α-Conotoxin ImI Incorporating Stable Cystathionine Bridges Maintains Full Potency and Identical Three-Dimensional Structure
- Zoltan Dekan
- ,
- Irina Vetter
- ,
- Norelle L. Daly
- ,
- David J. Craik
- ,
- Richard J. Lewis
- , and
- Paul F. Alewood
Abstract
The two disulfide bonds of α-conotoxin ImI, a peptide antagonist of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), were systematically replaced with isosteric redox-stable cystathionine thioethers. Regioselective thioether formation was accomplished on solid support through substitution of a γ-chlorohomoalanine by an intramolecular cysteine thiol to produce hybrid thioether/disulfide analogues (2 and 3) as well as a dual cystathionine analogue (4) that were found to be structurally homologous to α-conotoxin ImI by 1H NMR. The antagonistic activity at the α7 nAChR of cystathionine analogue 3 (pIC50 = 6.41 ± 0.09) was identical to that of α-conotoxin ImI (1, pIC50 = 6.41 ± 0.09), whereas those of 2 (pIC50 = 5.96 ± 0.09) and 4 (pIC50 = 5.89 ± 0.09) showed a modest decrease. The effect of oxidation of the thioethers to sulfoxides was also investigated, with significant changes in the biological activities observed ranging from a >30-fold reduction (2S═O) to a 3-fold increase (3S═OB) in potencies.
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