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Geography, Cartography, Climate Change, Climate Change Adaptation, Adaptation, and 14 morePrediction, Risk Management, Sea Level, Multidisciplinary, Strategy, Planning, Sea level rise, Extreme Value Theory, New York City, Climatic Change, Critical Infrastructure, Coastal Zone, Climate Warming, and Storms
The availability of satellite image archives ─ especially those on platforms with fine temporal resolution ─ has facilitated change detection within aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. With increased anthropogenic activities, tremendous... more
The availability of satellite image archives ─ especially those on platforms with fine temporal resolution ─ has facilitated change detection within aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. With increased anthropogenic activities, tremendous pressures have been placed on these ecosystems. Within this study, we used a series of remote sensing and land classification data in deriving various simulated and transformed data in assessing and evaluating the different eco-regions within the study area. As such, a series of descriptive analysis was performed on the transformed and simulated data in an attempt to understand, but more importantly, to evaluate and show the causality between the soil moisture regime, and the vegetative distribution within endemic ecosystems such as the Long Island Central Pine Barrens (LICPB) study region are attainable. The results obtained showed where the changing soil moisture regime within this particular ecosystem affects the region overall health. Soil moistu...
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Abstract: Satellite remote sensing observations have the potential for efficient and reliable mapping of spatial soil moisture distributions. However, soil moisture retrievals from active microwave remote sensing data are typically... more
Abstract: Satellite remote sensing observations have the potential for efficient and reliable mapping of spatial soil moisture distributions. However, soil moisture retrievals from active microwave remote sensing data are typically complex due to inherent difficulty in characterizing interactions among land surface parameters that contribute to the retrieval process. Therefore, adequate physical mathematical descriptions of microwave backscatter interaction with parameters such as land cover, vegetation density, and soil characteristics are not readily available. In such condition, non-parametric models could be used as possible alternative for better understanding the impact of variables in the retrieval process and relating it in the absence of exact formulation. In this study, non-parametric methods such as neural networks, fuzzy logic are used to retrieve soil moisture from active microwave remote sensing data. The inclusion of soil characteristics and Normalized Difference Vege...
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Environmental Science, Computer Science, Remote Sensing, Fuzzy Logic, Neural Networks, and 15 moreSatellite remote sensing, Neural Network, Land Cover, Soil moisture, Microwave Remote Sensing, Land Use, Root-Mean Square Error, Multiple Regression, Vegetation, Infrared, Soil Characteristics, Soil Water, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Multiple regression Model, and Bare Soil
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For one year, underrepresented minority students majoring in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) were engaged in a rigorous geoscience program that trained and equipped them with basic geoscience knowledge and... more
For one year, underrepresented minority students majoring in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) were engaged in a rigorous geoscience program that trained and equipped them with basic geoscience knowledge and geoscience workforce skills that adequately prepared them for entry level geoscience career building positions. Preliminary results from this young program with its small sample size (with a sample size of 10, caution should be exercised in generalizing these results) are extremely encouraging; They show that the program's geoscience remote sensing research internship produced significant student gains in a variety of remote sensing skills that range from interpreting, manipulating, and analyzing remote sensing data to conducting and presenting remote sensing research. Some of these students have also now joined the geoscience workforce as interns.
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Monitoring freeze-thaw (FT) transitions in high latitude regions are critical to enhancing our knowledge about the prediction of biogeochemical transitions, carbon dynamics, climate change, and impacts on boreal-arctic ecosystems. Since... more
Monitoring freeze-thaw (FT) transitions in high latitude regions are critical to enhancing our knowledge about the prediction of biogeochemical transitions, carbon dynamics, climate change, and impacts on boreal-arctic ecosystems. Since land surface emissivity depends primarily on the surface characteristics, it would contains valuable information about the surface, especially regarding freeze and thaw states. The surface characteristics in terms of microwave emission changes whenever water undergoes phase changes at constant temperature. This study aims to investigate the potential of using emissivity estimates from various microwave sensors such as the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer — Earth Observing System (AMSR-E), Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I), AMSR2, and the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Microwave Imager (GMI). It employs data fusion techinques to construct diurnal estimates in order to accurately predicting the exact time of the freeze-thaw transition for each land cover type and region. The results reveal that emissivity difference values from low and high frequencies (such as 6.9GHz and 89GHz) at horizontal polarization have a strong correlation with ground-based soil temperature values at 5cm depth. A novel threshold-based approach specific to different land cover types is proposed for daily FT detection from the use of three years (August 2012–July 2015) of emissivity estimates at different frequencies. Ground-based soil temperature observations are used as reference to develop threshold values for FT states. Preliminary evaluation of the proposed approach with independent ground observations for the year 2015 shows that the use of land emissivity estimates for high-latitude FT detection is promising with fine temporal resolution (at least 4 times a day).
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Undergraduate research has been a successful best practice for retaining students in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM). The experience of working closely with and of being scientifically trained by a faculty mentor... more
Undergraduate research has been a successful best practice for retaining students in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM). The experience of working closely with and of being scientifically trained by a faculty mentor has shown to benefit STEM students academically, particularly so for first-generation STEM students. These STEM college students are the first in their families to pursue postsecondary degrees, and they are currently an untapped group that has the potential to diversify and to increase the engineering and scientific workforce. This study examines the impact of a nine-week summer geoscience research program for undergraduates in engineering-related majors. Self-reported pre-and post-surveys from 2014-2018 were analyzed. The surveys focused on the following areas: 1) Experience, Knowledge, and Ability; 2) Exposure to Research, and 3) Future Goals. There were 49 undergraduates who participated in the study. Descriptive statistics, paired-sample t-tests...
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In this study, the world first major 305 lakes have been investigated. An analysis of surface temperature variation over the global lakes have been conducted using observations from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer... more
In this study, the world first major 305 lakes have been investigated. An analysis of surface temperature variation over the global lakes have been conducted using observations from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). MODIS Land Surface Temperature (LST) provides surface temperature data twice a day since 2002. The data products were first processed to obtain the average daily temperature over the lakes and their surrounding land areas from July 2002 to May 2018. A statistical approach was applied to calculate the temperature trends of the lake water, the surrounding land. Moreover, the relationship between the LST trends and potential driving factors such as the land cover changes in the lakes’ basins, lakes areas, depth, and latitude were investigated. The primary results show that lakes water temperature are warming faster than the surrounding land temperature. Furthermore, 67.54% of lakes are shrinking while 24.92% are growing.
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INTRODUCTIONThe retention and persistence rates of females majoring in mathematics consistently lag behind those of their male counterparts. Indeed, the disparity in rates of females graduating in mathematics at the baccalaureate level... more
INTRODUCTIONThe retention and persistence rates of females majoring in mathematics consistently lag behind those of their male counterparts. Indeed, the disparity in rates of females graduating in mathematics at the baccalaureate level continues to be a national challenge [1]. The Navigation by Mentoring and Leadership (NML) program at New York City College of Technology (a large, urban, minority-serving institution) was designed to address these issues. The goal of eradicating gender disparities in mathematics was supported by improving the institutional climate for women majoring in Applied Mathematics and Mathematics Education. Toward this goal, the NML program brought students together in a vibrant learning community that offered an array of activities that were designed to support them through their undergraduate years. These activities included: 1) a multi-tiered mentoring program, 2) leadership development, 3) luncheons with women mathematics faculty, 4) career preparation wo...
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Active microwave remote sensing observations hold the potential for efficient and reliable mapping of spatial soil moisture distributions. However, soil moisture retrievals from microwave remote sensing techniques are typically complex... more
Active microwave remote sensing observations hold the potential for efficient and reliable mapping of spatial soil moisture distributions. However, soil moisture retrievals from microwave remote sensing techniques are typically complex because of the inherent difficulty in characterizing the interactions among land surface parameters that contribute to the retrieval process. Therefore adequate physical mathematical descriptions of the interaction of microwave radiation with parameters such as land cover, vegetation density, and soil characteristics are not readily available. On the other hand it may possible to use non-parametric classifiers like neural networks, fuzzy logic and multiple regression models to retrieve soil moisture distributions. In this study we make use such classifiers after using soil moisture data derived using ESTAR for training the non-parametric models due to limited availability of in-situ soil moisture measurements. The fuzzy logic and neural network models...
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The United States is continuing on the trajectory to be a racially and ethnically diverse society where non-Hispanic Whites are projected to become the largest group for the next four decades. Whilst the majority becomes the minority and... more
The United States is continuing on the trajectory to be a racially and ethnically diverse society where non-Hispanic Whites are projected to become the largest group for the next four decades. Whilst the majority becomes the minority and vice versa, the same trend is not reflected in the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) degree attainment or the STEM workforce. A recent report by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine describes how minority-serving institutions are not widely targeted and highly utilized in the production of future STEM workers. The NSF reported that 22% of all science and engineering bachelor's degrees were awarded to underrepresented minorities. The distribution of bachelor's degrees consisted of Hispanics or Latinos receiving 13.5% of science and 10% of engineering degrees; Black or African Americans, 9% and 4%; and American Indians or Alaska Natives, 0.5% and 0.3%, respectively. From years 2004 to 2014, there has been a 11.6% decline of underrepresented minorities earning science and engineering bachelor's degree at high Hispanic enrollment institutions and a 26.5% decline at historically black colleges or universities. The NSF also reported that in 2015, African-American and Hispanic scientists and engineers working in science and engineering occupations were only five and six percent, respectively. Although studies have found modest gains in geoscience bachelor's degree recipients among women, the number of underrepresented minorities recipients is at 12% or less. Additionally, other studies reported that according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in 2017 underrepresented minorities comprised only a tenth of the geoscience workforce in the United States, and women comprised approximately a third of environmental scientists and geoscientists and a fifth of the four-year geoscience faculty. It is clear that for too long the geosciences (and STEM in general) has struggled to address issues of diversity, equity, and inclusion. At the Center for Remote Sensing and Earth System Sciences (ReSESS) at the New York City College of Technology, the catalyst of Service-Learning via Remote Sensing Research in underserved communities and with underrepresented minority students was used as a means of attracting and engaging students in remote sensing research. Results show that the DEI-service learning-remote sensing nexus increased awareness and, understanding in the geosciences, and it motivated underrepresented students to share their newfound knowledge with local citizens in environmental sustainability initiatives. Both students and citizens were enthralled by the engagement of remote sensing at the neighborhood scale.
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Passive microwave radiometers provide brightness temperature (TB) measurements in a large spectral range with relatively high temporal resolution. Because of their significant role in environmental studies, it is imperative to have a... more
Passive microwave radiometers provide brightness temperature (TB) measurements in a large spectral range with relatively high temporal resolution. Because of their significant role in environmental studies, it is imperative to have a higher temporal resolution and more consistent datasets. This research aims to build a TB diurnal cycle at the Global scale. The shape (amplitude and phase) of the diurnal cycle for each month is obtained by merging several days of Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Microwave Imager (GMI) TB measurements because the acquisition times of GMI vary from day to day. This preliminary shape will later be improved by using the other sensors with daily fixed acquisition times such as three Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) and Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2). The final product is a highly frequent diurnal cycle that can help prediction of the time of the freeze thaw transition states.
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Satellite-borne passive microwave radiometers provide brightness temperature (TB) measurements in a large spectral range which includes a number of frequency channels and generally two polarizations: horizontal and vertical. These TBs are... more
Satellite-borne passive microwave radiometers provide brightness temperature (TB) measurements in a large spectral range which includes a number of frequency channels and generally two polarizations: horizontal and vertical. These TBs are widely used to retrieve several atmospheric and surface variables and parameters such as precipitation, soil moisture, water vapor, air temperature profile, and land surface emissivity. Since TBs are measured at different microwave frequencies with various instruments and at various incidence angles, spatial resolutions, and radiometric characteristics, a mere direct integration of them from different microwave sensors would not necessarily provide consistency. However, when appropriately harmonized, they can provide a complete dataset to estimate the diurnal cycle. This study first constructs the diurnal cycle of land TBs using the non-sun-synchronous Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Microwave Imager (GMI) observations by utilizing a cubic s...
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Land surface temperature (LST) and its diurnal variation are the critical factors in many aspects of climate study, surface energy balance, and environmental applications. Several satellite-based LST products are available for retrievals... more
Land surface temperature (LST) and its diurnal variation are the critical factors in many aspects of climate study, surface energy balance, and environmental applications. Several satellite-based LST products are available for retrievals from regional to a global scale. However, due to the differences in sensor configurations and retrieval algorithms, these products may not necessarily be consistent. In this letter, the consistency of spatial and temporal skin temperature variations from two infrared satellite platforms has been evaluated over the contiguous United States (CONUS). Comparisons are made between the LST products from the newly launched Geostationary Operation Environmental Satellite R Series (GOES-R) advanced baseline imager (ABI) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on both Aqua and Terra satellites which are polar orbiting. Overall, both products show a general agreement in their diurnal variations with differences mostly under 2 K. However, a temperature-dependent inconsistency has been detected. The MODIS LST product seems to estimate higher temperatures in the summer months while the GOES product estimates higher temperatures during the winter months. Moreover, the maximum observed diurnal differences could reach up to 10 K in mountainous regions. The results suggest that the corresponding temperature differences should be accounted for when LST diurnal variations are compared or generated from satellite observations.
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Accurate estimates of long-term land surface temperature (Ts) and near-surface air temperature (Ta) at finer spatio-temporal resolutions are crucial for surface energy budget studies, for environmental applications, for land surface model... more
Accurate estimates of long-term land surface temperature (Ts) and near-surface air temperature (Ta) at finer spatio-temporal resolutions are crucial for surface energy budget studies, for environmental applications, for land surface model data assimilation, and for climate change assessment and its associated impacts. The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors onboard the Aqua satellite provide a unique opportunity to estimate both temperatures twice daily at the global scale. In this study, differences between Ta and Ts were assessed locally over regions of North America from 2009 to 2013 using ground-based observations covering a wide range of geographical, topographical, and land cover types. The differences between Ta and Ts during non-precipitating conditions are generally 2–3 times larger than precipitating conditions. However, these differences show noticeable diurnal and seasonal variations. The differences between Ta and Ts were also investigated at the global scale using the AIRS estimates under clear-sky conditions for the period 2003–2015. The tropical regions showed about 5–20 °C warmer Ts than Ta during the day-time, whereas opposite characteristics (about 2–5 °C cooler Ts than Ta) are found over most parts of the globe during the night-time. Additionally, Ts estimates from the AIRS and the MODIS sensors were inter-compared. Although large-scale features of Ts were essentially similar for both sensors, considerable differences in magnitudes were observed (> 6 °C over mountainous regions). Finally, Ta and Ts estimates from the AIRS and MODIS sensors were validated against ground-based observations for the period of 2009–2013. The error characteristics notably varied with ground stations and no clear evidence of their dependency on land cover types or elevation was detected. However, the MODIS-derived Ts estimates generally showed larger biases and higher errors compared to the AIRS-derived estimates. The biases and errors increased steadily when the spatial resolution of the MODIS estimates changed from finer to coarser. These results suggest that representativeness error should be properly accounted for when validating satellite-based temperature estimates with point observations.
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Accurate estimation of passive microwave land surface emissivity (LSE) is crucial for numerical weather prediction model data assimilation, for microwave retrievals of land precipitation and atmospheric profiles, and for a better... more
Accurate estimation of passive microwave land surface emissivity (LSE) is crucial for numerical weather prediction model data assimilation, for microwave retrievals of land precipitation and atmospheric profiles, and for a better understanding of land surface and subsurface characteristics. In this study, global instantaneous LSE is estimated for a 9-yr period from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) and for a 5-yr period from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) sensors. Estimates of LSE from both sensors were obtained by using an updated algorithm that minimizes the discrepancy between the differences in penetration depths from microwave and infrared remote sensing observations. Concurrent ancillary datasets such as skin temperature from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and profiles of air temperature and humidity from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder are used. The latest collection 6 of MODIS skin...
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New York City College of Technology has created a year-round geoscience workforce preparation and geoscience career mentoring program for nongeoscience, minority science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) students beginning at the... more
New York City College of Technology has created a year-round geoscience workforce preparation and geoscience career mentoring program for nongeoscience, minority science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) students beginning at the critical juncture of their junior year. The overall goal of the program is to create a viable pathway to the geoscience workforce by tapping into a nontraditional pool of students. Each year 12 students are recruited to participate in a structured geoscience workforce model program that consists of geoscience exposure, preparation, apprenticeship, and experience. The students not only receive support with cohort-building activities, but they also participate in two geoscience internship programs that equip them with geoscience knowledge; geoscience workforce skills; summer internships at a federal, local, or private geoscience facilities; mentoring by geoscience practitioners; and networking opportunities with geoscience companies and geoscience pro...
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By its very nature, a study of the natural environment is complex and challenging. To unearth new and to refine previously known geophysical knowledge requires systematic, sustained, and interdisciplinary methodologies that are seamlessly... more
By its very nature, a study of the natural environment is complex and challenging. To unearth new and to refine previously known geophysical knowledge requires systematic, sustained, and interdisciplinary methodologies that are seamlessly integrated and cohesively knitted. Therefore, to understand and teach the physical laws that govern the equilibrium and the perturbated states of the natural environment, strategies that employ interdisciplinary pedagogy are needed. Such was the case with Superstorm Sandy. The cyclone provided a classic, ready-made entree to a geophysical, interdisciplinary, and place-based learning course that has been transformational. Study results from the course show statistically significant increases in knowledge of the science, impacts, preparation and adaptation measures, meteorological dynamics, and reduction in the vulnerability and risk associated with the storm.
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A popular paradigm states: What cannot be measured cannot be managed. The programmatic and practical objectives of the city and members of the New York City Climate Change Adaptation Task Force are to develop Flexible Adaptation Pathways... more
A popular paradigm states: What cannot be measured cannot be managed. The programmatic and practical objectives of the city and members of the New York City Climate Change Adaptation Task Force are to develop Flexible Adaptation Pathways for the region's critical ...
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To understand the atmospheric phenomena such as rain rate, cloud liquid water, and total precipitable water from satellite microwave observations, the surface contribution should be accounted and be removed from the microwave signal. The... more
To understand the atmospheric phenomena such as rain rate, cloud liquid water, and total precipitable water from satellite microwave observations, the surface contribution should be accounted and be removed from the microwave signal. The objective of this proposed research is to develop a land surface emissivity that facilitates providing this information. The emissivity product will improve the Goddard PROFiling algorithm (GPROF) precipitation estimates. It makes use of microwave measurements from newly launched Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) Microwave Imager (GMI) sensor to produce an emissivity database for a range of frequencies from 6.9 GHz (C band) to high frequencies such as 183 GHz. The goal of this work is to inter-compare four global land surface emissivity products over various land-cover conditions to assess their consistency. The intercompared retrieved land emissivity products were generated over five-year period (2003-2007) using observations from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E), Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I), The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) and Windsat. First, all products were reprocessed in the same projection and spatial resolution as they were generated from sensors with various configurations. Then, the mean value and standard deviations of monthly emissivity values were calculated for each product to assess the spatial distribution of the consistencies/inconsistencies among the products across the globe. The emissivity products were also compared to soil moisture estimates and satellite-based vegetation index to assess their sensitivities to the changes in land surface conditions.
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The off-line version of the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) land-surface hydrological model over- predicted run-off from the karstic Rio Cobre watershed in Jamaica. To assess possible climate change impacts on runoff from the... more
The off-line version of the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) land-surface hydrological model over- predicted run-off from the karstic Rio Cobre watershed in Jamaica. To assess possible climate change impacts on runoff from the watershed, the model's simulation of observed runoff was improved by adding to it a karst component that has pipe flow features. The improved model was
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ABSTRACT All across the nation, Earth science knowledge among both students and their teachers in middle and high schools has been substandard, and particularly so for underrepresented minorities in science, technology, engineering, and... more
ABSTRACT All across the nation, Earth science knowledge among both students and their teachers in middle and high schools has been substandard, and particularly so for underrepresented minorities in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education. In New York City, a geoscience program was, therefore, developed to assist in ameliorating this problem. For middle and high school students and teachers, the program (1) provided pedagogical, research, and inquiry-oriented geoscience experiences; (2) offered pedagogical and research standards-based professional development in Earth science for teachers; (3) promoted geoscience inquiry and engagement via a three-dimensional, online virtual environment in which geoscience concepts were demonstrated, taught, and explored; (4) afforded students and teachers exposure to the geosciences through geoscience events and seminars; and (5) sponsored community-based geoscience outreach activities. Results from the program have shown noteworthy increases in students' understanding, participation, appreciation, and awareness of the geosciences. Altogether, the initiatives above combined geoscience learning opportunities, exposure, and research experiences with eager cohorts of geoscience learners to produce holistic, engaging stimuli for the scientific and academic growth and development of grades 8–12 student and teacher participants.
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Rae Zimmerman,1 Sheila Foster,2 Jorge E. González,3 Klaus Jacob,4 Howard Kunreuther,5 Elisaveta P. Petkova,6 and Ernest Tollerson7,8,9 1Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, New York University, New York, New York. 2McCourt School of... more
Rae Zimmerman,1 Sheila Foster,2 Jorge E. González,3 Klaus Jacob,4 Howard Kunreuther,5 Elisaveta P. Petkova,6 and Ernest Tollerson7,8,9 1Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, New York University, New York, New York. 2McCourt School of Public Policy and the School of Law, Georgetown University. 3Mechanical Engineering Department and NOAA-CREST Center, The City College of New York, New York, New York. 4Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, New York. 5Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 6Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York. 7Hudson River Foundation, New York, New York. 8Riverkeeper, Ossining, New York. 9Environmental Advocates of New York, Albany, New York
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Three near-neutral boundary layer data sets were investigated with the aim of finding a dependence on wind stress on both wind speed and significant wave height. The data set most representative of open ocean wave height, wind speed, and... more
Three near-neutral boundary layer data sets were investigated with the aim of finding a dependence on wind stress on both wind speed and significant wave height. The data set most representative of open ocean wave height, wind speed, and momentum flux conditions, was selected and analyzed by means of the least squares method to produce a new parameterization for the
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Saharan dust is transported by the Northeast Trade Winds from Northern Africa to the Caribbean, South America, and eastern seaboard of the US, generally affecting atmospheric chemistry, oceanic bioproductivity, and human health. To better... more
Saharan dust is transported by the Northeast Trade Winds from Northern Africa to the Caribbean, South America, and eastern seaboard of the US, generally affecting atmospheric chemistry, oceanic bioproductivity, and human health. To better understand the dispersion and the impacts of Saharan dust as well as biomass aerosols of African origin, a set of ship-based research expeditions called the transAtlantic Aerosol and Ocean Science Expeditions (AEROSE) have been conducted in 2004 and annually between 2006-2010. This report will discuss some of the findings of AEROSE-V, which took place during July 11 – August 10, 2009. Ambient aerosol mass densities were measured using a Quartz Crystal Microbalance Cascade Impactor (QCM). Size-segregated samples were also collected in order to study the compositional variability in the ambient mass distributions observed over the tropical Atlantic Ocean. In situ aerosol measurements were compared with outputs and analyses from NAAPS forecast models,...
The results of a program to evaluate nondestructive inspection techniques on spherical composite specimens are presented. Seventy Kevlar-epoxy filament wound specimens were made such that ten of the specimens contained one of seven defect... more
The results of a program to evaluate nondestructive inspection techniques on spherical composite specimens are presented. Seventy Kevlar-epoxy filament wound specimens were made such that ten of the specimens contained one of seven defect conditions which simulated manufacturing or handling defects. These defect conditions were a standard no-defect condition, Teflon-shim simulated delamination, ceramic bead simulated voids, 10% low-fiber alternate winding
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Remote Sensing, Fuzzy Logic, Neural Networks, Satellite remote sensing, Neural Network, and 11 moreLand Cover, Soil moisture, Microwave Remote Sensing, Land Use, Root-Mean Square Error, Multiple Regression, Vegetation, Infrared, Soil Characteristics, Soil Water, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
A study of nondestructive evaluation techniques on spherical filament-wound Kevlar-epoxy test specimens has been performed, and the results are presented. The objectives of the study were (1) to determine the sensitivity of several NDE... more
A study of nondestructive evaluation techniques on spherical filament-wound Kevlar-epoxy test specimens has been performed, and the results are presented. The objectives of the study were (1) to determine the sensitivity of several NDE techniques for the detection of a series of flaw conditions in an enclosed geometry and (2) to determine which flaw conditions affected the mechanical strength of