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Structures, Processes, and Communication in the Transformation of the Carter Administration’s Foreign Policy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2016

Luis da Vinha*
Affiliation:
Valley City State University

Abstract

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Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Donald Critchlow and Cambridge University Press 2016 

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References

NOTES

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32. Ford and Ford, “The Role of Conversations in Producing Intentional Change in Organizations,” 542.

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40. Carter, Keeping Faith, 59.

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53. Best, The National Security Council.

54. Newmann, “The Structures of National Security Decision Making.”

55. Newmann, “Causes of Change in National Security Processes.”

56. Link, “The Presidential Kaleidoscope”; Newmann, “The Structures of National Security Decision Making.”

57. Newmann, “The Structures of National Security Decision Making,” 277.

58. Link, “The Presidential Kaleidoscope,” 247–48.

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61. Newmann, “The Structures of National Security Decision Making”; Rothkopf, Running the World.

62. Carter, Keeping Faith, 55.

63. Brzezinski, Power and Principle; Cyrus Vance, Hard Choices: Critical Years in Americas Foreign Policy (New York, 1983).

64. Brzezinski, Power and Principle.

65. Vance, Hard Choices, 39.

66. Brzezinski, Power and Principle, 64.

67. Carter, Keeping Faith.

68. Brzezinski, Power and Principle, 65.

69. Vance, Hard Choices, 38.

70. Carter, Keeping Faith.

71. Vance, Hard Choices, 38.

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77. Brzezinski, Power and Principle.

78. Ibid.; Vance, Hard Choices.

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81. PRM-10, Final Report “Military Strategy and Force Posture Review” (undated), http://www.jimmycarterlibrary.gov/documents/prmemorandums/pres_memorandums.phtml (accessed 20 January 2013).

82. Ibid., 24.

83. Presidential Directive 18, U.S. National Strategy (24 August 1977), http://www.jimmycarterlibrary.gov/documents/pddirectives/pres_directive.phtml (accessed 20 January 2013).

84. See, for example, Memorandum from Brzezinski to President Carter (11 March 1977), http://www.memo.ru/history/diss/carter/files/zb_daily_3-11-77.pdf (accessed 30 August 2012).

85. Presidential Review Memorandum 21, The Horn of Africa (17 March 1977), http://www.jimmycarterlibrary.gov/documents/prmemorandums/pres_memorandums.phtml (accessed 20 January 2013).

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91. Brzezinski, Power and Principle.

92. Vance, Hard Choices.

93. Presidential Directive 32, Horn of Africa (24 February 1978), http://www.jimmycarterlibrary.gov/documents/pddirectives/pres_directive.phtml (accessed 20 January 2013).

94. Ibid.

95. The President’s News Conference (2 March 1978), http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=30437 (accessed 15 September 2013).

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98. Ibid., 9.

99. Department of State, “Interview: National Security Adviser Brzezinski on ‘Meet the Press,’” Department of State Bulletin 78, no. 2016 (1978): 26–28 (26).

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105. NSC Weekly Report no. 81 (2 December 1978). Jimmy Carter Library, Zbigniew Brzezinski Collection, Weekly Reports, box 41, “Weekly Reports 71–81,” folder: 3.

106. NSC Weekly Report no. 83 (28 December 1978). Jimmy Carter Library, Zbigniew Brzezinski Collection, Weekly Reports, box 41, “Weekly Reports 82–90,” folder.

107. Memorandum from Brzezinski to President Carter, Consultative Security Framework for the Middle East (3 March 1979). Jimmy Carter Library, National Security Affairs: Staff Material/Horn, box 3, “4/79” folder: 2.

108. Comprehensive Net Assessment 1978: Overview, attachment to NSC Weekly Report no. 92 (30 March 1979). Jimmy Carter Library, Zbigniew Brzezinski Collection box 42, “Weekly Reports 91–101” folder.

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111. Turner, Burn Before Reading, 180–81.

112. Carter, Keeping Faith, 51, 53.

113. For a summary of the interagency debate, see NSC Weekly Report no. 105 (3 August 1979). Jimmy Carter Library, Zbigniew Brzezinski Collection, Weekly Reports, box 42; NSC Weekly Report no. 101 (22 June 1979). Jimmy Carter Library. Zbigniew Brzezinski Collection, Weekly Reports, box 42, “Weekly Reports 91–101” folder.

114. Memorandum from Brzezinski to President Carter, “Reflections on Soviet Intervention in Afghanistan” (26 December 1979): 1, http://www.gwu.edu/∼nsarchiv/carterbrezhnev/docs_intervention_in_afghanistan_and_the_fall_of_detente/doc73.pdf (accessed 11 February 2013).

115. Ibid., 1.

116. Brzezinski, Power and Principle, 426–27.

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119. Vance, Hard Choices, 387.

120. Special Coordinating Committee Meeting: Summary of Conclusions (17 December 1979).

121. Special Coordinating Committee Meeting: Summary of Conclusions (26 December 1979), http://www.gwu.edu/∼nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB396/docs/1979-12-26%20Summary%20of%20Conclusions%2020SCC%20Meeting%20on%20Soviet%20Moves.pdf (accessed 20 January 2013); Memorandum from Brzezinski to Vance, “Presidential Decisions on Pakistan, Afghanistan, and India” (2 January 1980), http://www2.gwu.edu/∼nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB396/docs/1980-01-02%20Presidential%20Decisions%20on%20Pakistan%20-%20Afghanistan.pdf (accessed 13 February 2013); Memorandum from Brzezinski to Mondale, Vance, and Brown, “Results of the NSC Meeting” (2 January 1980), http://www.gwu.edu/∼nsarchiv/carterbrezhnev/docs_intervention_in_afghanistan_and_the_fall_of_detente/doc76.pdf (accessed 11 February 2013).

122. Vance, Hard Choices, 391.

123. Memorandum from Brzezinski to Vance “Presidential Decisions on Pakistan, Afghanistan, and India” (02 January 1980), http://www2.gwu.edu/∼nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB396/docs/1980-01-02%20Presidential%20Decisions%20on%20Pakistan%20-%20Afghanistan.pdf (accessed 13 February 2013).

124. Jimmy Carter, “Address to the Nation by the President [January 4, 1980],” in American Foreign Policy Basic Documents, 1977–1981, Office of the Historian of the Department of State (Washington, D.C., 1983), 812–14 (813).

126. Jimmy Carter, “Address by the President Before a Joint Session of Congress [January 23, 1980],” in American Foreign Policy Basic Documents, 1977–1981, Office of the Historian of the Department of State (Washington, D.C., 1983), 53–57.

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