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Longitudinal Association Between Youth Multimorbidity and Psychological Distress: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic

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Abstract

This research examined longitudinal associations between youth physical-mental multimorbidity and psychological distress before and during the COVID-19 pandemic; assessed the contextual impact of the pandemic on these associations; and, investigated potential moderating factors. The Multimorbidity in Youth across the Life-course, an ongoing study of youth aged 2–16 years (mean 9.4; 46.9% female) with physical illness, was used as the sampling frame for this COVID-19 sub-study, in which 147 parent-youth dyads participated. Psychological distress was measured using the Kessler-6 (K6). Multimorbidity was associated with higher pre-pandemic, but not with intra-pandemic distress. Disability moderated pre-pandemic distress—multimorbidity was associated with higher K6 among youth with high disability, but not among youth with low disability. Age moderated intra-pandemic distress—multimorbidity was associated with higher K6 in older youth, but not among younger youth.

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Data Availability

The data collected for this study may be available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the children, parents, and health professionals and their staff at McMaster Children’s Hospital without whose participation this study would not have been possible. We especially thank Jessica Zelman, Robyn Wojicki, Charlene Attard, and Melissa Elgie for coordinating the study, Christy Chan for managing the data, and Dr. Scott Leatherdale for sharing his insights during the preparation of this manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research [PJT-148602; MS1-173067] and M.A.F is supported by the Canada Research Chairs Program. The funder had no role in the conduct of this research, writing of this manuscript, or the decision to submit findings for publication.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada

    Mark A. Ferro

  2. Division of Adolescent Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Alene Toulany

  3. School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Alene Toulany

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  1. Mark A. Ferro
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  2. Alene Toulany
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Contributions

M.A.F designed the study, undertook the statistical analysis, and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. A.T. contributed intellectual content, assisted with the preparation of the manuscript, and revised drafts of the manuscript. All authors contributed to and have approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mark A. Ferro.

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Competing Interests

The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

Ethics approval and consent to participate

Ethics approval for this study was obtained from the Waterloo Human Research Ethics Board (#31010) and Hamilton Integrated Research Ethics Board (#2797).

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Ferro, M.A., Toulany, A. Longitudinal Association Between Youth Multimorbidity and Psychological Distress: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-023-01564-3

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