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Psychometric properties of the Youth Self-rated Insomnia Scale (YSIS) in adolescent psychiatric patients

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Abstract

The 8-item Youth Self-rated Insomnia Scale (YSIS) was developed to assess insomnia severity in the past month among youths. The YSIS has satisfactory psychometric properties in the general adolescent population. This study examined psychometric properties of the YSIS in a large sample of adolescent psychiatric patients. A total of 536 patients aged 10–19 years were consecutively recruited from the outpatient department of Shandong Mental Health Center between December 2021 and March 2022. Patients completed a structured questionnaire consisting of the YSIS scale and questions about sleep duration, nightmares, psychiatric history, depression, psychiatric and sleep medications, and demographics. Patients were diagnosed following the ICD-10 criteria. Of the participants, the mean age was 15.30 years (SD = 1.95), 61.0% were female, 60.9% were diagnosed with mood disorders, 65.7% were on antidepressants, and 49.0% were on anxiolytics or hypnotics. The mean YSIS score was 22.6 (SD = 8.07). Coefficient omega was 0.84. Exploratory factor analysis revealed one factor and two correlated residuals. The YSIS scores were significantly correlated with depression scores (r = 0.68) and significantly increased with sleep onset latency, short sleep duration, nightmare frequency, and sleep medication use. The YSIS demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency reliability, construct validity, and criteria-related validity in adolescent psychiatric patients. The YSIS appears to be a reliable and valid scale for measuring insomnia severity in adolescent psychiatric patients.

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Abbreviations

AIS:

Athens Insomnia Scale

ANCOVA:

Analysis of covariance

CADSS:

Chinese adolescent daytime sleepiness scale

CFA:

Confirmatory factor analysis

CSHQ:

Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire

EFA:

Exploratory factor analysis

GAD-7:

Generalized anxiety disorder scale

ISI:

Insomnia Severity Index

PHQ-9:

Patient health questionnaire

PSQI:

Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index

YSIS:

Youth Self-rated Insomnia Scale

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank all adolescent psychiatric patients and their parents for their voluntarily participating in this study.

Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, 49 Wen Hua Dong Road, Jinan, 250014, China

    Lei Hu

  2. School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China

    Ziyang Wang

  3. Department of Educational Psychology and Learning Systems, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA

    Yanyun Yang

  4. Center for Public Health Initiatives, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Xianchen Liu

Authors
  1. Lei Hu
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Contributions

Conceived and designed the study: LH, XCL, YY. Data collection: ZW, LH. Analyzed the data: XCL, LH, YY. Wrote the paper: LH, XCL, YY. Revision and final decision: LH, XCL, YY, ZW.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Lei Hu or Xianchen Liu.

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The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

This study was approved by the ethics committee of the Shandong Mental Health Center in China.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants and their parents included in the study.

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Hu, L., Wang, Z., Yang, Y. et al. Psychometric properties of the Youth Self-rated Insomnia Scale (YSIS) in adolescent psychiatric patients. Sleep Biol. Rhythms 22, 103–111 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41105-023-00487-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41105-023-00487-9

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