Abstract
The present article will address acts of violence in which victims are selected because of their ethnic, racial, religious, cultural, or national origin. These victims are attacked not in their capacities as individuals, but as representatives of such minority groups. There is widespread consensus among researchers that this is the defining core of the phenomenon, but no agreement on how to delimit it or what label to use. This form of violence is described as racist violence, xenophobic violence, hate crime, or rightwing extremist violence.
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Bjørgo, T. (2003). Violence against Ethnic and Religious Minorities. In: Heitmeyer, W., Hagan, J. (eds) International Handbook of Violence Research. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-306-48039-3_39
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