Sigma Ainul

Poor learning remains a central challenge in Bangladesh despite considerable progress in advancing schooling access and reducing gender gaps in education. The learning crisis is feared to have been exacerbated during extended school closures and limited alternative opportunities for schooling during the COVID-19 pandemic. This brief summarizes findings on learning loss among adolescent girls during the pandemic in rural Bangladesh.

Background Previous research suggests that child marriage may be accelerated during times of crisis and insecurity as resources are scarce and child marriage may be a survival strategy for girls and their families. In 2017, the Rohingya experienced a mass displacement to Bangladesh in response to escalating violence in Myanmar. This displacement has resulted in an estimated population of nearly 1 million Rohingya living in Cox’s Bazar. Methods We conducted in-depth interviews (n = 48) and focus group discussions (n = 12) with Rohingya male and female adolescents and young adults (14–24 years), and program managers and service providers (n = 24) working in Cox’s Bazar to understand their experience of living or working in the camps, preferences for timing of marriage, and marriage practices in Myanmar and in the camps. We also interviewed Bangladeshis in the host community to complement our understanding of marriage in the camps and its influence in the broader community. Our primary...

In Bangladesh, there appears to be high levels of modern contraceptive use but also high levels of adolescent childbearing. The present paper explores early marriage as a risk factor explaining early childbearing and mis timed pregnancies. Data collected from an adolescent survey of 11,609 girls between the ages 12-19 years are analysed in conjunction with in-depth interviews (n=12) with adolescents living in three dis tricts in South-Wes tern Bangladesh. Life his tories of girls who experienced an early pregnancy were explored to elucidate how high modern contraceptive use and replacement level fertility in the region coincided with high levels of unintended pregnancy.

This baseline report is part of an operations research project “Healthy Women, Healthy Families (HWHF): Shustha Ma, Shustha Poribar” led by Management Sciences for Health (MSH) in partnership with BRAC, SCOPE, and the Population Council. The project aims to improve quality and increase utilization of maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) and family planning (FP) services and information for young mothers-to-be, first-time mothers (FTMs) aged 15-24, and their partners in the urban municipality of Tongi, Gazipur District, Bangladesh, through a group antenatal care ANC-PNC approach. The objectives of this study are to establish baseline values of selected HWHF project result indicators against which the impacts of the project’s intervention can be measured. The target group is young, first-time parents and the study examines the current status of knowledge on MNCH-FP and access to services among FTMs. This quasi-experimental pre-post control group design study employs both quantit...

... Moshiur Rahman, Farhana Akter, Md. Mostafizur Rahman Khan, Kazi Tamanna Keya, Eshita Jahan, Nondini Lopa, Nargis Sultana and Sareeta Haider for their inputs in the program development and implementation; and Dipak Kumar Shil, Mamun-ur-Rashid, Joynal Abedin ...

The Population Council COVID-19 study team is implementing rapid phone-based surveys of a representative sample of girls living in the catchment area of two skills-building programs. The two programs (one with UNFPA, the Ministry of Women and Children Affairs; and the second with UNICEF and the Ministry of Education/DSHE) are affiliated with the UNFPA-UNICEF Global Programme to Accelerate Action to End Child Marriage. The overall goal of the programs is to prevent child marriage. The rapid assessment will explore how the pandemic and associated lockdown is changing girls' experience of schooling, time use, care responsibilities and household scarcity as mediating pathways to child marriage. The objectives are to assess COVID-19-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices; track changes over time; identify barriers to social distancing behavior change; and assess impact on lives and livelihoods. The multi-round survey of 960 adolescent girls includes questions on age, education, marital status, knowledge and attitudes, disruption due to school closing, risks related to violence and mental health, and resources needed during lockdown. In later rounds, we intend to include questions on service access for sexual and reproductive health and rights, stigma associated with disease acquisition, and compliance with social distancing.

From April 20–30, 2020, during a nationwide lockdown, the Population Council Bangladesh conducted the first round of a rapid phone-based survey on COVID-19 knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP). The survey randomly selected girls who had provided phone numbers during enrollment in a skills-building program that began before the pandemic. The survey’s objective was to assess the impact of COVID-19 on adolescent lives and to design programs that would contribute to protecting girls and meet social distancing guidelines imposed by the government. Phone interviews were conducted with 479 girls living in the districts of Chapainawabganj, Kushtia, and Sherpur who were participants in a program focused on reducing child marriage by increasing school attendance and grade progression among girls ages 12 to 15.1 A follow-up survey was conducted from June 12–22, 2020, prior to the introduction of virtual skills sessions as school closure and social distancing protocols were in effect. The ...