Thwarted Belonging and Perceived Burdensomeness During Middle and Older Adulthood: The Role of Generativity
Abstract
Using a sample of middle-aged and older adults, this research explores associations between generativity and two key risk factors for suicide: thwarted belonging (T.B.) and perceived burdensomeness (P.B.). These variables are typically studied as predictors of suicide; the current study is unique in examining their psychosocial correlates. Erikson described, generativity as a psychosocial construct that characterizes adult well-being in mid-life, conceptualized as the sense one has successfully guided and contributed to the younger generation through mentoring. Using the Midlife in the United States Survey (MIDUS), the current analyses indicate that generativity is associated with lower levels of P.B. and T.B., even after accounting for measures of hopelessness, depressive symptoms, financial stability, perceived neighborhood quality, chronic health conditions, and respondent's demographic characteristics including gender and age. Results are discussed in terms of applications for suicide-risk prevention, and with regard to the promotion of positive psychosocial development across the lifespan.
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Biographies
Constance T. Gager is a Sociologist and Associate Professor in the Department of Family Science and Human Development at Montclair State University. Her most recent research examines the protective effects of generative activities such as volunteer and caring work on suicide ideation and depression among youth as well as aging and disabled populations in the U.S. Previous research focused on the intergenerational transmission of relationship conflict and divorce and perceptions of fairness in the division of labor among married couples.
John F. Gunn is a Assistant Professor of Psychology at Gwynedd Mercy University. His research interests focus on understanding suicidal thoughts and behaviors across developmental periods, exploring theoretical frameworks for suicide, and understanding suicide among at risk populations (e.g. LGBTQ + persons).
Sara E. Goldstein is a Professor of Human Development and Family Sciences at the University of Delaware. Her research focuses on social development and social cognitive development across the lifespan, with a focus on parent-youth relationships, peer relationships during adolescence and emerging adulthood, and the development and maintenance of aggressive behavior, harassment, and bullying through the lifespan.
Stephanie Martinez is a mental health counselor in private practice. She completed her Main Counselling at Montclair State University.
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Article first published online: January 30, 2024
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