Patient Perceptions of Injection Pain and Anxiety: A Comparison of NovoFine 32-Gauge Tip 6mm and Micro Fine Plus 31-Gauge 5mm Needles
Publication: Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics
Volume 11, Issue Number 2
Abstract
Background: Injecting insulin may cause pain and anxiety and lead to suboptimal treatment of diabetes mellitus. The aim of this randomized, open-label, crossover study was to compare two types of needle design and diameter in patients with diabetes injecting insulin.
Methods: Patients with diabetes injecting insulin twice daily for at least 3 months were included. A NovoFine® (Novo Nordisk, Bagsvërd, Denmark) 32-gauge tip 6mm tapered needle and a Micro Fine Plus® (Nippon Becton Dickinson Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) 31-gauge 5mm standard needle were compared. Patients were randomized to use one needle for 1 week, followed by the alternative needle for another week. Before and after each week patients completed a 14-item questionnaire assessing overall satisfaction and usability of the needles. Each item was scored on a visual analog scale from −100 (worst) to +100 (best).
Results: Thirty patients (24 men, six women) took part in this study: 24 with type 2 diabetes and six with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults. The mean ± SD for age was 57.8 ± 7.6 years, for body mass index was 23.0 ± 3.1 kg/m2, for duration of diabetes was 15.6 ± 9.8 years, and for mean glycated hemoglobin was 7.1 ± 1.1%. Patients were more satisfied with the use of NovoFine 32-gauge tip 6mm needles (P < 0.0001), found the needles less frightening (P < 0.05) and less painful (P < 0.01), and caused less frequent bleeding and bruising (P < 0.001) than Micro Fine Plus 31-gauge 5mm needles.
Conclusions: These results suggest that the diameter and design of the needle play an important role in reducing injection pain and needle anxiety, which is particularly important for insulin initiation.
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Published In
Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics
Volume 11 • Issue Number 2 • February 2009
Pages: 81 - 86
PubMed: 19848573
Copyright
© 2009 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
History
Published in print: February 2009
Published online: 16 January 2009
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