, Number of Participants, and the Epidemiological and Political Situation). Table S2. Linear Regression Models in Predicting Number of Participations. Table S3. Linear mixed regression models including only covariates for study variables with standardized coefficient, p-values and partial eta squares. Table S4. Hierarchical Linear Mixed Regression Models in Predicting (Changes in) Concerns. Table S5. Hierarchical Linear Mixed Regression Models in Predicting (Changes in) Concerns. Table S6. Linear Mixed Regression Models Predicting Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms. |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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