H5N1 Virus Attachment to Lower Respiratory Tract
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) may cause severe lower respiratory tract (LRT) disease in humans. However, the LRT cells to which the virus attaches are unknown for both humans and other mammals. We show here that H5N1 virus attached predominantly to type II pneumocytes, alveolar macrophages, and nonciliated bronchiolar cells in the human LRT, and this pattern was most closely mirrored in cat and ferret tissues. These findings may explain, at least in part, the localization and severity of H5N1 viral pneumonia in humans. They also identify the cat and the ferret as suitable experimental animals based on this criterion.
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We thank W. Lim for providing the H5N1 virus isolate; M. den Bakker, H. Sharma, M. Vermeij, and J. van den Brand for providing tissues; and F. van der Panne for technical assistance.
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Published In
Science
Volume 312 | Issue 5772
21 April 2006
21 April 2006
Copyright
American Association for the Advancement of Science.
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Submission history
Received: 30 January 2006
Accepted: 21 March 2006
Published in print: 21 April 2006
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www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/1125548/DC1
Materials and Methods
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- Debby van Riel et al.
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Human Susceptiblity to H5N1 Avian Influenza and Virus Binding to the Lower Respiratory Tract
This and another interesting paper have recently demonstrated that H5N1 avian influenza virus binds predominantly to the lower respiratory tract in humans (1), and thus may help explain the localization and severity of the disease as well as the low human-to-human transmission.
However, this preferential binding phenomenon may also explain, at least in part, why most, if not all, human cases have occurred in people with close and prolonged contact with infected chicken, exposed repeatedly and for a long time to heavy loads of virus-containing droplets from infected animals, including very small droplets that can penetrate directly into lung alveoli.
Reference
1.) K. Shinja et al. Nature 440, 435 (2006).