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Conceptualizing State Counterterrorism

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The Palgrave Handbook of Global Counterterrorism Policy

Abstract

Previous research demonstrates that states facing similar terrorist threats often adopt different counter-terrorism (CT) strategies. Some authors have sought to explain this variation via comparative studies. Yet, both qualitative and quantitative comparisons have failed to provide a formal conceptualization of state CT. This necessarily puts the validity of such comparisons in doubt. To help improve the comparative study of CT, this chapter presents a formal conceptualization of state CT. To accomplish this, the chapter uses Weber’s concept of the state and Clausewitz’s concept of war. With these concepts in hand, it is possible to develop a general definition of CT acts by state actors. This will perforce lead to a definition of CT that includes state actions against state actors. Such an inclusion will lead to novel understandings of the extension of the concept. For example, this allows for a better comparison of proxy wars, humanitarian interventions, and state-sponsored terrorism. The chapter develops the conceptualization by suggesting possible ways to describe the various dimensions of state CT. The development of these dimensions is based on the work of Crelinsten, Ganor and Wilkinson. Here, the chapter will briefly discuss the ethics and politics of state CT and the ethics and politics of the study of state CT. A third section of the chapter discusses possible subtypes of CT. Following Sartori, the argument here is that cultural and social variation between cases to be compared increases the need for abstract conceptions of state CT. Thus, the chapter concludes that only in the most abstract sense can we talk about a universal definition of state CT.

They circulate within concepts that are seldom criticized and move within evidence which always seems self-evident.

– Jacques Derrida

It is false to say that reasoning must rest either on first principles or on ultimate facts. For we cannot go behind what we are unable to doubt, but it would be unphilosophical to suppose that any particular fact will never be brought into doubt.

– Charles Sanders Peirce

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Notes

  1. 1.

    When structural violence occurs, individuals become sick and malnourished, sometimes to the point of causing death.

  2. 2.

    Some call instrumental violence “coercion”; some also consider it a form of extortion.

  3. 3.

    Moreover, many scholars, no matter the degree to which they think communities are “imagined”, are dependent on their state for financing, access to information, and public recognition. This automatically leads to a degree of self-censorship and sophistry.

  4. 4.

    How contemporary states acquire and maintain legitimacy remains a fascinating research topic.

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Acknowledgments

I would like to thank Dr. Daniela Irrera, Prof. Nicholas Rengger, Dr. Javier Argomaniz, Dr. Kieran McConaghy, Mr. Dayyab Gillani, and Mrs. Giovanna Di Mauro for their comments on ideas covered in this chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Handa Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence (CSTPV), University of St Andrews, Scotland, United Kingdom

    Olivier Lewis

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  1. Olivier Lewis
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Correspondence to Olivier Lewis .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of International Studies, University of Trento, Trento, Trento, Italy

    Scott Nicholas Romaniuk

  2. Department of Political Science and International Studies, McDaniel College , Westminster, Maryland, USA

    Francis Grice

  3. Department of Political and Social Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Catania, Italy

    Daniela Irrera

  4. DefenceReport, Salt Spring Island, British Columbia, Canada

    Stewart Webb

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Lewis, O. (2017). Conceptualizing State Counterterrorism. In: Romaniuk, S., Grice, F., Irrera, D., Webb, S. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Global Counterterrorism Policy. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55769-8_1

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