The SAGES Portfolio Faculty Evaluation Committee, consisting of university faculty from Chemical Engineering, History, English, SAGES, and Accounting, read and evaluated 423 student writing portfolios submitted to the SAGES office between... more
The SAGES Portfolio Faculty Evaluation Committee, consisting of university faculty from Chemical Engineering, History, English, SAGES, and Accounting, read and evaluated 423 student writing portfolios submitted to the SAGES office between May 2008 and May 2009. The following report outlines the methodologies used during the evaluation process, provides the results of the committee’s assessment of student writing, and offers suggestions for SAGES and English department writing program administration regarding the SAGES portfolio requirement. Our chief finding is that students are producing an overall good quality of writing in the SAGES program, but would benefit from more instruction in argumentation. We also recommend revising the portfolio submission guidelines and procedures to eliminate, as much as possible, the presence of vague and/or contradictory expectations.
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Effective discharge is defined as the streamflow responsible for transporting the most sediment over the long term. Since the stream channel is a product of material that is transported by the stream, the effective discharge is... more
Effective discharge is defined as the streamflow responsible for transporting the most sediment over the long term. Since the stream channel is a product of material that is transported by the stream, the effective discharge is interpreted to be the flow rate that is most responsible for creating the form of the channel itself. It is therefore important to understand the factors that control the effective discharge in streams in order to develop a plan for water use that does not adversely affect the stream's transport regime and the riparian ecosystem. We use S-PLUS for Windows, an object-oriented programming and visualization environment, to compute the magnitude and frequency of effective discharge for the Red River, a headwater stream in Idaho. The built-in analytical functions and graphical tools make S-PLUS an efficient tool for this and many other types of hydrologic analyses.
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ABSTRACT Suspended sediment was collected in the South Slough, National, Estuarine Research Reserve, Oregon, over 8 tidal cycles during and following a single runoff event. The sediment was analyzed for its radionuclide signature to... more
ABSTRACT Suspended sediment was collected in the South Slough, National, Estuarine Research Reserve, Oregon, over 8 tidal cycles during and following a single runoff event. The sediment was analyzed for its radionuclide signature to determine the relative contributions of different sources of sediment to the efflux from the estuary. Suspended sediment in the estuary is a mixture of sediment from three potential sources: the river system, Coos Bay, and the estuarine bed. Each source material has a distinctive7Be:210Pbxs ratio. The ratios of the source sediments decreased, in magnitude in the following order: riverine >bay>bed. The ratios, of the suspended sediment collected within a subsection of the South Slough estuary reflected the relative mixture of the source areas. The7Be:210Pbxs ratios provided a means of not only differentiating, between resuspended bed sediment and freshly delivered sediment from both the river system and Coos Bay, but also calculating the relative amount of resuspended bed sediment in the suspended sediment collected in the estuary. The sampled subsection of the South Slough estuary was a net sink of sediment during a 100-h sampling period associated with the runoff event, but the radionuclide analysis suggests that approximately 39% of the sediment efflux was resuspended bed sediment.
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Page 1. Chapter 25 Measuring Soil Erosion Rates Using Natural ( 7 Be, 210 Pb) and Anthropogenic ( 137 Cs, 239,240 Pu) Radionuclides Gerald Matisoff and Peter J. Whiting Abstract This chapter examines the application of ...
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... 17150 22 Baffin Bay 10412-15554 23 Nueltin 10427-17233 24 South Great Slave Lake 10436-18145 25 Thelon 11887-16250 26 Yathkyed Lake 20603-17035 27 Rainy Lake 1057-16305 28 Lake Nipigon 1181-16193 29 Payne River 1192-15363 30 Lake... more
... 17150 22 Baffin Bay 10412-15554 23 Nueltin 10427-17233 24 South Great Slave Lake 10436-18145 25 Thelon 11887-16250 26 Yathkyed Lake 20603-17035 27 Rainy Lake 1057-16305 28 Lake Nipigon 1181-16193 29 Payne River 1192-15363 30 Lake Minto 1192-...
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Step-pool channels are a ubiquitous element of mountain watersheds. As communities continue to expand into the mountainous regions of the world, an increased understanding of step-pool properties and characteristics is essential to... more
Step-pool channels are a ubiquitous element of mountain watersheds. As communities continue to expand into the mountainous regions of the world, an increased understanding of step-pool properties and characteristics is essential to support informed land-use decisions. A surge in recent research has explored fundamental characteristics of step-pools in part from the perspective of utilizing step-pools in stream restoration or stabilization efforts. Much of this research has focused on applying hydraulic and energy theory to elucidate controls on step-pool geometry. These approaches are based on the concept that step-pool form evolves to provide a maximum resistance to flow. We describe a new perspective on step-pool geometric scaling. Our work suggests that step-pool geometry is the result of interactions between channel geometry and step-pool hydraulics, notably head loss through the step-pool reach. We will illustrate that at the reach level of organization, the ratio of bankfull w...
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Data from rivers and streams in a variety of settings and of various sizes have been compiled and suggest that the distance suspended sediment travels during single excursions can be estimated from the settling velocity of the sedimentary... more
Data from rivers and streams in a variety of settings and of various sizes have been compiled and suggest that the distance suspended sediment travels during single excursions can be estimated from the settling velocity of the sedimentary particles and the depth and average flow velocity of the channels. Particle travel distance has been determined from the downstream variation in concentration of distinctive tracers - fallout radionuclides and metals - associated with the fine sediment. The concentration of tracers decreases exponentially with distance downstream in accord with integrated point-sources as a basis for modeling transport distance. In a portion of Old Woman Creek in Ohio (~50 km2), suspended sediment traveled 2-17 km during thunderstorm runoff. In the Gold Forks River in Idaho (~ 390 km2), suspended sediment traveled 60 km during the peak of the snowmelt hydrograph. Transport distances dropped to 12 km as discharge waned to baseflow. In the Yellowstone River basin (~1...
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The naturally occurring radionuclides, 7Be and 210Pbxs, have been used individually as tracers of sediment particles throughout watersheds. However, use of the two radionuclides together enables eliciting information regarding the major... more
The naturally occurring radionuclides, 7Be and 210Pbxs, have been used individually as tracers of sediment particles throughout watersheds. However, use of the two radionuclides together enables eliciting information regarding the major contributors of fine sediment to the suspended load of a stream or wetland. We report on a study that uses these radionuclides to quantify the relative proportion of eroded surface soils, bank material and resuspended bed sediment in the fine suspended sediment load of the Goodwin Creek, MS, and Old Woman Creek, OH watersheds. The eroded surface soil has a unique radionuclide signature relative to the bed sediments in Old Woman Creek and the bank material along Goodwin Creek that allows for the quantification of the relative proportions of the different sediments in the sediment load. In Old Woman Creek, the different signatures are controlled by the differential decay of the two radionuclides. In Goodwin Creek, the different signatures are due to di...
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ABSTRACT Traffic measurement and monitoring are an important component of network management and traffic engineering.With high-speed Internet backbone links, efficient and effective packet sampling techniques for traffic measurement and... more
ABSTRACT Traffic measurement and monitoring are an important component of network management and traffic engineering.With high-speed Internet backbone links, efficient and effective packet sampling techniques for traffic measurement and monitoring are not only desirable, but also increasingly becoming a necessity. Since the utility of sampling depends on the accuracy and economy of measurement, it is important to control sampling error. In this paper we propose and analyze an adaptive, stratified packet sampling technique for flow-level traffic measurement. In particular, we address the theoretical and practical issues involved. Through theoretical studies and experiments, we demonstrate that the proposed sampling technique provides unbiased estimation of flow size with controllable error bound, in terms of both packet and byte counts for elephant flows, while avoiding excessive oversampling.
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Field measurements in a sand-bedded river and in two gravel-bedded ones were compared to examine controls on boundary shear stress fields, sediment transport processes, and sorting in meanders. Analysis of detailed flow field measurements... more
Field measurements in a sand-bedded river and in two gravel-bedded ones were compared to examine controls on boundary shear stress fields, sediment transport processes, and sorting in meanders. Analysis of detailed flow field measurements in the sand-bedded ...
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ABSTRACT Understanding of erosional processes occurring at fine scales (cm) and over short time periods (min) in agricultural settings is essential for efforts to minimize landscape scarring, conserve surface nutrients, and reduce... more
ABSTRACT Understanding of erosional processes occurring at fine scales (cm) and over short time periods (min) in agricultural settings is essential for efforts to minimize landscape scarring, conserve surface nutrients, and reduce off-site impacts. Cosmogenic and fallout radionuclides have been successfully used in a variety of settings to determine sediment source and sediment transport processes. In this study we used the short-lived radionuclide Be-7 (t1/2= 53 d) to investigate erosional processes occurring during runoff from a 4 m by 9 m erosion plot. The plot was established in a 9.8% slope no-till corn field at the USDA ARS Deep Loess Research Station in Treynor, Iowa. Before and after the rainfall, fine resolution soil profiles were collected to determine the distribution of radionuclides and soil nutrients with depth. Be-7 was concentrated near the soil surface. Prior to the rainfall event, rare earth tagged soil particles were applied in three discrete strips, 0.5 m wide, along the contour. Forty runoff samples were collected during the course of a 5.7 cm thunderstorm event. Runoff efficiency was 25% and sediment yield was 0.234 kg m-2. Be-7 activities in runoff varied with hydrologic conditions and rainfall intensity, ranging from 0.06-0.6 Bq gm-1. Dominant erosional processes observed were rain splash erosion, overland flow and rill transport. Be-7 rich sediment was delivered at times corresponding corresponded to peaks in rainfall intensity, onset of overland flow, and development of hydrologic connectivity. Sediment had lower Be-7 activity during peak sediment delivery, probably due to dilution by large volumes of Be-7 poor sediment derived from deeper rill erosion. Soil tagged with the rare earth elements Ho, Tb, and Eu showed downslope movement in interrill areas, supporting conclusion of rain splash and sheetflow erosive mechanisms.
ABSTRACT Soil inventories of the radionuclides Cs137 and Pb210 have been used in a variety of environments as indicators for erosion and depositional processes. Development of sediment budgets for entire watersheds from radionuclide data... more
ABSTRACT Soil inventories of the radionuclides Cs137 and Pb210 have been used in a variety of environments as indicators for erosion and depositional processes. Development of sediment budgets for entire watersheds from radionuclide data has been somewhat constrained because limited sample numbers may not adequately characterize the wide range of geomorphic conditions and land uses found in heterogeneous environments. The measurement of Pu239+240 shows great potential for developing quantitative watershed sediment budgets. With inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry, hundreds of samples may be processed in dramatically shorter times than the gamma spectrometry method used for Cs137 or alpha spectrometry method used for Pb210. We collected surface soil samples from Murder Creek in the Piedmont region of Georgia, USA, to compare Pu239+240 inventories with Cs137 and Pb210 inventories for a range of land uses in a predominantly forested watershed. Excellent correlations were found for radionuclide inventories (r2 =0.88, n = 38) and high resolution (4 mm) depth profiles. The second objective was to generate a sediment budget using the full Pu239+240 dataset (n = 309). Average Pu239+240 inventories were 70.0 Bq/m2 for hardwood forest, 60.0 Bq/m2 for pine plantation, 65.1 Bq/m2 for pine forest, 66.7 Bq/m2 for row crop agriculture and 67.9 Bq/m2 for pasture. The sediment budget will be constructed by converting inventories into site-specific erosion rates. Erosion rates will be scaled up to the watershed scale using GIS coverages of land use, soil, slope, and slope position. Results will be compared with Murder Creek sediment budgets in the scientific literature generated from RUSLE erosion modeling, USGS monitoring networks and reservoir sedimentation.
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Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Geology, Hydraulics, Water resources, and 13 moreApplied Economics, Computation Fluid Dynamics, United States, Grain size, Steady state, Hydraulic Roughness, Spatial Distribution, Spatial Variability, Finite Volume, Data Model, Three Dimensional, Spatial structure, and Fractal Dimension
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Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Statistics, Methodology, Safety, and 11 moreCorrelation, Land Use, Sediment transport, Surface Water, Data Collection, Geospatial Analysis, Drainage, Sediment Transport, Total Maximum Daily Load (Tmdl), Geographic Information System, and Geographic Information Systems
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ABSTRACT
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Environmental Engineering, Environmental Science, Modeling, Invasive Species, Great Lakes, and 14 moreModels, Habitat, Fishery Management, Fish habitat, Habitats, Lake Erie, Lancet, Digital Elevation Model, High Resolution, Particle Size, Substrate, Geographic Information System, GIS, and ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT
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Motion pictures taken at Duck Creek, a clear stream 6.5 m wide and 35 cm deep near Pinedale, Wyoming, provide detailed, quantitative information on both the modes of motion of individual bedload particles and the collective motions of... more
Motion pictures taken at Duck Creek, a clear stream 6.5 m wide and 35 cm deep near Pinedale, Wyoming, provide detailed, quantitative information on both the modes of motion of individual bedload particles and the collective motions of large numbers of them. Bed shear stress was approximately 6 Pa (60 dynes cm−2), which was about twice the threshold for movement of the 4 mm median diameter fine gravel bed material; and transport was almost entirely as bedload. The displacements of individual particles occurred mainly by rolling of the majority of the particles and saltation of the smallest ones, and rarely by brief sliding of large, angular ones. Entrainment was principally by rollover of the larger particles and liftoff of the smaller ones, and infrequently by ejection caused by impacts, whereas distrainment was primarily by diminution of fluid forces in the case of rolling particles and by collisions with larger bed particles in the case of saltating ones. The displacement times av...
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An issue in evaluating the success of agricultural management practices is the speed that eroded particles make their way through the downstream waters. In this study at Old Woman Creek (OWC) and Rock Creek (RC), two largely agricultural... more
An issue in evaluating the success of agricultural management practices is the speed that eroded particles make their way through the downstream waters. In this study at Old Woman Creek (OWC) and Rock Creek (RC), two largely agricultural watersheds in Ohio, the flux of sediment and radionuclides (7Be, 210Pb, and 137Cs) in thunderstorm runoff was examined to better understand transport of eroded agricultural soils. The hydrograph in an agricultural area under no-till was similar in timing, but of lesser magnitude, than the hydrograph from a similar-sized area under conventional tillage. The activities of 210Pb and 7Be are linearly correlated and are higher in suspended sediments derived from no-till subbasins than those derived from conventionally tilled subbasins. A suspended sediment plume, identified by its unique radionuclide signature, was traced through 17 km of OWC stream channel in approximately 13.4 h (0.35 m/s). The downstream exponential decrease of 7Be activities in suspended sediments 3 to 12 h after passage of the sediment plume was used to estimate transport distances of suspended sediment from 2 to 17 km, respectively. Transport distances of suspended sediments were also calculated from wave kinematics and indicate that at OWC suspended sediment transport distances were longer in streams draining areas of no-till (19-26 km) than in the streams draining areas of conventional tillage (6-15 km). Suspended sediments travel 7 to 22 km at RC. The transport distances are long relative to the lengths of the stream channel and indicate that erosion control methods implemented in the watershed should be reflected quickly in downstream waters.
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Earth Sciences, Chemistry, Soil, Agriculture, Environmental Monitoring, and 12 moreMedicine, Great Lakes Region, Biological Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Sediment transport, Environmental quality, Sediment Transport, Water Movements, Radioisotopes, Beryllium, Environment Quality, and Geologic Sediments
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Earth Sciences, Environmental Science, Agriculture, Environmental Monitoring, Climate, and 15 moreMedicine, Biological Sciences, Phosphorus, Environmental Sciences, Environmental Concern, Nitrates, Regression Analysis, Lake Erie, Ohio, Environmental quality, Fertilizers, Conservation Tillage, Linear Regression, Environment Quality, and Crop Residue
Trends in climatic variables, streamflow, agricultural practices, and loads of nutrients and suspended solids were estimated for 1976-1995 in the Maumee and Sandusky watersheds, two large agricultural basins draining to Lake Erie. To... more
Trends in climatic variables, streamflow, agricultural practices, and loads of nutrients and suspended solids were estimated for 1976-1995 in the Maumee and Sandusky watersheds, two large agricultural basins draining to Lake Erie. To understand the contributions that various factors may have made to the trends in loads, earlier results of models linking loads to explanatory variables were combined with estimated trends in those variables. The study period was characterized by increases in temperature, wintertime precipitation and streamflow, conservation farming, and loads of nitrate and total suspended solids; decreases in snowfall and snow cover, fertilizer, manure from livestock, and loads of soluble reactive phosphorus; and relatively steady exports of total phosphorus. After removing the effects of trends in streamflow, nitrate loads increased much less while total suspended solids and total phosphorus loads declined. The analysis suggests that the nitrate increases were due largely to climatic factors, particularly increases in winter streamflow, decreases in snowfall and snow cover, and declining annual precipitation. Decreases in soluble reactive phosphorus were associated with changes in agricultural practices, particularly declines in fertilizer deliveries and head of livestock.
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Earth Sciences, Environmental Science, Climate variability, Agriculture, Environmental Monitoring, and 15 moreClimate, Medicine, Great Lakes Region, Biological Sciences, Phosphorus, Environmental Sciences, Animals, Nitrates, Climatic Factor, Lake Erie, Ohio, Environmental quality, Fertilizers, Environment Quality, and Conservation Reserve Program
Soil cores and suspended sediments were collected within the Old Woman Creek, Ohio (OWC) watershed following a thunderstorm and analyzed for 7Be, 137Cs, and 210Pb activities to compare the effects of till vs. no-till management on soil... more
Soil cores and suspended sediments were collected within the Old Woman Creek, Ohio (OWC) watershed following a thunderstorm and analyzed for 7Be, 137Cs, and 210Pb activities to compare the effects of till vs. no-till management on soil erosion and sediment yield. The upper reaches of the watershed draining tilled agricultural fields were disproportionately responsible for the majority of the suspended sediment load compared with lower in the watershed (2.0-7.0 metric tons/km2 [Mg/km2] vs. 1.2-2.6 Mg/km2). About 6 to 10 times more sediment was derived from the subbasins that are predominantly tilled (6.8-12.4 Mg/km2) compared with the subbasins undergoing no-till practices (0.5-1.1 Mg/km2). In undisturbed soils the 210Pb activities decreased with movement toward the bottom of the cores to the constant supported 210Pb value at a depth of about 10 cm. There was a subsurface maximum in 137Cs activity within the top 10 cm. In contrast, the 210Pb and 137Cs distributions in soils that are currently or were previously tilled were nearly homogeneous with depth, reflecting continuing or previous mixing by plowing. The activities of 210Pb and 7Be were linearly correlated and were higher in suspended sediments derived from no-till subbasins than those derived from tilled subbasins, indicating that the soil surface is the source of suspended sediment. This study demonstrates that no-till farming results in decreases in soil erosion and decreases in suspended sediment discharges and that those eroded sediments have a radionuclide signature corresponding to the tillage practice and the depth of erosion.
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Earth Sciences, Environmental Science, Agriculture, Environmental Monitoring, Medicine, and 15 moreIsotopic Analysis, Biological Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Sediments, Sediment, Environmental quality, Sedimentation, Cesium, Signature, Conservation of Natural Resources, Radioisotopes, Beryllium, Environment Quality, Geologic Sediments, and Radioisotope
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Geology, Geomorphology, Geometry, Bedforms, Floodplains, and 8 moreChannels, Streams, Roughness, Drainage, Runoff, HYDROGRAPH, River Discharge, and hydrographs
Understanding the geometric structuring of alluvial step-pools is an enduring problem in mountain stream geomorphology. Many previous studies propose that the key control parameter governing the step-pool form is mean bed slope. As... more
Understanding the geometric structuring of alluvial step-pools is an enduring problem in mountain stream geomorphology. Many previous studies propose that the key control parameter governing the step-pool form is mean bed slope. As explored through several ...
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Geology and Geomorphology
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Sheetwash and rilling are two important mechanisms of soil erosion by runoff. The relative contribution of each mechanism has been a vexing question because measuring thin sheet erosion is difficult. Fortuitously, various fallout... more
Sheetwash and rilling are two important mechanisms of soil erosion by runoff. The relative contribution of each mechanism has been a vexing question because measuring thin sheet erosion is difficult. Fortuitously, various fallout radionuclides have distinct distributions in ...
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... of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 Thomas G. Drake, Ronald L Shreve Department of ... ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Supported by National Science Foundation Engineering Grant CEE-8307142 and Grant... more
... of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 Thomas G. Drake, Ronald L Shreve Department of ... ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Supported by National Science Foundation Engineering Grant CEE-8307142 and Grant EAR-84-51175-PYI to Dietrich ...
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Abstract The activity of fallout radionuclides (7 Be, 137 Cs, and 210 Pb) was measured on upland and floodplain soils and on suspended sediments to quantify sources of fine sediment and to estimate sediment transport distances in stream... more
Abstract The activity of fallout radionuclides (7 Be, 137 Cs, and 210 Pb) was measured on upland and floodplain soils and on suspended sediments to quantify sources of fine sediment and to estimate sediment transport distances in stream channels in the ...
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ABSTRACT Detailed soil erosion studies benefit from the ability to quantify the magnitude of erosion over time scales appropriate to the process. An inventory balance for 7Be was used to calculate sediment erosion in a 30·73 m2 plot during... more
ABSTRACT Detailed soil erosion studies benefit from the ability to quantify the magnitude of erosion over time scales appropriate to the process. An inventory balance for 7Be was used to calculate sediment erosion in a 30·73 m2 plot during a series of runoff-producing thunderstorms occurring over three days at the Deep Loess Research Station in Treynor, Iowa, USA. The inventory balance included determination of the pre- and post-storm 7Be inventories in the soil, the atmospheric influx of 7Be during the event, and profiles of the 7Be activity in the soil following the atmospheric deposition. The erosion calculated in the plot using the 7Be inventory balance was 0·058 g cm−2, which is 23 per cent of the annual average erosion determined using 137Cs inventories. The calculated erosion from the mass balance is similar to the 0·059 g cm−2 of erosion estimated from the amount of sediment collected at the outlet of the 6 ha field during the study period and the delivery ratio (0·64). The inventory balance of 7Be provides a new means for evaluating soil erosion over the time period most relevant to quantifying the prediction of erosion from runoff. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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ABSTRACT
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ABSTRACT Vertical profiles of the activities of 137Cs and 210Pb were measured on floodplain sediment cores and upland soil cores along the Soda Butte Creek and the Yellowstone River to determine floodplain sedimentation rates. The... more
ABSTRACT Vertical profiles of the activities of 137Cs and 210Pb were measured on floodplain sediment cores and upland soil cores along the Soda Butte Creek and the Yellowstone River to determine floodplain sedimentation rates. The position of mine tailings from a 1950 impoundment failure was used as a stratigraphic marker to estimate the sedimentation rates and to make comparisons with rates provided by radionuclide-based methods. Mass accumulation (sedimentation) rates calculated from the position of the mine tailings ranged from 0·00 to 0·17 g cm−2 yr−1 and were in good agreement with sedimentation rates calculated from the inventories of 137Cs and 210Pb. Sedimentation rates calculated from the position of the 137Cs peak generally overestimated the sedimentation rates, probably because of increased downward migration of 137Cs caused by the low pH of water moving through the mine tailings or the high permeability of floodplain sediments relative to upland reference soils. This study demonstrates that the 137Cs and 210Pb inventory methods for determining sedimentation rates can be applied to an alpine floodplain where sedimentation events are episodic and where orographic effects on precipitation generate strong downstream gradients in the delivery of atmospheric radionuclides. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Effective discharge is defined as the streamflow responsible for transporting the most sediment over the long term. Since the stream channel is a product of material that is transported by the stream, the effective discharge is... more
Effective discharge is defined as the streamflow responsible for transporting the most sediment over the long term. Since the stream channel is a product of material that is transported by the stream, the effective discharge is interpreted to be the flow rate that is most responsible for creating the form of the channel itself. It is therefore important to understand the factors that control the effective discharge in streams in order to develop a plan for water use that does not adversely affect the stream's transport regime and the riparian ecosystem. We use S-PLUS for Windows, an object-oriented programming and visualization environment, to compute the magnitude and frequency of effective discharge for the Red River, a headwater stream in Idaho. The built-in analytical functions and graphical tools make S-PLUS an efficient tool for this and many other types of hydrologic analyses.
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The activity of fallout radionuclides (7 Be, 137 Cs, and 210 Pb) was measured on upland and floodplain soils and on suspended sediments to quantify sources of fine sediment and to estimate sediment transport distances in stream channels... more
The activity of fallout radionuclides (7 Be, 137 Cs, and 210 Pb) was measured on upland and floodplain soils and on suspended sediments to quantify sources of fine sediment and to estimate sediment transport distances in stream channels in the ...