Volume 35, Issue 2 p. 533-545
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Depressive symptoms among recent Latinx immigrants in South Florida: The role of premigration trauma and stress, postimmigration stress, and gender

Vicky Vazquez

Corresponding Author

Vicky Vazquez

Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA

Department of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA

Correspondence

Vicky Vazquez, Department of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, AHC5-411, Miami, FL 33199, USA.

Email: [email protected]

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Patria Rojas

Patria Rojas

Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA

Department of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA

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Miguel Ángel Cano

Miguel Ángel Cano

Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA

Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA

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Mario De La Rosa

Mario De La Rosa

Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA

School of Social Work, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA

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Eduardo Romano

Eduardo Romano

Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation (PIRE), Beltsville, Maryland, USA

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Mariana Sánchez

Mariana Sánchez

Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse (CRUSADA), Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA

Department of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA

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First published: 31 December 2021
Citations: 1

This study was supported by an S21 Endowment Grant (i.e., Florida International University–Health Disparities Initiative; S21MD010683) from the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) The parent study was supported by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism of the NIH (R01AA025720). The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Abstract

en

In the past decade, recent Latinx immigrants (RLIs) from South and Central America have arrived in the United States seeking asylum from countries affected by war, political upheaval, and high crime and poverty rates. The premigration stress and trauma they experience are further compounded by postimmigration stress due to discrimination, lack of access to health care, and financial instability. Evidence suggests RLIs who experience such stress and trauma have an increased risk of developing depressive symptoms. We examined the combined effect of premigration stress and trauma and postimmigration stress on postimmigration depressive symptoms; we also explored the moderating effect of gender. Hierarchical multiple regression and moderation analyses were conducted on a cross-sectional sample of 540 young adult RLIs (age range: 18–34 years, 50.2% men) in South Florida. Higher levels of postimmigration stress, β = .37, p < .001, were associated with increased postimmigration depressive symptoms. No significant associations emerged between premigration stress and trauma and postimmigration depressive symptoms. Moderation analyses revealed no significant interaction effect of gender. Post hoc analyses indicated that country/region of origin moderated the relation between postimmigration stress and depressive symptoms such that the association was stronger among Venezuelan, β = 1.51, p < .001; other South American, β = 1.06, p < .001; and Central American/Mexican RLIs, β = 1.38, p < .001, compared with Caribbean RLIs, β = .45, p  = .122. These findings suggest that interventions focused on addressing postimmigration stress early in the immigration process can potentially lower subsequent depressive symptoms among RLIs.

抽象

zh

Traditional and Simplified Chinese Abstracts by the Asian Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (AsianSTSS)

簡體及繁體中文撮要由亞洲創傷心理研究學會翻譯

Traditional Chinese

南佛羅里達近期拉丁移民的抑鬱症狀:

移民前創傷及壓力、移民後壓力及性別的作用

摘要

在過去的十年中, 來自南美洲及中美洲的來自南美洲及中美洲的拉丁裔移民((RLIs )從受戰爭、政治動蕩、高犯罪率及貧困率影響的國家來到美國尋求庇護。 他們在移民前經歷的壓力及創傷, 在移民後因歧視、缺乏醫療服務及經濟不穩定而進一步加劇。 有證據表明, 經歷過這種壓力及創傷的年輕成年拉丁裔移民, 出現抑鬱徵狀的風險會增加。 我們研究了移民前壓力及創傷以及移民後壓力對移民後抑鬱徵狀的綜合影響; 我們還探討了性別的調節作用。 我們對南佛羅里達州的540名年輕成年拉丁裔移民(年齡範圍:18-34歲, 50.2%為男性)的橫斷面樣本進行了層次多元回歸及調節分析。 較高的移民後壓力水準β = .37, p < .001, 與移民後抑鬱徵狀增加有關。 移民前的壓力及創傷與移民後的抑鬱徵狀之間沒有出現明顯的關聯。 調及分析顯示, 性別沒有明顯的交互效應。 事後分析表明, 原籍國/地區調節了移民後壓力及抑鬱徵狀之間的關係, 與加勒比海地區移民相比, 委內瑞拉人的關係更強, β=1.51, p<0.001; 其他南美人, β=1.06, p<0.001; 中美洲/墨西哥移民, β=1.38, p<0.001, β=0.45, p=0.122 。 這些發現表明, 在移民過程的早期, 注重解決移民後的壓力的干預措施, 有可能降低拉丁裔移民的後續抑鬱徵狀。

Simplified Chinese

南佛罗里达近期拉丁移民的抑郁症状:

移民前创伤及压力、移民后压力及性别的作用

摘要

在过去的十年中, 来自南美洲及中美洲的来自南美洲及中美洲的拉丁裔移民((RLIs )从受战争、政治动荡、高犯罪率及贫困率影响的国家来到美国寻求庇护。 他们在移民前经历的压力及创伤, 在移民后因歧视、缺乏医疗服务及经济不稳定而进一步加剧。 有证据表明, 经历过这种压力及创伤的年轻成年拉丁裔移民, 出现抑郁征状的风险会增加。 我们研究了移民前压力及创伤以及移民后压力对移民后抑郁征状的综合影响; 我们还探讨了性别的调节作用。 我们对南佛罗里达州的540名年轻成年拉丁裔移民(年龄范围:18-34岁, 50.2%为男性)的横断面样本进行了层次多元回归及调节分析。 较高的移民后压力水平β = .37, p < .001, 与移民后抑郁征状增加有关。 移民前的压力及创伤与移民后的抑郁征状之间没有出现明显的关联。 调及分析显示, 性别没有明显的交互效应。 事后分析表明, 原籍国/地区调节了移民后压力及抑郁征状之间的关系, 与加勒比海地区移民相比, 委内瑞拉人的关系更强, β=1.51, p<0.001; 其他南美人, β=1.06, p<0.001; 中美洲/墨西哥移民, β=1.38, p<0.001, β=0.45, p=0.122 。 这些发现表明, 在移民过程的早期, 注重解决移民后的压力的干预措施, 有可能降低拉丁裔移民的后续抑郁征状。

Resumen

es

JOTS-21-0059.R3

Spanish Abstracts by Asociación Chilena de Estrés Traumático (ACET)

Síntomas Depresivos Entre Inmigrantes Latinos Recientes en Florida del Sur: el Rol del Trauma y el Estrés Pre-Migratorio, el Estrés Post-Inmigratorio y el Género

DEPRESIÓN, TRAUMA, ESTRÉS Y GÉNERO EN INMIGRANTES LATINOS

En la última década, inmigrantes latinos recientes (RLIs por sus siglas en inglés) procedentes de Sudamérica y Centroamérica han llegado a Estados Unidos en busca de asilo desde países afectados por la guerra, la agitación política y los altos índices de delincuencia y pobreza. El estrés y el trauma pre-migración que experimentan se ven agravados por el estrés post-inmigración debido a la discriminación, la falta de acceso a la atención sanitaria y la inestabilidad financiera. Los datos sugieren que los RLIs que experimentan este tipo de estrés y trauma tienen un mayor riesgo de desarrollar síntomas depresivos. Examinamos el efecto combinado del estrés y el trauma pre-migratorios y del estrés post-inmigratorio sobre los síntomas depresivos post-inmigratorios; también exploramos el efecto moderador del género. Se realizaron análisis de regresión múltiple jerárquica y de moderación en una muestra transversal de 540 jóvenes adultos RLIs (rango de edad: 18-34 años, 50.2% hombres) en Florida del Sur. Los niveles más altos de estrés post-inmigratorio, β = 0.37, p < 0.001, se asociaron con un aumento de los síntomas depresivos post-inmigratorios. No surgieron asociaciones significativas entre el estrés pre-migratorio y el trauma y los síntomas depresivos post-inmigratorios. Los análisis de moderación no revelaron ningún efecto de interacción significativo del género. Los análisis post hoc indicaron que el país/región de origen moderó la relación entre el estrés post-inmigratorio y los síntomas depresivos, de manera que la asociación fue más fuerte entre los RLIs venezolanos, β = 1.51, p < 0.001; otros sudamericanos, β = 1.06, p < 0.001; y centroamericanos/mexicanos, β = 1.38, p < 0.001, en comparación con los RLIs caribeños, β = 0.45, p = 0.122. Estos resultados sugieren que las intervenciones centradas en el tratamiento del estrés post-inmigratorio en una fase temprana del proceso de inmigración pueden reducir potencialmente los síntomas depresivos posteriores entre los RLIs.

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