S. Davini(), G. Bellini(), J. Benziger(), D. Bick(), G. Bonfini(), D. Bravo(), B. Caccianiga(), F. Calaprice(), A. Caminata(), P. Cavalcante(), A. Chepurnov(), D. D’Angelo(), A. Derbin(), A. Etenko(), K. Fomenko()(), D. Franco(), C.... more
S. Davini(), G. Bellini(), J. Benziger(), D. Bick(), G. Bonfini(), D. Bravo(), B. Caccianiga(), F. Calaprice(), A. Caminata(), P. Cavalcante(), A. Chepurnov(), D. D’Angelo(), A. Derbin(), A. Etenko(), K. Fomenko()(), D. Franco(), C. Galbiati(), C. Ghiano(), A. Goretti(), M. Gromov(), Aldo Ianni(), Andrea Ianni(), V. Kobychev(), D. Korablev(), G. Korga(), D. Kryn(), M. Laubenstein(), T. Lewke(), E. Litvinovich()(), F. Lombardi(), P. Lombardi(), L. Ludhova(), G. Lukyanchenko(), I. Machulin()(), S. Manecki(), W. Maneschg(), S. Marcocci() E. Meroni(), M. Misiaszek(), P. Mosteiro(), V. Muratova(), L. Oberauer(), M. Obolensky(), F. Ortica(), K. Otis(), M. Pallavicini(), L. Papp()(), A. Pocar(), G. Ranucci(), A. Razeto(), A. Re(), A. Romani(), N. Rossi(), C. Salvo(), S. Schönert(), H. Simgen(), M. Skorokhvatov()(), O. Smirnov(), A. Sotnikov(), S. Sukhotin(), Y. Suvorov()(), R. Tartaglia(), G. Testera(), D. Vignaud(), R. B. Vogelaar(), J. Winter(), M. Wojcik(), M. Wurm(), O. Zaimidoroga(), ...
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ABSTRACT
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The Borexino experiment has begun data taking in May 2007 after a long R&D work and preparation. The liquid scintillator purity exceeds even optimistic expectations, and the first detection of 7Be solar neutrinos has been possible... more
The Borexino experiment has begun data taking in May 2007 after a long R&D work and preparation. The liquid scintillator purity exceeds even optimistic expectations, and the first detection of 7Be solar neutrinos has been possible after less than two months of data taking. This note shows briefly which are the main issues that were addressed in order to obtain such an extreme radiopurity, the detector performance and a few details concerning this first result.
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The measurement of the total flux of solar neutrinos in the GALLEX, GNO [1], and SAGE [2] experiments was a milestone in understanding the basics of the pp-fusion cycle in the center of the sun. Furthermore it was the first evidence for... more
The measurement of the total flux of solar neutrinos in the GALLEX, GNO [1], and SAGE [2] experiments was a milestone in understanding the basics of the pp-fusion cycle in the center of the sun. Furthermore it was the first evidence for physics beyond the standard model as astrophysical explanations for the observed deficit on the solar νe flux were ruled out. Now, after SNO [3] and the reactor experiment KamLAND [4] it is known, that neutrinos oscillate. For the first time neutrino flavor transition has been measured by SNO with an accuracy of about 7 sigma. The survival probability of the high energy solar 8B-neutrinos has been determined to be (34 ± 4)%. In GALLEX and GNO the survival probability for all solar neutrinos was measured to be (55 ± 5)%. This difference is a clear hint for matter effects inside the sun as it was predicted by the MSW-mechanism [5]. Low energy solar neutrinos are driven by vacuum oscillations, whereas neutrinos with Eν>MeV are dominated by matter enh...
c ○ Sonderforschungsbereich 375 and individual contributors
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The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector in a laboratory at 700-m underground. An excellent energy resolution and a large fiducial volume offer exciting opportunities for addressing... more
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector in a laboratory at 700-m underground. An excellent energy resolution and a large fiducial volume offer exciting opportunities for addressing many important topics in neutrino and astroparticle physics. With six years of data, the neutrino mass ordering can be determined at a 3-4σ significance and the neutrino oscillation parameters sin2 θ12, ∆m21, and |∆m32| can be measured to a precision of 0.6% or better, by detecting reactor antineutrinos from the Taishan and Yangjiang nuclear power plants. With ten years of data, neutrinos from all past core-collapse supernovae could be observed at a 3σ significance; a lower limit of the proton lifetime, 8.34× 1033 years (90% C.L.), can be set by searching for p → ν̄K+; detection of solar neutrinos would shed new light on the solar metallicity problem and examine the vacuum-matter transition region. A typical core-collapse supernova at a distance of 10...
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Astroparticle physics marks the intersection of astrophysics, particle physics and cosmology. It addresses fundamental questions like the nature of dark matter and dark energy, the physics of the Big Bang, the stability of protons, the... more
Astroparticle physics marks the intersection of astrophysics, particle physics and cosmology. It addresses fundamental questions like the nature of dark matter and dark energy, the physics of the Big Bang, the stability of protons, the properties of neutrinos and their role in cosmic evolution, the interior of the Sun or supernovae as seen with neutrinos, the origin of cosmic rays, the nature of the Universe at extreme energies and violent cosmic processes as seen with gravitational waves. Among the spectacular successes of astroparticle physics in the last 25 years have been the opening of two new windows to the universe: the neutrino window (the Sun and a supernova) and the window of high-energy gamma rays. The study of cosmic neutrinos also revealed that neutrinos have a mass, with fundamental consequences for the role of these particles in cosmic evolution. Astronomers and physicists have discovered that the expansion of the Universe accelerates (2011 Nobel prize for physics!). ...
JUNO is a massive liquid scintillator detector with a primary scientific goal of determining the neutrino mass ordering by studying the oscillated anti-neutrino flux coming from two nuclear power plants at 53 km distance. The expected... more
JUNO is a massive liquid scintillator detector with a primary scientific goal of determining the neutrino mass ordering by studying the oscillated anti-neutrino flux coming from two nuclear power plants at 53 km distance. The expected signal anti-neutrino interaction rate is only 60 counts per day (cpd), therefore a careful control of the background sources due to radioactivity is critical. In particular, natural radioactivity present in all materials and in the environment represents a serious issue that could impair the sensitivity of the experiment if appropriate countermeasures were not foreseen. In this paper we discuss the background reduction strategies undertaken by the JUNO collaboration to reduce at minimum the impact of natural radioactivity. We describe our efforts for an optimized experimental design, a careful material screening and accurate detector production handling, and a constant control of the expected results through a meticulous Monte Carlo simulation program....
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The OSIRIS detector is a subsystem of the liquid scintillator filling chain of the JUNO reactor neutrino experiment. Its purpose is to validate the radiopurity of the scintillator to assure that all components of the JUNO scintillator... more
The OSIRIS detector is a subsystem of the liquid scintillator filling chain of the JUNO reactor neutrino experiment. Its purpose is to validate the radiopurity of the scintillator to assure that all components of the JUNO scintillator system work to specifications and only neutrino-grade scintillator is filled into the JUNO Central Detector. The aspired sensitivity level of $$10^{-16}\hbox { g/g}$$ 10 - 16 g/g of $$^{238}\hbox {U}$$ 238 U and $$^{232}\hbox {Th}$$ 232 Th requires a large ($$\sim 20\,\hbox {m}^3$$ ∼ 20 m 3 ) detection volume and ultralow background levels. The present paper reports on the design and major components of the OSIRIS detector, the detector simulation as well as the measuring strategies foreseen and the sensitivity levels to U/Th that can be reached in this setup.
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In diesem Kapitel wollen wir die wichtigsten Eigenschaften der Neutrinos zusammenfassen, wie sie im Standardmodell der Teilchenphysik beschrieben werden. Wir werden dabei im Wesentlichen auf mathematische Herleitungen verzichten und... more
In diesem Kapitel wollen wir die wichtigsten Eigenschaften der Neutrinos zusammenfassen, wie sie im Standardmodell der Teilchenphysik beschrieben werden. Wir werden dabei im Wesentlichen auf mathematische Herleitungen verzichten und verweisen auf gangige Lehrbucher der Teilchenphysik.
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Properties of calorimetric detectors at low temperatures are discussed. Metastable superconductors, superconductors at the critical temperature used as thermometers and superconducting tunnel junctions are considered as sensors for energy... more
Properties of calorimetric detectors at low temperatures are discussed. Metastable superconductors, superconductors at the critical temperature used as thermometers and superconducting tunnel junctions are considered as sensors for energy absorption. The different mechanisms of detection are compared and eventually achievable sensitivities estimated.
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The large-volume liquid-scintillator detector LENA (Low Energy Neutrino Astronomy) will cover a broad field of physics. Apart from the detection of terrestrial and artificial neutrinos, and the search for proton decay, important... more
The large-volume liquid-scintillator detector LENA (Low Energy Neutrino Astronomy) will cover a broad field of physics. Apart from the detection of terrestrial and artificial neutrinos, and the search for proton decay, important contributions can be made to the astrophysics of stars by high-precision spectroscopy of low-energetic solar neutrinos and by the observation of neutrinos emitted by a galactic supernova. Moreover,
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In the 1980s, measurements of the cumulative $\beta$ spectra of the fission products following the thermal neutron induced fission of $^{235}$U, $^{239}$Pu, and $^{241}$Pu were performed at the magnetic spectrometer BILL at the ILL in... more
In the 1980s, measurements of the cumulative $\beta$ spectra of the fission products following the thermal neutron induced fission of $^{235}$U, $^{239}$Pu, and $^{241}$Pu were performed at the magnetic spectrometer BILL at the ILL in Grenoble. This data was published in bins of 250 keV. In this paper, we re-publish the original data in a binning of 50 keV for $^{235}$U and 100 keV for $^{239}$Pu and $^{241}$Pu.
The large-volume liquid-scintillator detector LENA (Low Energy Neutrino Astronomy) has been proposed as a next-generation experiment for low-energy neutrinos. High-precision spectroscopy of solar, Supernova and geo-neutrinos provides a... more
The large-volume liquid-scintillator detector LENA (Low Energy Neutrino Astronomy) has been proposed as a next-generation experiment for low-energy neutrinos. High-precision spectroscopy of solar, Supernova and geo-neutrinos provides a new access to the otherwise unobservable interiors of Earth, Sun and heavy stars. Due to the potent background discrimination, the detection of the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background is expected for the first time in LENA. The sensitivity of the proton lifetime for the decay into Kaon and antineutrino will be increased by an order of magnitude over existing experimental limits. Recent studies indicate that liquid-scintillator detectors are capable to reconstruct neutrino events even at GeV energies, providing the opportunity to use LENA as far detector in a long-baseline neutrino beam experiment. Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, presented at Cracow Epiphany Conference, 5-8 January 2010
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Abstract We searched for the ν j → ν i + e + + e − decay mode of heavy neutrinos in an experiment performed nearby a nuclear power reactor in Bugey (France) using a detector consisting of multiwire proportional chambers. New limits on the... more
Abstract We searched for the ν j → ν i + e + + e − decay mode of heavy neutrinos in an experiment performed nearby a nuclear power reactor in Bugey (France) using a detector consisting of multiwire proportional chambers. New limits on the neutrino mixing parameter ∥ U e 3 ∥ 2 in the mass range 1 MeV m ν h
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The proposed large-volume detector LENA (Low Energy Neutrino Astronomy) is a multi-purpose liquid-scintillator experiment. Its sensitive mass of 50 kt allows for high-statistic measurements of astrophysical and terrestrial low-energy... more
The proposed large-volume detector LENA (Low Energy Neutrino Astronomy) is a multi-purpose liquid-scintillator experiment. Its sensitive mass of 50 kt allows for high-statistic measurements of astrophysical and terrestrial low-energy neutrino sources. Moreover, new limits might be put on the lifetime of the proton decay channel into K+ν̄.
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We report the measurement of the 8B solar neutrinos interaction rate with the Borexino detector. The extremly high radio-purity reached in the Borexino scintillator, combined with the efficient software rejection of cosmogenic background,... more
We report the measurement of the 8B solar neutrinos interaction rate with the Borexino detector. The extremly high radio-purity reached in the Borexino scintillator, combined with the efficient software rejection of cosmogenic background, allows to investigate the recoiled electron spectrum, induced by 8B solar neutrinos, down to the unprecedented energy threshold of 2.8 MeV. The rate of 8B solar neutrino interaction as measured through their scattering on the target electrons is 0.26 ± 0.04 stat ± 0.02 syst c/d/100 tons. This corresponds to an equivalent electron neutrino flux of ( 2.65 ± 0.44 stat ± 0.18 syst ) × 10 6 cm − 2 s − 1 , as derived from the elastic scattering only, in good agreement with existing measurements and predictions.
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The 14C/12C ratio in 4.8 m3 of high-purity liquid scintillator was measured at (1.94±0.09)×10−18, the lowest 14C abundance ever measured. At this level the spectroscopy of low-energy solar neutrinos, in particular a measurement of the 7Be... more
The 14C/12C ratio in 4.8 m3 of high-purity liquid scintillator was measured at (1.94±0.09)×10−18, the lowest 14C abundance ever measured. At this level the spectroscopy of low-energy solar neutrinos, in particular a measurement of the 7Be neutrino flux, will not be obstructed by the 14C β decay intrinsic to a liquid scintillator detector. A comprehensive study of the deviation of
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... Isotopes in Scintillation Detectors T. Hagner, R. von Hentig, B. Heisinger, L. Oberauer, S. Sch[onert, F. von Feilitzsch, E. Nolte Technische Universit[at M[unchen, Physik Department E15,James Franck Strasse, DT85747 Garching eTmail:... more
... Isotopes in Scintillation Detectors T. Hagner, R. von Hentig, B. Heisinger, L. Oberauer, S. Sch[onert, F. von Feilitzsch, E. Nolte Technische Universit[at M[unchen, Physik Department E15,James Franck Strasse, DT85747 Garching eTmail: Tan`a.Hagner@physik.tuTmuenchen.de ...
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Page 1. First results on 7Be solar neutrinos from the Borexino real time detector This article has been downloaded from IOPscience. Please scroll down to see the full text article. 2008 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 120 052006... more
Page 1. First results on 7Be solar neutrinos from the Borexino real time detector This article has been downloaded from IOPscience. Please scroll down to see the full text article. 2008 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 120 052006 (http://iopscience.iop.org/1742-6596/120/5/052006) ...
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EURECA (European Underground Rare Event Calorimeter Array) is an astro-particle physics facility aiming to directly detect galactic dark matter. The Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane has been selected as host laboratory. The EURECA... more
EURECA (European Underground Rare Event Calorimeter Array) is an astro-particle physics facility aiming to directly detect galactic dark matter. The Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane has been selected as host laboratory. The EURECA collaboration unites CRESST, EDELWEISS and the Spanish-French experiment ROSEBUD, thus concentrating and focussing effort on cryogenic detector research in Europe into a single facility. EURECA will use a
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A large volume (4.8 m 3 ) liquid scintillator detector has been running in Hall C of the Gran Sasso Underground Laboratory since February 1995. This detector is called the “Counting Test Facility” (CTF). The main goal of the ...
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Liquid scintillator detectors play a central role in the detection of neutrinos from various sources. In particular, it is the only technique used so far for the precision spectroscopy of sub-MeV solar neutrinos, as demonstrated by the... more
Liquid scintillator detectors play a central role in the detection of neutrinos from various sources. In particular, it is the only technique used so far for the precision spectroscopy of sub-MeV solar neutrinos, as demonstrated by the Borexino experiment at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory in Italy. The benefit of a high light yield, and thus a low energy threshold and a good energy resolution, comes at the cost of the directional information featured by water Cherenkov detectors, measuring 8B solar neutrinos above a few MeV. In this paper we provide the first directionality measurement of sub-MeV solar neutrinos which exploits the correlation between the first few detected photons in each event and the known position of the Sun for each event. This is also the first signature of directionality in neutrinos elastically scattering off electrons in a liquid scintillator target. This measurement exploits the sub-dominant, fast Cherenkov light emission that precedes the dominant yet ...
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on behalf of the Borexino/SOX Collaboration: M. Agostini, K. Altenmuller, S. Appel, G. Bellini, J. Benziger, N. Berton, D. Bick, G. Bonfini, D. Bravo, B. Caccianiga, L. Cadonati, F. Calaprice, A. Caminata, P. Cavalcante, A. Chavarria, A.... more
on behalf of the Borexino/SOX Collaboration: M. Agostini, K. Altenmuller, S. Appel, G. Bellini, J. Benziger, N. Berton, D. Bick, G. Bonfini, D. Bravo, B. Caccianiga, L. Cadonati, F. Calaprice, A. Caminata, P. Cavalcante, A. Chavarria, A. Chepurnov, M. Cribier, D. D’Angelo, S. Davini, A. Derbin, L. di Noto, M. Durero, A. Empl, A. Etenko, S. Farinon, V. Fischer, K. Fomenko, D. Franco, F. Gabriele, J. Gaffiot, C. Galbiati, S. Gazzana, C. Ghiano, M. Giammarchi, M. Goger-Neff, A. Goretti, L. Grandi, M. Gromov, C. Hagner, Th. Houdy, E. Hungerford, Aldo Ianni, Andrea Ianni, N. Jonqueres, M. Kaiser, V. Kobychev, D. Korablev, G. Korga, D. Kryn, T. Lachenmaier, T. Lasserre, M. Laubenstein, B. Lehnert, T. Lewke, J. Link, E. Litvinovich, F. Lombardi, P. Lombardi, L. Ludhova, G. Lukyanchenko, I. Machulin, S. Manecki, W. Maneschg, S. Marcocci, J. Maricic, Q. Meindl, G. Mention, E. Meroni, M. Meyer, L. Miramonti, M. Misiaszek, M. Montuschi, P. Mosteiro, V. Muratova, R. Musenich, B. Neumair, L. Obe...
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Borexino is continuing to take data and presenting the new results. The most recent Borexino results are discussed and plans for the nearest future are presented.
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The SOX experiment investigates the existence of light sterile neutrinos. A solid signal would mean the discovery of the first particles beyond the Standard Electroweak Model and would have profound implications in our understanding of... more
The SOX experiment investigates the existence of light sterile neutrinos. A solid signal would mean the discovery of the first particles beyond the Standard Electroweak Model and would have profound implications in our understanding of the Universe and of fundamental particle physics. In case of a negative result, it is able to close a long standing debate about the reality of the neutrino anomalies. The SOX experiment will use a $^{144}Ce-^{144}Pr$ antineutrino generator placed 8.5~m below the Borexino liquid scintillator detector. In view of the SOX experiment, a precise knowledge of the energy response and the spatial reconstruction of the antineutrino events is very important. Consequently, a calibration campaign of the Borexino detector is foreseen before the beginning of the SOX data taking. This paper briefly reviews the techniques used for calibrate the Borexino detector.
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EURECA (European Underground Rare Event Calorimeter Array) will be an astro-particle physics facility aiming to directly detect galactic dark matter. TheLaboratoire Souterrain de Modane has been selected as host laboratory. TheEURECA... more
EURECA (European Underground Rare Event Calorimeter Array) will be an astro-particle physics facility aiming to directly detect galactic dark matter. TheLaboratoire Souterrain de Modane has been selected as host laboratory. TheEURECA collaboration concentrates effort on cryogenic detector research inEurope into a single facility by bringing together colleagues from CRESST,EDELWEISS, ROSEBUD and additional new member institutes. EURECA will use atarget mass of up to one ton for exploring WIMP-nucleon scalar scattering crosssections in the region of 10 −9 – 10 −10 picobarn. A major advantage of EURECAis the planned use of more than just one target material (multi targetexperiment for WIMP identification).
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Atmospheric neutrinos are one of the most relevant natural neutrino sources that can be exploited to infer properties about Cosmic Rays and neutrino oscillations. The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) experiment, a 20 kton... more
Atmospheric neutrinos are one of the most relevant natural neutrino sources that can be exploited to infer properties about Cosmic Rays and neutrino oscillations. The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) experiment, a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector with excellent energy resolution is currently under construction in China. JUNO will be able to detect several atmospheric neutrinos per day given the large volume. A study on the JUNO detection and reconstruction capabilities of atmospheric νe and νμ fluxes is presented in this paper. In this study, a sample of atmospheric neutrinos Monte Carlo events has been generated, starting from theoretical models, and then processed by the detector simulation. The excellent timing resolution of the 3” PMT light detection system of JUNO detector and the much higher light yield for scintillation over Cherenkov allow to measure the time structure of the scintillation light with very high precision. Since νe and νμ interactions produ...
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) features a 20 kt multi-purpose underground liquid scintillator sphere as its main detector. Some of JUNO's features make it an excellent location for B solar neutrino measurements,... more
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) features a 20 kt multi-purpose underground liquid scintillator sphere as its main detector. Some of JUNO's features make it an excellent location for B solar neutrino measurements, such as its low-energy threshold, high energy resolution compared with water Cherenkov detectors, and much larger target mass compared with previous liquid scintillator detectors. In this paper, we present a comprehensive assessment of JUNO's potential for detecting B solar neutrinos via the neutrino-electron elastic scattering process. A reduced 2 MeV threshold for the recoil electron energy is found to be achievable, assuming that the intrinsic radioactive background U and Th in the liquid scintillator can be controlled to 10 g/g. With ten years of data acquisition, approximately 60,000 signal and 30,000 background events are expected. This large sample will enable an examination of the distortion of the recoil electron spectrum that is domina...