Интеграция опросных данных и цифровых следов: обзор основных методологических подходов
Научная статья
Аннотация
Цель настоящей статьи – рассмотреть основные методологические подходы к интеграции опросных данных и цифровых следов, которые применяются в социологических исследованиях. В работе обсуждается методологическая дискуссия о месте больших цифровых данных в концептуальном аппарате социальных наук. Предпринимается попытка проблематизировать практику интеграции данных опросов и цифровых следов через концепцию «реактивного – нереактивного» измерения. Обозначаются возможные функции цифровых следов (на примере данных социальных медиа) при встраивании в дизайн исследования. На основе трех ведущих исследовательских направлений (изучения медиапотребления, медиаэффектов и электорального поведения) были продемонстрированы общие методологические принципы интеграции данных разной природы, также обозначены возможные перспективы развития этих подходов. В статье обсуждается широкий круг методологических вопросов: проблемы валидности связывания данных, потенциальные угрозы валидности цифровых следов, возможности по совершенствованию опросного инструментария, обогащению данных, поиску новых валидных индикаторов социально-политических процессов и кросс- валидации результатов исследований. Отдельно рассматриваются практики интеграции административных данных.
Ключевые слова:
интеграция данных, связывание данных, большие данные, нереактивные методы, цифровые следы, опросные данные
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Статья
Поступила: 11.05.2022
Опубликована: 17.12.2022
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ОНЛАЙН-ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ
