Abstract
The superorder Cetartiodactyla has expanded to occupy a wide range of terrestrial and marine niches with very different energy requirements. As mitochondria are the primary site of energy production, we hypothesized that the structure and evolutionary rate of Cetartiodactyla mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been influenced by the metabolic requirements of different ecological niches. In this study, we constructed full-length mtDNA sequences for four Cetartiodactyla species: Babyrousa babyrussa, Stenella clymene, Stenella frontalis, and Cephalorhynchus commersonii. We performed comparative mitochondrial genome analysis, selection pressure analyses, and phylogenetic independent contrasts (PIC) analysis to detect the structure and evolutionary rate of mitogenomes from Cetartiodactyla native to plain, plateau, and marine niches. We found that the structure of Cetartiodactyla mtDNA was consistent across three niches. However, selection pressure analyses showed that the evolutionary rate of mtDNA protein-coding genes (PCGs) was significantly different between niches. The marine Cetartiodactyla had the highest rate of PCG evolution, while in terrestrial species, the evolutionary rate of all PCGs except ND3 and ND6 was faster in plateau Cetartiodactyla than in plain Cetartiodactyla. PIC analysis also demonstrated that PCG evolutionary rates were positively correlated with niche type (R2 = 0.1226, p = 0.04239). This study suggests divergent mechanisms for the evolution of mtDNA PCGs, prompting the adaptation of Cetartiodactyla to diverse niches.
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This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31872242, 32070405, 32001228, 32000291, 32170530).
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Conceptualization, H. Z., X. Wang, X. Wu, and Q. W.; methodology, X. Wang, Y. S., S. Z., and G. S.; writing—original draft preparation, X. Wang; writing—reviewing and editing, X. Wang; formal analysis, X. Wang, S. M., H. D., and W. S.; validation, X. Wang; funding acquisition, H. Z., X. Wu, and W. S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
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Wang, X., Shang, Y., Wu, X. et al. Divergent evolution of mitogenomics in Cetartiodactyla niche adaptation. Org Divers Evol 23, 243–259 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-022-00574-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-022-00574-8