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Abstract
This paper explores the privatization of state owned enterprises in Turkey as a function of an alliance of diverse social forces composed of market-oriented capital groups, mainstream media, national bureaucracies, and government officials. It highlights that these actors emerged in the post-1980 period because of dramatic transformations in Turkish society and the economy initiated by the process of neo-liberal globalization. The unification of diverse identities and interests around the strategy of further integrating with the global economy were crucial in the recent acceleration of the privatization process in Turkey. The paper also shows that market-oriented social forces sidelined resistant groups through a discourse that emphasized that privatization would bring material and other benefits to all and that the alternatives were worse. Such a communicative process played a crucial role in generating consent/hegemony for privatization in the 2000s.
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Notes
1 According to United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) calculations (2002), the minimum annual FDI attraction potential of Turkey is $35 billion. However, Turkey could only attract $1 billion foreign investment on average in the 1990s (TÜSİAD, Citation2004a, p. 1).
2 For instance, two influential TÜSİAD members, the CEO of the Eczacıbaşı Holding, Bülent Eczacıbaşı and the CEO of the Sabancı Holding, Güler Sabancı are current members of the ERT. Şarık Tara from Enka Holding, Bülent Eczacıbaşı from Eczacıbaşı Holding, Jack Kamhi from Profilo Holding, Mehmet Emin Karamehmet from Çukurova Holding were permanent members of Bilderberg Conference.
3 Efremov group proposed $1,302,000,000 while Anadolu Girişim Grubu proposed $1,216,000,056.