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Life histories predict vulnerability to overexploitation in parrotfishes

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Abstract

A scarcity of life-history data currently exists for many exploited coral reef fishes, hindering our ability to interpret fishery dynamics and develop sound conservation policies. In particular, parrotfishes (Family Labridae) represent a ubiquitous and ecologically important group that is increasingly prevalent in commercial and artisanal fisheries worldwide. We used both fishery-dependent and fishery-independent data to examine the effect of life histories on vulnerability to overexploitation in parrotfishes. Vulnerability for each species was derived from independent measures associated with both temporal (20-year catch records) and spatial datasets. Most life-history traits examined were significant predictors of vulnerability across species, but their relative utility differed considerably. Length-based traits (e.g., lengths at maturity and sex change, maximum length) were generally superior to age-based traits (e.g., life span), but one age-based trait, age at female maturation, was the best predictor. The results suggest that easily derived metrics such as maximum length can be effective measures of sensitivity to exploitation when applied to phylogenetically related multispecies assemblages, but more holistic and comprehensive age-based demographic data should be sought, especially in data-deficient and heavily impacted regions. Given the increasing prevalence of parrotfishes in the global coral reef harvest, species-specific responses demonstrate the capacity for heavy fishing pressure to alter parrotfish assemblages considerably.

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Acknowledgments

We thank J. McIlwain and the Guam Department of Aquatic and Wildlife Resources for logistical assistance and N. Graham for helpful comments. This work was supported by the Guam Coral Reef Initiative and the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, and B.M.T. was supported by a Postgraduate Research Scholarship from James Cook University (JCU). Insightful comments by an anonymous reviewer were greatly appreciated and improved the quality of the manuscript. Research was conducted under JCU ethics permit number A1674 and University of Guam Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee permit number UOG1202.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia

    Brett M. Taylor, Garry R. Russ & J. Howard Choat

  2. ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia

    Brett M. Taylor & Garry R. Russ

  3. Marine Laboratory, University of Guam, Mangilao, GU, 96923, USA

    Peter Houk

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  1. Brett M. Taylor
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  3. Garry R. Russ
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  4. J. Howard Choat
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Correspondence to Brett M. Taylor.

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Communicated by Ecology Editor Dr. Alastair Harborne

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Taylor, B.M., Houk, P., Russ, G.R. et al. Life histories predict vulnerability to overexploitation in parrotfishes. Coral Reefs 33, 869–878 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-014-1187-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-014-1187-5

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