Genetic Structure of the Purebred Domestic Dog
Abstract
We used molecular markers to study genetic relationships in a diverse collection of 85 domestic dog breeds. Differences among breeds accounted for ∼30% of genetic variation. Microsatellite genotypes were used to correctly assign 99% of individual dogs to breeds. Phylogenetic analysis separated several breeds with ancient origins from the remaining breeds with modern European origins. We identified four genetic clusters, which predominantly contained breeds with similar geographic origin, morphology, or role in human activities. These results provide a genetic classification of dog breeds and will aid studies of the genetics of phenotypic breed differences.
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Supported by the Burroughs Wellcome Innovation Award (E.A.O. and L.K.), grants from the AKC–Canine Health Foundation (G.S.J.), NIH training grant T32 HG00035 (H.G.P.), and a postdoctoral fellowship from the Waltham Foundation (N.B.S.). E.A.O. also acknowledges support from K05 CA90754. L.K. is a James S. McDonnell Centennial Fellow. We thank the many dog owners, researchers, and breeders who provided DNA samples for this work, especially G. Brewer, C. Gaiser, and K. Murphy; D. Lynch, A. Ziska, C. Ramirez, M. Langlois, and D. Akey for assistance with sample collection; M. Stephens for advice and assistance with the program structure; K. Markianos and J. Akey for helpful discussions; M. Eberle for computing assistance; H. Coller, E. Giniger, R. Wayne, and three anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript; and the AKC and C. Jierski for use of the canine artwork included in Fig. 3.
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Published In
Science
Volume 304 | Issue 5674
21 May 2004
21 May 2004
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American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Submission history
Received: 2 March 2004
Accepted: 21 April 2004
Published in print: 21 May 2004
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Supporting Online Material
www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/304/5674/1160/DC1
Materials and Methods
Figs. S1 and S2
Tables S1 to S5
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