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Archaeology, Medieval Archaeology, History of Technology, Early Medieval Period, Early Slavs, Roman Archaeology, and 7 moreEarly Medieval And Medieval Settlement (Archaeology), Slavic Archaeology, Landscape Archaeology, Slavic Studies, Archaeology Of The Migration Period And The Early Middle Ages, Palaeoecology, and Palaeoclimatology edit
У монографії розглянуто матеріали з тваринництва і мисливства у слов’ян передодня утворення Давньої Русі — волинцевсько-роменських і райковецьких пам’яток, останньої чверті І тис. н. е. Проаналізовано близько 40 археозоологічних... more
У монографії розглянуто матеріали з тваринництва і мисливства у слов’ян передодня утворення Давньої Русі — волинцевсько-роменських і райковецьких пам’яток, останньої чверті І тис. н. е.
Проаналізовано близько 40 археозоологічних комплексів та знаряддя, що характеризують обидві галузі. Встановлено суттєву подібність тваринництва, відмінності у значенні мисливства. Проаналізовано ймовірні впливи на тваринництво з боку сусідів.
Для археологів, істориків, етнографів, краєзнавців, викладачів і студентів вищих закладів освіти, а також усіх, хто цікавиться історією.
Проаналізовано близько 40 археозоологічних комплексів та знаряддя, що характеризують обидві галузі. Встановлено суттєву подібність тваринництва, відмінності у значенні мисливства. Проаналізовано ймовірні впливи на тваринництво з боку сусідів.
Для археологів, істориків, етнографів, краєзнавців, викладачів і студентів вищих закладів освіти, а також усіх, хто цікавиться історією.
Research Interests:
Монографія присвячена вивченню господарства населення юхнівської культури раннього залізного віку лісової смуги Східної Європи. На підставі наявних матеріалів максимально повно проаналізовані землеробство, тваринництво, мисливство і... more
Монографія присвячена вивченню господарства населення юхнівської культури раннього залізного віку лісової смуги Східної Європи. На підставі наявних матеріалів максимально повно проаналізовані землеробство, тваринництво, мисливство і рибальство цієї спільноти. Подано загальну характеристику культури і докази тваринницько-землеробського характеру господарства з доволі розвиненим рибальством.
Для археологів, істориків, музейних працівників, краєзнавців та всіх, хто цікавиться минулим стародавніх народів.
Для археологів, істориків, музейних працівників, краєзнавців та всіх, хто цікавиться минулим стародавніх народів.
Research Interests:
У монографії систематизовано матеріали досліджень і узагальнено дані стосовно розвитку та змін землеробства слов’ян упродовж ІІІ ст. до н. е. — X ст. н. е. на основі археологічних джерел із залученням великого обсягу етнографічних і... more
У монографії систематизовано матеріали досліджень і узагальнено дані стосовно розвитку та змін землеробства слов’ян упродовж
ІІІ ст. до н. е. — X ст. н. е. на основі археологічних джерел із залученням великого обсягу етнографічних і природничих матеріалів.
Для археологів, істориків, етнографів, краєзнавців, викладачів і студентів вищих навчальних закладів.
ІІІ ст. до н. е. — X ст. н. е. на основі археологічних джерел із залученням великого обсягу етнографічних і природничих матеріалів.
Для археологів, істориків, етнографів, краєзнавців, викладачів і студентів вищих навчальних закладів.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Archaeology, Archaeobotany, Landscape Archaeology, Archaeozoology, Archaeological Method & Theory, and 12 moreUkrainian Studies, Early Medieval Archaeology, Medieval Archaeology, Paleoethnobotany, Palaeoecology, Slavic, Archeobotany, Slavic Studies, Slavic Archaeology, Palaeoethnobotany, Palaeoeconomy, and Early Slavs
Antes at Kyiv Podil: first complex botanic research of Penkivka culture materials The article is devoted to the publication of the results of paleobotanical and anthracological studies of biological materials from the structure of the... more
Antes at Kyiv Podil: first complex botanic research of Penkivka culture materials
The article is devoted to the publication of the results of paleobotanical and anthracological studies of biological materials from the structure of the Penkivka culture, discovered in Kyiv during scientific and rescue archaeological research in the Nizhnyoyurkivska str., 2 in Podil. In the course of research, sporadic soil filtration was carried out in order to obtain additional information about small biological remains. The samples come mainly from the filling of the oven. Also, a small number of the samples were collected at the level of the lower part of the building. Material was sent for a manual sorting for the further analysis. The rinsing has helped to obtain the small quantity of ichtyologic materials; using the flotation method, the remnants of botanic descent were picked and they are the object of this publication. 43 charcoal samples were analyzed. The result of the research is obtaining the first anthracological materials from the Penkivka culture object and the addition of the paleoethnobotany database. According to anthracology, the use of two types of trees is determined: common pine and oak. Both of these breeds are native to Polissia, where they are widely used in the economy (for construction, as fuel, etc.). The paleobotanic indexes are quantitatively equal enough to the ones, already defined for Penkivka culture, with the total advantage of millet (over the half) and a sufficient fraction of barley. These indexes are also quite equal to the Prague culture. However, these indexes, if mass-calculated, slightly differ from the Prague culture objects. The nearest object of Prague culture in terms of chronology and territory (Kyrylivska str., 37, 2016) demonstrates an extraordinary similarity of indications. According to the results of statistical and comparative analyzes of paleoethnobotanical materials, it should be stated that, perhaps, among the bearers of the Penkivka culture, farming was more extensive than that of the Prague culture.
Keywords: Ancient Kyiv, Kyiv Podil, Penkivka culture, anthracology, paleoethnobotany.
The article is devoted to the publication of the results of paleobotanical and anthracological studies of biological materials from the structure of the Penkivka culture, discovered in Kyiv during scientific and rescue archaeological research in the Nizhnyoyurkivska str., 2 in Podil. In the course of research, sporadic soil filtration was carried out in order to obtain additional information about small biological remains. The samples come mainly from the filling of the oven. Also, a small number of the samples were collected at the level of the lower part of the building. Material was sent for a manual sorting for the further analysis. The rinsing has helped to obtain the small quantity of ichtyologic materials; using the flotation method, the remnants of botanic descent were picked and they are the object of this publication. 43 charcoal samples were analyzed. The result of the research is obtaining the first anthracological materials from the Penkivka culture object and the addition of the paleoethnobotany database. According to anthracology, the use of two types of trees is determined: common pine and oak. Both of these breeds are native to Polissia, where they are widely used in the economy (for construction, as fuel, etc.). The paleobotanic indexes are quantitatively equal enough to the ones, already defined for Penkivka culture, with the total advantage of millet (over the half) and a sufficient fraction of barley. These indexes are also quite equal to the Prague culture. However, these indexes, if mass-calculated, slightly differ from the Prague culture objects. The nearest object of Prague culture in terms of chronology and territory (Kyrylivska str., 37, 2016) demonstrates an extraordinary similarity of indications. According to the results of statistical and comparative analyzes of paleoethnobotanical materials, it should be stated that, perhaps, among the bearers of the Penkivka culture, farming was more extensive than that of the Prague culture.
Keywords: Ancient Kyiv, Kyiv Podil, Penkivka culture, anthracology, paleoethnobotany.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
S. A. Gorbanenko COCKLEBUR IN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL CHRONICLE OF UKRAINE In the article, data on common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) finds from the archaeological sites of modern Ukraine is collected and organized. Three of them come... more
S. A. Gorbanenko
COCKLEBUR IN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL CHRONICLE OF UKRAINE
In the article, data on common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) finds from the archaeological sites of modern Ukraine is collected and organized. Three of them come from the Scythian period sites. The first find (Bilsk, Poltava Oblast) comes from random sample. Two more finds (Tsyrkuny and Novoselivka, Kharkiv Oblast) are represented by prints on clay objects. They were discovered as a result of a purposeful inspection of ceramics in order to search for palaeoethnobotanical materials. Two other items were found on ancient Rus sites, where burnt material was collected. In the first case (Manzheliia, Poltava Oblast) the material was examined during the classical excavations. Palaeoethnobotanical remains were in clearly visible accumulations. In the second case (Peresopnytsia, Rivne Oblast) the material was obtained by soil flotation.
The territory of modern Ukraine is located at the crossroads of land routes and waterways of Eurasia. It is a part of the path of constant migration from Asia to Europe. We can assume that at least in the early Iron Age, due to the nomads, the common cocklebur had already reached the territory of modern Ukraine. The earlier appearance of this plant in the area can be considered purely hypothetically, only on the grounds that in the western territories it was discovered at the sites of the end of the Bronze Age / beginning of the Early Iron Age. According to isolated materials from the Scythian period sites and from ancient Rus dwellings in Peresopnytsia, it is difficult to assume something about the use of common cocklebur.
According to the materials from Manzhelia (several dozens of fruits), it is possible to presume purposeful collecting of cocklebur, probably as a medicinal plant.
The presented findings are important for the restoration of the penetration history of common cocklebur into Europe.
Keywords: archaeology, palaeoethnobotany, Ukraine, Eastern Europe, common cocklebur, Xanthium strumarium L., the Scythians, the Slavs.
COCKLEBUR IN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL CHRONICLE OF UKRAINE
In the article, data on common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) finds from the archaeological sites of modern Ukraine is collected and organized. Three of them come from the Scythian period sites. The first find (Bilsk, Poltava Oblast) comes from random sample. Two more finds (Tsyrkuny and Novoselivka, Kharkiv Oblast) are represented by prints on clay objects. They were discovered as a result of a purposeful inspection of ceramics in order to search for palaeoethnobotanical materials. Two other items were found on ancient Rus sites, where burnt material was collected. In the first case (Manzheliia, Poltava Oblast) the material was examined during the classical excavations. Palaeoethnobotanical remains were in clearly visible accumulations. In the second case (Peresopnytsia, Rivne Oblast) the material was obtained by soil flotation.
The territory of modern Ukraine is located at the crossroads of land routes and waterways of Eurasia. It is a part of the path of constant migration from Asia to Europe. We can assume that at least in the early Iron Age, due to the nomads, the common cocklebur had already reached the territory of modern Ukraine. The earlier appearance of this plant in the area can be considered purely hypothetically, only on the grounds that in the western territories it was discovered at the sites of the end of the Bronze Age / beginning of the Early Iron Age. According to isolated materials from the Scythian period sites and from ancient Rus dwellings in Peresopnytsia, it is difficult to assume something about the use of common cocklebur.
According to the materials from Manzhelia (several dozens of fruits), it is possible to presume purposeful collecting of cocklebur, probably as a medicinal plant.
The presented findings are important for the restoration of the penetration history of common cocklebur into Europe.
Keywords: archaeology, palaeoethnobotany, Ukraine, Eastern Europe, common cocklebur, Xanthium strumarium L., the Scythians, the Slavs.
Research Interests:
V. I. Kvitkovski, L. V. Horobets, S. A. Gorbanenko The rooster in the Saltiv culture In 2016, the Slobozhanska Early Medieval Archaeological Expedition has excavated the complex 16 — a pit-cellar, quite typical for sites of the... more
V. I. Kvitkovski, L. V. Horobets, S. A. Gorbanenko
The rooster in the Saltiv culture
In 2016, the Slobozhanska Early Medieval Archaeological Expedition has excavated the complex 16 — a pit-cellar, quite typical for sites of the forest-steppe variant of the Saltiv culture in the Siverskyi Dinets basin. The small material is also quite typical for the Saltiv population. The pottery is represented by two fragments of pithos and a fragment of an amphora handle with a neck. The kitchenware from the assemblage was a hand-made: touched up on a potter’s wheel and shaped by hand. The handle and walls of the jars of good quality were also found.
The compact find of five bones of roosters tarsometatarsus from the filling of the assemblage attracts attention. This paper attempts to analyze this unique find. The role and significance of the bird in the Saltiv culture is also analyzed.
The birds were of normal size, the length of the bones differs from the roosters from earlier sites as well as from some modern outbred roosters by less than 1 cm. Signs that they were fighting roosters (as a result of fights, the birds get leg injuries which remain the marks on the bones) are visible. The small number of finds of chickens in general at the sites of the Saltiv culture does not allow us to claim that they were used in the economy.
Currently, this is only the second find of tarsometatarsi of roosters at the sites of the Saltiv culture (the first one comes from the so-called ritual assemblage from Mayaki). In the scientific literature, accordingly, there have been no attempts to interpret such cases. Taking into account the historiographic review of the problems of interpretation of roosters in general from archaeological sites, we come to the conclusion that the tarsometatarsus of roosters could be a symbol (amulets) of bravery and militancy, respectively, most likely, of warriors. And the act of burying this symbol (amulets) can be an act of taking away the powers of a warrior.
Keywords: Saltiv cultural-historical community, tarsometatarsus, rooster, ritual, amulet.
The rooster in the Saltiv culture
In 2016, the Slobozhanska Early Medieval Archaeological Expedition has excavated the complex 16 — a pit-cellar, quite typical for sites of the forest-steppe variant of the Saltiv culture in the Siverskyi Dinets basin. The small material is also quite typical for the Saltiv population. The pottery is represented by two fragments of pithos and a fragment of an amphora handle with a neck. The kitchenware from the assemblage was a hand-made: touched up on a potter’s wheel and shaped by hand. The handle and walls of the jars of good quality were also found.
The compact find of five bones of roosters tarsometatarsus from the filling of the assemblage attracts attention. This paper attempts to analyze this unique find. The role and significance of the bird in the Saltiv culture is also analyzed.
The birds were of normal size, the length of the bones differs from the roosters from earlier sites as well as from some modern outbred roosters by less than 1 cm. Signs that they were fighting roosters (as a result of fights, the birds get leg injuries which remain the marks on the bones) are visible. The small number of finds of chickens in general at the sites of the Saltiv culture does not allow us to claim that they were used in the economy.
Currently, this is only the second find of tarsometatarsi of roosters at the sites of the Saltiv culture (the first one comes from the so-called ritual assemblage from Mayaki). In the scientific literature, accordingly, there have been no attempts to interpret such cases. Taking into account the historiographic review of the problems of interpretation of roosters in general from archaeological sites, we come to the conclusion that the tarsometatarsus of roosters could be a symbol (amulets) of bravery and militancy, respectively, most likely, of warriors. And the act of burying this symbol (amulets) can be an act of taking away the powers of a warrior.
Keywords: Saltiv cultural-historical community, tarsometatarsus, rooster, ritual, amulet.
Research Interests:
I. V. Pogorzhelska, S. A. Gorbanenko Imprints of fabrics on materials from Slavic sites of the last quarter of the first millennium AD The article is devoted to the analysis of the state of research and the introduction into scientific... more
I. V. Pogorzhelska, S. A. Gorbanenko
Imprints of fabrics on materials from Slavic sites of the last quarter of the first millennium AD
The article is devoted to the analysis of the state of research and the introduction into scientific circulation of data on Slavic fabrics of the last quarter of the first millennium AD. In order to establish potential research opportunities, the general state of the study of fabrics in Ukraine according to archeological remains is examined.
Until now, the fabrics of the Slavs of the last quarter of the first millennium AD on the territory of modern Ukraine did not become the subject of research. Their study is now available on the basis of fabric prints on clay products (13), as well as on the iron plate (1); the findings of actual fabrics of this period are currently unknown to us. Such prints should be considered accidental, and their findings are extremely rare. It is hardly possible to count on further fast filling of this database.
Local fabrication is not in doubt. Potentially, the existence of raw materials is evidenced by biological definitions (plants — flax and hemp; animals — sheep / goats) and the existence of the possibility of getting wool (spring scissors). The findings of spindle whorls directly certify the manufacture of threads.
According to the imprints of the fibers, the existence of threads of both plant and animal origin was established. In four cases from Radychivske 3, the use of a stronger thread of vegetable origin for the warp and of animal thread for wefting was witnessed. In this way a better wear resistance of the fabric was achieved.
The fabrics were plain weave, mostly the simplest, but from Radychivskе 3 comes its more complex type — mat R 4/4. The prevalence of this type should be left in question.
A wide range of thread compressibility is indicated. It is from 0.03 to 2.5 mm. However, the thinnest of them probably indicate the wear of the fabric. Accordingly, the tissue density also differed significantly. The imprint with the densest weave — 23 × 23 n./cm2 , comes from an iron plate. Probably, accidental prints on ceramics indicate that the potter may have had a rag of coarse cloth under his hands.
Twist types (S and Z) are unlikely to reflect technological processes; instead, they may indicate the protective nature of the manufacture of threads. The twist angle (giving strength to the thread), which indicates the use of stronger threads for the warp is more important.
Thus, the production of fabrics by the Slavs of the last quarter of the first millennium AD on the territory of modern Ukraine should be considered predominantly simple (though not primitive). Craftsmen used different raw materials, knew their benefits and could combine threads in the manufacture of fabric to improve its durability. The same is evidenced by the use of threads with different twisting angles.
Keywords: The Slavs, the last quarter of the 1st millennium AD., weaving, fabric imprints, warp, weft, twist.
Imprints of fabrics on materials from Slavic sites of the last quarter of the first millennium AD
The article is devoted to the analysis of the state of research and the introduction into scientific circulation of data on Slavic fabrics of the last quarter of the first millennium AD. In order to establish potential research opportunities, the general state of the study of fabrics in Ukraine according to archeological remains is examined.
Until now, the fabrics of the Slavs of the last quarter of the first millennium AD on the territory of modern Ukraine did not become the subject of research. Their study is now available on the basis of fabric prints on clay products (13), as well as on the iron plate (1); the findings of actual fabrics of this period are currently unknown to us. Such prints should be considered accidental, and their findings are extremely rare. It is hardly possible to count on further fast filling of this database.
Local fabrication is not in doubt. Potentially, the existence of raw materials is evidenced by biological definitions (plants — flax and hemp; animals — sheep / goats) and the existence of the possibility of getting wool (spring scissors). The findings of spindle whorls directly certify the manufacture of threads.
According to the imprints of the fibers, the existence of threads of both plant and animal origin was established. In four cases from Radychivske 3, the use of a stronger thread of vegetable origin for the warp and of animal thread for wefting was witnessed. In this way a better wear resistance of the fabric was achieved.
The fabrics were plain weave, mostly the simplest, but from Radychivskе 3 comes its more complex type — mat R 4/4. The prevalence of this type should be left in question.
A wide range of thread compressibility is indicated. It is from 0.03 to 2.5 mm. However, the thinnest of them probably indicate the wear of the fabric. Accordingly, the tissue density also differed significantly. The imprint with the densest weave — 23 × 23 n./cm2 , comes from an iron plate. Probably, accidental prints on ceramics indicate that the potter may have had a rag of coarse cloth under his hands.
Twist types (S and Z) are unlikely to reflect technological processes; instead, they may indicate the protective nature of the manufacture of threads. The twist angle (giving strength to the thread), which indicates the use of stronger threads for the warp is more important.
Thus, the production of fabrics by the Slavs of the last quarter of the first millennium AD on the territory of modern Ukraine should be considered predominantly simple (though not primitive). Craftsmen used different raw materials, knew their benefits and could combine threads in the manufacture of fabric to improve its durability. The same is evidenced by the use of threads with different twisting angles.
Keywords: The Slavs, the last quarter of the 1st millennium AD., weaving, fabric imprints, warp, weft, twist.
Research Interests:
Archaeology, Ukrainian Studies, Early Medieval Archaeology, Medieval Archaeology, Ukraine (History), and 9 moreEarly Medieval Europe (Archaeology), Slavic, Ukrainian History, Slavic Studies, Archaeological textiles, Slavic Archaeology, Archaeological textiles and clothing, Old Slavic/Bulgarian language, and imprints on ceramics
I. V. Pohorzhelska, S. A. Gorbanenko Slavic Textiles of the Last Quarter of the 1st Millennium AD: Study Results The article is devoted to the analysis of the state of research and the introduction into scientific circulation of data on... more
I. V. Pohorzhelska, S. A. Gorbanenko
Slavic Textiles of the Last Quarter of the 1st Millennium AD: Study Results
The article is devoted to the analysis of the state of research and the introduction into scientific circulation of data on Slavic fabrics of the last quarter of the first millennium AD. In order to establish potential research opportunities, the general state of the study of fabrics in Ukraine according to archaeological remains is examined.
Until now, the fabrics of the Slavs of the first quarter of the 1st millennium AD on the territory of modern Ukraine have not been studied. Their study is now available on the basis of fabric prints on clay products (13), as well as on the iron plate (1); the findings of actual fabrics of this period are currently unknown to the researchers. Such prints should be considered accidental, and their findings are extremely rare. It is hardly possible to count on further fast filling of this database.
Local fabrication is not in doubt. Potentially, the existence of raw materials is evidenced by biological definitions (plants — flax and hemp; animals — sheep / goats) and the existence of the possibility of getting wool (spring scissors). The findings of spindle whorls directly certify the manufacture of threads.
According to the imprints of the fibers, the existence of threads of both plant and animal origin was established. In four cases from Radychivske 3, the use of a stronger thread of vegetable origin for the warp and of animal thread for wefting was witnessed. In this way a better wear resistance of the fabric was achieved.
The fabrics were plain weave, mostly the simplest, but from Radychivskе 3 comes their more complex type — mat R 4/4. The prevalence of this type should be left in question.
A wide range of thread compressibility is indicated. It is from 0.03 to 2.5 mm. However, the thinnest of them probably indicate the wear of the fabric. Accordingly, the tissue density also differed significantly. The imprint with the densest weave — 23 × 23 n./cm2, comes from an iron plate. Probably, accidental prints on ceramics indicate that the potter may have had a rag of coarse cloth under his hands.
Twist types (S and Z) are unlikely to reflect technological processes; instead, they may indicate the protective nature of the manufacture of threads. The twist angle (giving strength to the thread), which indicates the use of stronger threads for the warp is more important.
Thus, the production of fabrics by the Slavs of the first quarter of the 1st millennium AD on the territory of modern Ukraine should be considered predominantly simple (though not primitive). Craftsmen used different raw materials, knew their benefits and could combine threads in the manufacture of fabric to improve its durability. The same is evidenced by the use of threads with different twisting angles.
Keywords: the Slavs, the last quarter of the 1st millennium AD, weaving, fabric imprints, warp, weft, twist.
Slavic Textiles of the Last Quarter of the 1st Millennium AD: Study Results
The article is devoted to the analysis of the state of research and the introduction into scientific circulation of data on Slavic fabrics of the last quarter of the first millennium AD. In order to establish potential research opportunities, the general state of the study of fabrics in Ukraine according to archaeological remains is examined.
Until now, the fabrics of the Slavs of the first quarter of the 1st millennium AD on the territory of modern Ukraine have not been studied. Their study is now available on the basis of fabric prints on clay products (13), as well as on the iron plate (1); the findings of actual fabrics of this period are currently unknown to the researchers. Such prints should be considered accidental, and their findings are extremely rare. It is hardly possible to count on further fast filling of this database.
Local fabrication is not in doubt. Potentially, the existence of raw materials is evidenced by biological definitions (plants — flax and hemp; animals — sheep / goats) and the existence of the possibility of getting wool (spring scissors). The findings of spindle whorls directly certify the manufacture of threads.
According to the imprints of the fibers, the existence of threads of both plant and animal origin was established. In four cases from Radychivske 3, the use of a stronger thread of vegetable origin for the warp and of animal thread for wefting was witnessed. In this way a better wear resistance of the fabric was achieved.
The fabrics were plain weave, mostly the simplest, but from Radychivskе 3 comes their more complex type — mat R 4/4. The prevalence of this type should be left in question.
A wide range of thread compressibility is indicated. It is from 0.03 to 2.5 mm. However, the thinnest of them probably indicate the wear of the fabric. Accordingly, the tissue density also differed significantly. The imprint with the densest weave — 23 × 23 n./cm2, comes from an iron plate. Probably, accidental prints on ceramics indicate that the potter may have had a rag of coarse cloth under his hands.
Twist types (S and Z) are unlikely to reflect technological processes; instead, they may indicate the protective nature of the manufacture of threads. The twist angle (giving strength to the thread), which indicates the use of stronger threads for the warp is more important.
Thus, the production of fabrics by the Slavs of the first quarter of the 1st millennium AD on the territory of modern Ukraine should be considered predominantly simple (though not primitive). Craftsmen used different raw materials, knew their benefits and could combine threads in the manufacture of fabric to improve its durability. The same is evidenced by the use of threads with different twisting angles.
Keywords: the Slavs, the last quarter of the 1st millennium AD, weaving, fabric imprints, warp, weft, twist.
Research Interests:
Archaeology, Ukrainian Studies, Early Medieval Archaeology, Early Medieval And Medieval Settlement (Archaeology), Ukraine (History), and 10 moreSlavic, Ukraine, Ukrainian History, Slavic Studies, Archaeological textiles, Slavic Archaeology, Archaeological textiles and clothing, Mediaval Archaeology, History of Textiles Textile Archaeology Archaeological textiles and clothing Medieval Textiles and Clothing, and imprints on ceramics
A. V. Stupak, S. A. Gorbanenko The main milestones of the arhaeozoological studies in Ukraine The primary focus of this research is the history of archaeozoological studies in Ukraine. Like every scientific branch, the development of... more
A. V. Stupak, S. A. Gorbanenko
The main milestones of the arhaeozoological studies in Ukraine
The primary focus of this research is the history of archaeozoological studies in Ukraine. Like every scientific branch, the development of archaeozoology has the stages of its beginning, generation, and separation of individual scientific discipline. The rise of scientific interest in the evolutionary process and fossil fauna at the end of the 19th century promote the investigation of the faunal remains of the relative modern geological period — Quaternary. The large number of ungulates faunal remains of this period was found on archaeological sites.
Olexandr Brauner, was the first zoologist who worked with the faunal remains from archeological sites of Kherson region. As an archaeozoologist, V. Gromova actively participated in the research of faunal collections from the different archaeological sites of Ukraine. She compiled the almost first atlases of mammals anatomy for archaeozoologists.
Ivan Pidoplichko is the founder of the archaeozoological school in Ukraine. His professional career began from organization of the working group of archaeozoologists to the head of the Paleozoological department of the Institute of Zoology of Academy of Sciences of UkrSSR (now Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology). Ivan Pidoplichko also is the founder of the National Museum of Natural history which is one of the centers of archaeozoological studies. Well known archaeozoologists such as V. Bibikva, N. Bilan (Tymchenko), N. Kornijetz, V. Topachevski, P. Puchkov, and O. Zhuravliov worked under the lead of Ivan Pidoplichko. In the 1970s O. Zhuravliov started to work in the Institute of Archaeology Academy of Sciences of the UkrSSR. During the last two decadesYe. Yanish, M. Kublij, T. Bitkovska, A. Stupak and O. Seniuk joined archaeozoological studies. The current archaeozoology studies in Ukraine are still developing.
Keywords: archaeozoology, history of science, teriology, biography.
The main milestones of the arhaeozoological studies in Ukraine
The primary focus of this research is the history of archaeozoological studies in Ukraine. Like every scientific branch, the development of archaeozoology has the stages of its beginning, generation, and separation of individual scientific discipline. The rise of scientific interest in the evolutionary process and fossil fauna at the end of the 19th century promote the investigation of the faunal remains of the relative modern geological period — Quaternary. The large number of ungulates faunal remains of this period was found on archaeological sites.
Olexandr Brauner, was the first zoologist who worked with the faunal remains from archeological sites of Kherson region. As an archaeozoologist, V. Gromova actively participated in the research of faunal collections from the different archaeological sites of Ukraine. She compiled the almost first atlases of mammals anatomy for archaeozoologists.
Ivan Pidoplichko is the founder of the archaeozoological school in Ukraine. His professional career began from organization of the working group of archaeozoologists to the head of the Paleozoological department of the Institute of Zoology of Academy of Sciences of UkrSSR (now Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology). Ivan Pidoplichko also is the founder of the National Museum of Natural history which is one of the centers of archaeozoological studies. Well known archaeozoologists such as V. Bibikva, N. Bilan (Tymchenko), N. Kornijetz, V. Topachevski, P. Puchkov, and O. Zhuravliov worked under the lead of Ivan Pidoplichko. In the 1970s O. Zhuravliov started to work in the Institute of Archaeology Academy of Sciences of the UkrSSR. During the last two decadesYe. Yanish, M. Kublij, T. Bitkovska, A. Stupak and O. Seniuk joined archaeozoological studies. The current archaeozoology studies in Ukraine are still developing.
Keywords: archaeozoology, history of science, teriology, biography.
Research Interests:
S. A. Gorbanenko NOTES IN THE MARGINS Professional activity of B. A. Shramko left behind a large layer of scientific research (in the form of scientific literature), correspondence with other scientists and museum storage units. The value... more
S. A. Gorbanenko
NOTES IN THE MARGINS
Professional activity of B. A. Shramko left behind a large layer of scientific research (in the form of scientific literature), correspondence with other scientists and museum storage units. The value of the former is still difficult to overestimate, the latter is still waiting for its researcher, and the third is still a source for analysis and publication. We pay attention to a small part of the activity that links all these categories, but remains widely invisible. The article discusses the establishment of cooperation between B. A. Shramko and palaeoethnobotanists.
Key words: B. A. Shramko, palaeoethnobotany, charred remains, imprints on ceramics.
NOTES IN THE MARGINS
Professional activity of B. A. Shramko left behind a large layer of scientific research (in the form of scientific literature), correspondence with other scientists and museum storage units. The value of the former is still difficult to overestimate, the latter is still waiting for its researcher, and the third is still a source for analysis and publication. We pay attention to a small part of the activity that links all these categories, but remains widely invisible. The article discusses the establishment of cooperation between B. A. Shramko and palaeoethnobotanists.
Key words: B. A. Shramko, palaeoethnobotany, charred remains, imprints on ceramics.
Research Interests:
Нещодавно вийшло наше дослідження про окремі прояви культових дій слов’ян, що залишили слід на побутових повсякденних речах (Горбаненко (ред.) 2020; відгук на працю див. у цьому збірнику). Доки воно готувалось до друку, завдяки... more
Нещодавно вийшло наше дослідження про окремі прояви культових дій слов’ян, що залишили слід на побутових повсякденних речах (Горбаненко (ред.) 2020; відгук на працю див. у цьому збірнику). Доки воно готувалось до друку, завдяки надходженню нових матеріалів стало можливим чіткіше окреслити роль і місце окремих наведених в ньому положень. Ця замітка присвячена встановленню значення жаровні як предмету побутового культу у східних слов’ян кінця І — початку ІІ тис. н. е.
Research Interests:
Serhiy Gorbanenko Agriculture, Hardened in Clay The author has accumulated and organized clay finds that have agricultural symbols in the article. The material is represented by products from the Neolithic period, when pottery was... more
Serhiy Gorbanenko
Agriculture, Hardened in Clay
The author has accumulated and organized clay finds that have agricultural symbols in the article. The material is represented by products from the Neolithic period, when pottery was originated and, accordingly, ornamentation and technologies began to develop.
There are two categories of artefacts: objects with agricultural images; products with added grains of cultivated plants. Products with images are represented by household items: utensils and spindles. There are both primitive realistic images and abstract symbols that are interpreted as agricultural. Primitive realistic images include drawings that schematically like to spikelets (dishes of the Trypillia culture, spindles of the Early Iron Age) and ploughing tools (ware of the Eneolithic period, Lengyel culture, spindles of the Early Iron Age). The calendar with agricultural signs from Lepesivka site of Chernyakhiv culture can be included to the conditionally abstract symbolism.
The other type of agriculture tradition is the deliberate process of admixture of the grain to the clay products. It includes the most popular items: cult figurines, "small loafs", commonware and parts of stoves. There is a set of clay models, which included a plow, a yoke, as well as bull figurines (Early Iron Age, Bilsk settlement). This set also brightly illustrates the farming traditions of the ancient population. All these examples emphasize the importance of agriculture in the different peoples, who lived mainly on the reproduction of the economy. The purpose of my essay is only to pay attention to this interesting phenomenon of perception of the world through the prism of a combination of two traditional industries: agriculture and pottery.
Keywords: Ukrainian ceramology, archaeological ceramology, pottery, clay items, images, paleoethnobotany, agriculture, ancient beliefs.
Agriculture, Hardened in Clay
The author has accumulated and organized clay finds that have agricultural symbols in the article. The material is represented by products from the Neolithic period, when pottery was originated and, accordingly, ornamentation and technologies began to develop.
There are two categories of artefacts: objects with agricultural images; products with added grains of cultivated plants. Products with images are represented by household items: utensils and spindles. There are both primitive realistic images and abstract symbols that are interpreted as agricultural. Primitive realistic images include drawings that schematically like to spikelets (dishes of the Trypillia culture, spindles of the Early Iron Age) and ploughing tools (ware of the Eneolithic period, Lengyel culture, spindles of the Early Iron Age). The calendar with agricultural signs from Lepesivka site of Chernyakhiv culture can be included to the conditionally abstract symbolism.
The other type of agriculture tradition is the deliberate process of admixture of the grain to the clay products. It includes the most popular items: cult figurines, "small loafs", commonware and parts of stoves. There is a set of clay models, which included a plow, a yoke, as well as bull figurines (Early Iron Age, Bilsk settlement). This set also brightly illustrates the farming traditions of the ancient population. All these examples emphasize the importance of agriculture in the different peoples, who lived mainly on the reproduction of the economy. The purpose of my essay is only to pay attention to this interesting phenomenon of perception of the world through the prism of a combination of two traditional industries: agriculture and pottery.
Keywords: Ukrainian ceramology, archaeological ceramology, pottery, clay items, images, paleoethnobotany, agriculture, ancient beliefs.
Research Interests:
S. A. Gorbanenko, L. P. Mykhailyna Iron agricultural tools from Rene Iron agricultural tools from the Revne agglomeration of Slavs of the 8th—10th centuries is analyzed in the paper. The complex is one of the outstanding sites of the... more
S. A. Gorbanenko, L. P. Mykhailyna
Iron agricultural tools from Rene
Iron agricultural tools from the Revne agglomeration of Slavs of the 8th—10th centuries is analyzed in the paper. The complex is one of the outstanding sites of the Eastern croats Slavic tribal group in the Ukrainian carpathian region (fig. 1). During ca. 50 years of stationary and supervisory explorations almost complete set of agricultural tools for primary and secondary till-age and for harvesting has been accumulated.
The paper provides detailed description of the tools. comparative analysis of the materials in geographical environment was carried out both in the area of Raiky culture and synchronous and chronologically close cultures and sites. Iron parts of plow-type tools certify a high level of technical equipment for tillage. Asymmetrical heads are inherent in bow ard. This plow-type tool had the head with iron wide-bladed tip posed horizon-tally to the ground and also knife coulter and mould-board. Arable tools of this type cutted and turned the soil. Their use indicates the highest level of development of technical capabilities of tillage in the area of Raiky culture and synchronous archaeological cultures (fig. 2—4, 9). Hoes of two types are presented: the socketed items with a vertical open socket and those with a horizontal solid socket. Both types are well-known (the first type is much more common) but functionally there is no difference between them. Their analogies are common in the area of Raiky culture and synchro-nous surrounding (fig. 5, 6, 9).
The harvesting process can be considered traditional for the people of Raiky culture. However there are insignificant differences comparing to the aggregate data. Thus, scythes with a curved handle (mainly used for haymaking and possibly for harvesting cereals with a tight ear) have not yet been occurred in Revne. How-ever, such findings are generally much less common than sickles (fig. 7—9).
The complex of iron agricultural tools shows the highest level of development of agriculture in the people of Raiky culture. comparative analysis with other cultural and ethnic groups of the late 1st millennium AD in central and Eastern Europe also shows that the level of agriculture is close to the achievements of the Saltiv culture.
Keywords: Revne, Raiky culture, agriculture, tools, tillage, harvesting.
Iron agricultural tools from Rene
Iron agricultural tools from the Revne agglomeration of Slavs of the 8th—10th centuries is analyzed in the paper. The complex is one of the outstanding sites of the Eastern croats Slavic tribal group in the Ukrainian carpathian region (fig. 1). During ca. 50 years of stationary and supervisory explorations almost complete set of agricultural tools for primary and secondary till-age and for harvesting has been accumulated.
The paper provides detailed description of the tools. comparative analysis of the materials in geographical environment was carried out both in the area of Raiky culture and synchronous and chronologically close cultures and sites. Iron parts of plow-type tools certify a high level of technical equipment for tillage. Asymmetrical heads are inherent in bow ard. This plow-type tool had the head with iron wide-bladed tip posed horizon-tally to the ground and also knife coulter and mould-board. Arable tools of this type cutted and turned the soil. Their use indicates the highest level of development of technical capabilities of tillage in the area of Raiky culture and synchronous archaeological cultures (fig. 2—4, 9). Hoes of two types are presented: the socketed items with a vertical open socket and those with a horizontal solid socket. Both types are well-known (the first type is much more common) but functionally there is no difference between them. Their analogies are common in the area of Raiky culture and synchro-nous surrounding (fig. 5, 6, 9).
The harvesting process can be considered traditional for the people of Raiky culture. However there are insignificant differences comparing to the aggregate data. Thus, scythes with a curved handle (mainly used for haymaking and possibly for harvesting cereals with a tight ear) have not yet been occurred in Revne. How-ever, such findings are generally much less common than sickles (fig. 7—9).
The complex of iron agricultural tools shows the highest level of development of agriculture in the people of Raiky culture. comparative analysis with other cultural and ethnic groups of the late 1st millennium AD in central and Eastern Europe also shows that the level of agriculture is close to the achievements of the Saltiv culture.
Keywords: Revne, Raiky culture, agriculture, tools, tillage, harvesting.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Ягодинська, М. О., Горбаненко, С. А. 2021. Землеробство в межиріччі Дністра та Ікви у давньоруський час (за археологічними даними) (Agriculture in the Interfluve of Dniester and Ikva at Old Russian Period According to Archaeological Findings). Археологія і давня історія України, 1 (38), с. 408—424.more
M. O. Yahodynska, S. A. Gorbanenko Agriculture in the interfluve of Dniester and Ikva at Old Russian period according to archaeological findings The article sums up the results of archaeological investigations of the settlements of South... more
M. O. Yahodynska, S. A. Gorbanenko Agriculture in the interfluve of Dniester and Ikva at Old Russian period according to archaeological findings
The article sums up the results of archaeological investigations of the settlements of South Volyn (the territory around annalistic Danyliv town) and Western Podillia (the territory of sites complex of Zbruch cultural center, annalistic Terebovlia). Authors conducted generalization of findings of agriculture implements, white straw crops remains and supplemented source base. During archaeological investigations of the settlements and fortified settlements of Western Podillia and South Volyn at the end of 20th — beginning of 21th centuries scientists discovered 64 metal objects connected with agriculture found at 14 sites and palaeoethnobotanical materials at 11 sites (table 1; fig. 1). Functionally metal objects divide into tools connected with land cultivating: tips on plowing tools (4), coulter (2) (fig. 2), hoes (3) and shovels ironing (4) (fig. 3); and the tools for harvesting: sickles (33; fig. 6) and scythes (18; fig. 7). Only one palaeoethnobotanical complex from 11 sites is of interest to statistics (table 2; fig. 5).
Agriculture analysis is conducted according to the process: from land cultivating to preservation and harvest processing. Plowing tools are represented by developed tips types maximally similar to tusks. Findings of coulters prove existence of the most efficient tools of plough type for plowing. Set of ironings for shovels and hoes represents kitchen gardening and horticulture.
One full paleoethnobotanical spectrum connected with the region is derived which helps to characterize grain farming and spectrum indicators resemble early Slavic. At the same time indicators of efficient capricious white straw crops are rather substantial and that proves high level of tillage.
Presence of sickles and scythes is an undoubted proof of local agriculture. For harvest preserving some special grain pits were used.
The survey of materials concerned with agriculture proves its high level. Further thorough and combined investigations will give an opportunity to refine these conclusions and place and role of agriculture in life of ancient communities in the interfluve of Dniester and Ikva at Old Russian period.
Keywords: agriculture, palaeoethnobotany, white straw crops, kitchen gardening, horticulture.
The article sums up the results of archaeological investigations of the settlements of South Volyn (the territory around annalistic Danyliv town) and Western Podillia (the territory of sites complex of Zbruch cultural center, annalistic Terebovlia). Authors conducted generalization of findings of agriculture implements, white straw crops remains and supplemented source base. During archaeological investigations of the settlements and fortified settlements of Western Podillia and South Volyn at the end of 20th — beginning of 21th centuries scientists discovered 64 metal objects connected with agriculture found at 14 sites and palaeoethnobotanical materials at 11 sites (table 1; fig. 1). Functionally metal objects divide into tools connected with land cultivating: tips on plowing tools (4), coulter (2) (fig. 2), hoes (3) and shovels ironing (4) (fig. 3); and the tools for harvesting: sickles (33; fig. 6) and scythes (18; fig. 7). Only one palaeoethnobotanical complex from 11 sites is of interest to statistics (table 2; fig. 5).
Agriculture analysis is conducted according to the process: from land cultivating to preservation and harvest processing. Plowing tools are represented by developed tips types maximally similar to tusks. Findings of coulters prove existence of the most efficient tools of plough type for plowing. Set of ironings for shovels and hoes represents kitchen gardening and horticulture.
One full paleoethnobotanical spectrum connected with the region is derived which helps to characterize grain farming and spectrum indicators resemble early Slavic. At the same time indicators of efficient capricious white straw crops are rather substantial and that proves high level of tillage.
Presence of sickles and scythes is an undoubted proof of local agriculture. For harvest preserving some special grain pits were used.
The survey of materials concerned with agriculture proves its high level. Further thorough and combined investigations will give an opportunity to refine these conclusions and place and role of agriculture in life of ancient communities in the interfluve of Dniester and Ikva at Old Russian period.
Keywords: agriculture, palaeoethnobotany, white straw crops, kitchen gardening, horticulture.
Research Interests:
This article presents the analysis of paleoethnobotanical and anthracological materials from the Slavic Sverdlovske 1 Hillfort (9th—10th cent.). The materials of botanical origin were obtained by flotation during archaeological... more
This article presents the analysis of paleoethnobotanical and anthracological materials from the Slavic Sverdlovske 1 Hillfort (9th—10th cent.). The materials of botanical origin were obtained by flotation during archaeological excavations in 2016–2017. The material comes from dwellings, ovens and utility pits of the Romny Culture. In addition, ceramics of the Romny Culture were examined for grain imprints. The material under study included residues of cultivated plants (proso millet, barley, emmer wheat, soft wheat, rye, peas and lentil), weeds (field bindweed and bristle grasses) and charcoal (pine, oak, birch and poplar or aspen). The high rates of rye, together with almost complete absence of weeds, most likely indicate a slash-and-burn farming. The fuel wood from the site is traditional for forest zone; it is oak, pine, birch and aspen. Construction timber is represented by oak and pine. These types of wood are typical for construction purposes in the region in question. The importance of the obtained data is due to a scanty amount of materials from the Romny Culture sites in the Desna River area. The flotation method allows us to replenish substantially the existing database on paleoethnobotany and wood resourses.
Keywords: Desna River area Middle Ages Early Slavs Volyntseve Culture Romny Culture Paleoethnobotany Charcoal Wood resources.
Keywords: Desna River area Middle Ages Early Slavs Volyntseve Culture Romny Culture Paleoethnobotany Charcoal Wood resources.
Research Interests:
The article compiles and analyzes the definitions of palaeoethnobotanical materials from the excavations of the Bilsk hillfort for half a century. The analysis of grain farming is given. Options for the penetration of palaeoethnobotanical... more
The article compiles and analyzes the definitions of palaeoethnobotanical materials from the excavations of the Bilsk hillfort for half a century. The analysis of grain farming is given. Options for the penetration of palaeoethnobotanical materials into pottery are considered. The thesis was put forward that various bedding under bottoms could mark a certain seasonality of pottery production. The clay bread-like products from the settlement of Polе Drugoi Brigady was considered as a kind of cult complex aimed at fertility improvement.
Keywords: Bilsk, the Scythians, palaeoethnobotany, PBS, grain farming
Keywords: Bilsk, the Scythians, palaeoethnobotany, PBS, grain farming
Research Interests:
S. A. Gorbanenko. Early Slavs: Housebuilding and foundation sacrifice Several types of foundation sacrifice were recorded. They are corn, remains of animals, remnants of structures, heating device and certain items (astragals, key,... more
S. A. Gorbanenko. Early Slavs: Housebuilding and foundation sacrifice
Several types of foundation sacrifice were recorded. They are corn, remains of animals, remnants of structures, heating device and certain items (astragals, key, jewelry, which were objects of material or sacral value). All these cases are quite understandable and can easily be explained from the perspective of extrapolating their values to the welfare and protection of housing and its owner. Obviously, each owner chose a foundation sacrifice according to his own preferences and in accordance with his «field of activity».
During the construction of the house, the future owners put things that they could extrapolate directly or indirectly to welfare and on their hundredfold return. A foundation sacrifice was more diverse than the examples described in ethnography. Although partially data are quite comparable. Conditionally we can divide all the sacrifices into two options:
1) direct extrapolation of values to a symbol (grain, pots and food, wildlife remains, ornaments);
2) two-stage extrapolation: symbolism of the object – its symbolism for housing (astragals, keys).
Aurochs horns should be counted in both options.
The cases of «burial» of old furnaces during the reconstruction of dwellings we consider as an exception, which, however, is also quite similar in content to the «classic» foundation sacrifices. The difference is that not only the sacrifices but also the moment of their laying are not the same: at the beginning of construction of dwelling, when it does not yet have its own «character», or during the reconstruction of existing structure that has already acquired its own sacred value.
Translated by M. Sergeyeva
Keywords: Slavs, housing, mortgage sacrifice, sacred content, archeology, Ethnography.
Several types of foundation sacrifice were recorded. They are corn, remains of animals, remnants of structures, heating device and certain items (astragals, key, jewelry, which were objects of material or sacral value). All these cases are quite understandable and can easily be explained from the perspective of extrapolating their values to the welfare and protection of housing and its owner. Obviously, each owner chose a foundation sacrifice according to his own preferences and in accordance with his «field of activity».
During the construction of the house, the future owners put things that they could extrapolate directly or indirectly to welfare and on their hundredfold return. A foundation sacrifice was more diverse than the examples described in ethnography. Although partially data are quite comparable. Conditionally we can divide all the sacrifices into two options:
1) direct extrapolation of values to a symbol (grain, pots and food, wildlife remains, ornaments);
2) two-stage extrapolation: symbolism of the object – its symbolism for housing (astragals, keys).
Aurochs horns should be counted in both options.
The cases of «burial» of old furnaces during the reconstruction of dwellings we consider as an exception, which, however, is also quite similar in content to the «classic» foundation sacrifices. The difference is that not only the sacrifices but also the moment of their laying are not the same: at the beginning of construction of dwelling, when it does not yet have its own «character», or during the reconstruction of existing structure that has already acquired its own sacred value.
Translated by M. Sergeyeva
Keywords: Slavs, housing, mortgage sacrifice, sacred content, archeology, Ethnography.
Research Interests:
S. A. Gorbanenko Collections of clay products from a palaeoethnobotanical point of view The basis of the study is the work of N. M. Kravchenko and G. O. Pashkevych in 1985 with the addition of the author’s observations. The author... more
S. A. Gorbanenko
Collections of clay products from a palaeoethnobotanical point of view
The basis of the study is the work of N. M. Kravchenko and G. O. Pashkevych in 1985 with the addition of the author’s observations. The author analyzed options for the penetration of palaeoethnobotanical materials into the moulding compound as well as their value for interpreting these findings.
The reasons for penetration of materials to molding compound, groups of clay products and their informative value, advantages and disadvantages of this method of information gathering and further perspectives of research and interpretation were reviewed.
Plant impurities were found in most categories of clay products. Conventionally they include utensils, probable architectural details and / or «stationary» utensils, tools as well as figurines, and other products that have no practical application. According to the scheme proposed by N. M. Kravchenko and G. O. Pashkevych four factors of the penetration of plant residues into the molding compound were identified. Factor 4 «The use of vegetable impurities as a backing between the stand and the crude billet of clay product (pot, vessel)» is of the less informative value. Its value could lie in the possibility to establish the season of manufacturing of pottery due to the backing. Factor 2 «Adding grain to a molding compound for ritual purpose» now can be significantly expanded due to ordinary household items, such as large pots for grain storage, firepans / pans and even furnaces. Factor 1 «Technological technique, in which crushed plant mass was added to reduce shrinkage of products during their drying and firing» also usually does not add information about palaeoethnobotanical materials. The only factor important for statistical surveys and the establishment of the grain economy is factor 3 «Accidental ingress of grains or seeds into the molding compound during the manufacture of pottery».
Keywords: clay products, palaeoethnobotany, grain, factors of penetration, palaeoethnobotanical spectrum (PBS), grain economy.
Collections of clay products from a palaeoethnobotanical point of view
The basis of the study is the work of N. M. Kravchenko and G. O. Pashkevych in 1985 with the addition of the author’s observations. The author analyzed options for the penetration of palaeoethnobotanical materials into the moulding compound as well as their value for interpreting these findings.
The reasons for penetration of materials to molding compound, groups of clay products and their informative value, advantages and disadvantages of this method of information gathering and further perspectives of research and interpretation were reviewed.
Plant impurities were found in most categories of clay products. Conventionally they include utensils, probable architectural details and / or «stationary» utensils, tools as well as figurines, and other products that have no practical application. According to the scheme proposed by N. M. Kravchenko and G. O. Pashkevych four factors of the penetration of plant residues into the molding compound were identified. Factor 4 «The use of vegetable impurities as a backing between the stand and the crude billet of clay product (pot, vessel)» is of the less informative value. Its value could lie in the possibility to establish the season of manufacturing of pottery due to the backing. Factor 2 «Adding grain to a molding compound for ritual purpose» now can be significantly expanded due to ordinary household items, such as large pots for grain storage, firepans / pans and even furnaces. Factor 1 «Technological technique, in which crushed plant mass was added to reduce shrinkage of products during their drying and firing» also usually does not add information about palaeoethnobotanical materials. The only factor important for statistical surveys and the establishment of the grain economy is factor 3 «Accidental ingress of grains or seeds into the molding compound during the manufacture of pottery».
Keywords: clay products, palaeoethnobotany, grain, factors of penetration, palaeoethnobotanical spectrum (PBS), grain economy.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
S. A. Gorbanenko, A. O. Kharlamova «Lost» Grains: Palaeoethnobotanical Materials from the Donets Site of Ancient Settlement A revision of data concerning findings of palaeoethnobotanical remains from the Donets site of ancient settlement... more
S. A. Gorbanenko, A. O. Kharlamova
«Lost» Grains: Palaeoethnobotanical Materials from the Donets Site of Ancient Settlement
A revision of data concerning findings of palaeoethnobotanical remains from the Donets site of ancient settlement is conducted. All the data available from previous publications is collected and sorted. The palaeoethnobotanical materials from the Donets site of ancient settlement, which are now kept in the funds of the Museum of Archeology of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, have been identified. We tried to compare the available materials with the reporting documentation and publications.
Keywords: Donets site of ancient settlement, paleoethnic botany, grains, the Museum of Archeology, Kharkiv National University, funds.
«Lost» Grains: Palaeoethnobotanical Materials from the Donets Site of Ancient Settlement
A revision of data concerning findings of palaeoethnobotanical remains from the Donets site of ancient settlement is conducted. All the data available from previous publications is collected and sorted. The palaeoethnobotanical materials from the Donets site of ancient settlement, which are now kept in the funds of the Museum of Archeology of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, have been identified. We tried to compare the available materials with the reporting documentation and publications.
Keywords: Donets site of ancient settlement, paleoethnic botany, grains, the Museum of Archeology, Kharkiv National University, funds.
Research Interests:
O. P. Zhuravlyov, S. A. Gorbanenko Raiky culture: animal husbandry vs hunting The article refers to two important branches of providing the early Slavs with meat products that are animal husbandry and hunting. The analysis was performed... more
O. P. Zhuravlyov, S. A. Gorbanenko
Raiky culture: animal husbandry vs hunting
The article refers to two important branches of providing the early Slavs with meat products that are animal husbandry and hunting. The analysis was performed on mammalian osteological materials. Relevant tools and objects are additional data for evaluation. First of all, they are implements of animal husbandry and hunting, as well as data on objects characterizing animal husbandry.
The source database now consists of materials from 22 sites (appendix 1; fig. 1). Archaeozoological determinations were carried out in 18 settlements (tables 1—6). One of the co-authors of the article conducted nine of them (O. P. Zhuravlyov; appendix 2). All the archaeozoological identifications form a database for general statistical analysis of animal husbandry and hunting and for determining their role in life support (fig. 2; 6; 10). The definitions made by O. P. Zhuravlev also add to the understanding of age gradation of domestic animals (table 2) and of the evaluation of domestic animal breeds.
Separate studies of objects (from settlements to homesteads and specific barns) supplement a knowledge about keeping domestic animals (fig. 3). According to archeological data, the relevant hunting objects of the early Slavs are currently unavailable for analysis.
Implements of animal husbandry (fig. 4) and hunting (fig. 7; 8) complement the understanding of the essence of these industries, although they do not add significant information. It is possible to characterize small plastics (figures of animals from clay (fig. 5) and small plastics (fig. 9), made as amulets of hunters and / or «in honor» of cult of a certain wild animal) in a similar way.
According to the correlation between animal husbandry (reproductive industry) and hunting (appropriative industry), we can highlight two management options:
1) due to animal husbandry (due to anthropogenic load, or social stratification of society and specialization);
2) due to the optimal use of wildlife resources and agricultural work, with the predominance of the latter.
The first variant is closer to indicators of the Saltiv culture. It is mainly characteristic of «internal» monuments. The second variant is closer to indicators of the Romny culture. It is located geographically on the periphery of the Raiky culture area.
Keywords: the Slavs, the last quarter of the 1st millennium AD, Raiky culture, archaeozoology, mammals, animal husbandry, hunting, reproductive economy, appropriative economy.
Raiky culture: animal husbandry vs hunting
The article refers to two important branches of providing the early Slavs with meat products that are animal husbandry and hunting. The analysis was performed on mammalian osteological materials. Relevant tools and objects are additional data for evaluation. First of all, they are implements of animal husbandry and hunting, as well as data on objects characterizing animal husbandry.
The source database now consists of materials from 22 sites (appendix 1; fig. 1). Archaeozoological determinations were carried out in 18 settlements (tables 1—6). One of the co-authors of the article conducted nine of them (O. P. Zhuravlyov; appendix 2). All the archaeozoological identifications form a database for general statistical analysis of animal husbandry and hunting and for determining their role in life support (fig. 2; 6; 10). The definitions made by O. P. Zhuravlev also add to the understanding of age gradation of domestic animals (table 2) and of the evaluation of domestic animal breeds.
Separate studies of objects (from settlements to homesteads and specific barns) supplement a knowledge about keeping domestic animals (fig. 3). According to archeological data, the relevant hunting objects of the early Slavs are currently unavailable for analysis.
Implements of animal husbandry (fig. 4) and hunting (fig. 7; 8) complement the understanding of the essence of these industries, although they do not add significant information. It is possible to characterize small plastics (figures of animals from clay (fig. 5) and small plastics (fig. 9), made as amulets of hunters and / or «in honor» of cult of a certain wild animal) in a similar way.
According to the correlation between animal husbandry (reproductive industry) and hunting (appropriative industry), we can highlight two management options:
1) due to animal husbandry (due to anthropogenic load, or social stratification of society and specialization);
2) due to the optimal use of wildlife resources and agricultural work, with the predominance of the latter.
The first variant is closer to indicators of the Saltiv culture. It is mainly characteristic of «internal» monuments. The second variant is closer to indicators of the Romny culture. It is located geographically on the periphery of the Raiky culture area.
Keywords: the Slavs, the last quarter of the 1st millennium AD, Raiky culture, archaeozoology, mammals, animal husbandry, hunting, reproductive economy, appropriative economy.
Research Interests:
This article collects and organizes data on common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) finds from archaeological sites in modern Ukraine. The first find comes from charred macro-residues discovered in the middle of the 20th century in the... more
This article collects and organizes data on common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) finds from archaeological sites in modern Ukraine. The first find comes from charred macro-residues discovered in the middle of the 20th century in the hillfort of Bilsk. Two more finds are represented by imprints on clay products. They were discovered as a result of a purposeful inspection of ceramics; these finds come from Scythian sites. The last find comes from an Ancient Rus site: a significant amount of charred material was found there.
The territory of modern Ukraine is situated at the crossroads of Eurasian land routes and waterways. The findings presented are important for restoring the history of the appearance of the cocklebur in Europe.
Keywords: archaeology, palaeoethnobotany, Ukraine, Eastern Europe, common cocklebur, Xanthium strumarium L., Scythians, Slavs.
The territory of modern Ukraine is situated at the crossroads of Eurasian land routes and waterways. The findings presented are important for restoring the history of the appearance of the cocklebur in Europe.
Keywords: archaeology, palaeoethnobotany, Ukraine, Eastern Europe, common cocklebur, Xanthium strumarium L., Scythians, Slavs.
Research Interests:
S. A. Gorbanenko Paleoethnobotanic identification of prints on clay products from the excavations at Kyiv Arsenalin 2005—2010 architectural and archaeological expedition of the IA NASU headed by H.Yu. Ivakin carried out archaeological... more
S. A. Gorbanenko
Paleoethnobotanic identification of prints on clay products from the excavations at Kyiv Arsenalin
2005—2010 architectural and archaeological expedition of the IA NASU headed by H.Yu. Ivakin carried out archaeological excavations on the territory of the Kyiv Arsenal. This note is the publication of paleoethnobotanical find from the 2005 excavations. Among the products of clay, which were found in the pit 19a (fig. 1) there was a bottom of a pot with imprints of cultivated plants seeds (fig. 2). This vessel is a work of a professional potter on a potter's wheel. According to definition of O.V. Onohda, ceramic complex from the pit 19a can be dated by the sixteenth century. the identification of grain prints is 1 grain of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) and the rest as barley (Hordeum vulgare) (fig. 3). Mostly they were on the bottom; there were also three imprints of barley on the outer wall of the bottom part. a spike also imprinted on the bottom. For the control verification, synchronous ceramics has also been viewed. The comparison of the bottoms shows that only one of them, with imprints, had no traces of cutting from the stand, which ensured the preservation of clear imprints. Despite the fact that almost certainly the potter was not a farmer, presumably, he was close enough to such a random symbolism, in which one can see the remnants of agricultural beliefs. The find is unique for this period.
Keywords: Kyiv Arsenal, sixteenth century, paleoethnobotany, hulled barley.
Paleoethnobotanic identification of prints on clay products from the excavations at Kyiv Arsenalin
2005—2010 architectural and archaeological expedition of the IA NASU headed by H.Yu. Ivakin carried out archaeological excavations on the territory of the Kyiv Arsenal. This note is the publication of paleoethnobotanical find from the 2005 excavations. Among the products of clay, which were found in the pit 19a (fig. 1) there was a bottom of a pot with imprints of cultivated plants seeds (fig. 2). This vessel is a work of a professional potter on a potter's wheel. According to definition of O.V. Onohda, ceramic complex from the pit 19a can be dated by the sixteenth century. the identification of grain prints is 1 grain of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) and the rest as barley (Hordeum vulgare) (fig. 3). Mostly they were on the bottom; there were also three imprints of barley on the outer wall of the bottom part. a spike also imprinted on the bottom. For the control verification, synchronous ceramics has also been viewed. The comparison of the bottoms shows that only one of them, with imprints, had no traces of cutting from the stand, which ensured the preservation of clear imprints. Despite the fact that almost certainly the potter was not a farmer, presumably, he was close enough to such a random symbolism, in which one can see the remnants of agricultural beliefs. The find is unique for this period.
Keywords: Kyiv Arsenal, sixteenth century, paleoethnobotany, hulled barley.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
S. A. Gorbanenko, Yu. I. Tolkachov Grain from Medjybizh During the archaeological research of the Medjybizh fortress (fig. 1), palaeoethnobotanical materials were found three times in its yard: in 1991, 2013 and 2015. The first definition... more
S. A. Gorbanenko, Yu. I. Tolkachov
Grain from Medjybizh
During the archaeological research of the Medjybizh fortress (fig. 1), palaeoethnobotanical materials were found three times in its yard: in 1991, 2013 and 2015. The first definition was made by G. O. Pashkevich. Mostly rye was identified as well as bromus, sorrel and an ergot fungus claviceps purpurea. From materials ща 2015 about 30 ml of grain were provided, mostly rye, which is approximately 1800—2000 grains. This is a sample of the harvest of one year. Single kernels of hulled barley (5); emmer (2) and soft wheat (1) were identified. Weeds are represented by 3 species, they are convolvulus (19), brome grasses (11) and cleavers (7) (figs. 2—4).
Identified weeds are concomitant for cultivated cereals and real anthropochores; they may be useful for therapeutic purposes. Brome grass is a winter plant that pollutes crops of winter rye and wheat. Fields pollution indicates a use of old arable fields: the population lived in this place continuously from the eleventh century. Consequently, the fields exploded about 2—3 centuries. Winter crops also show the use of old arable fields. According to the aggregate of weeds, these fields were located on high places with droughty soils. According to the analysis of topography and soil, these fields were in the western sector on the elevated plateau (supposedly the places of Dolzhok and Pereimska Dacha).
Find of the rye also indirectly indicates a high level of development of agriculture. While plowing tools from Medzhybizh are unknown, we should assume the use of plow, which is the most progressive form of them.
Keywords: Medjybizh, Ancient Rus period, Lithuanian and Polish period, rye.
Grain from Medjybizh
During the archaeological research of the Medjybizh fortress (fig. 1), palaeoethnobotanical materials were found three times in its yard: in 1991, 2013 and 2015. The first definition was made by G. O. Pashkevich. Mostly rye was identified as well as bromus, sorrel and an ergot fungus claviceps purpurea. From materials ща 2015 about 30 ml of grain were provided, mostly rye, which is approximately 1800—2000 grains. This is a sample of the harvest of one year. Single kernels of hulled barley (5); emmer (2) and soft wheat (1) were identified. Weeds are represented by 3 species, they are convolvulus (19), brome grasses (11) and cleavers (7) (figs. 2—4).
Identified weeds are concomitant for cultivated cereals and real anthropochores; they may be useful for therapeutic purposes. Brome grass is a winter plant that pollutes crops of winter rye and wheat. Fields pollution indicates a use of old arable fields: the population lived in this place continuously from the eleventh century. Consequently, the fields exploded about 2—3 centuries. Winter crops also show the use of old arable fields. According to the aggregate of weeds, these fields were located on high places with droughty soils. According to the analysis of topography and soil, these fields were in the western sector on the elevated plateau (supposedly the places of Dolzhok and Pereimska Dacha).
Find of the rye also indirectly indicates a high level of development of agriculture. While plowing tools from Medzhybizh are unknown, we should assume the use of plow, which is the most progressive form of them.
Keywords: Medjybizh, Ancient Rus period, Lithuanian and Polish period, rye.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
S. A. Gorbanenko. The use of cannabis in the early Iron Age n the article data on cannabis findings in the early Scythian sites are collected and ordered. Currently, there are several mutually complementary sources for studying the use... more
S. A. Gorbanenko. The use of cannabis in the early Iron Age
n the article data on cannabis findings in the early Scythian sites are collected and ordered. Currently, there are several mutually complementary sources for studying the use of cannabis by the Scythians, These are written sources (Herodotus), as well as artifacts (incense burners) and paleoethnobotanical materials (cannabis seeds findings (Cannabis sativa L)). In recent years, archaeologists have new data obtained from chemical analyzes.
The findings of cannabis are few. Now we know only eight sites where they were found (fig. 1). Written sources indicate the use of hemp for making clothes. The finds of spindle-whorls as well as still single prints of fabrics on clay products confirm the existence of weaving (fig. 2). Hygienic use of cannabis is confirmed by written sources and casually by archeological ones. The use of cannabis for fumigation is confirmed by the findings of incense burners, as well as by chemical analyzes.
We believe that this does not exhaust the use of cannabis in the life of the Scythians. Archaeological and iconographic findings indicate a high level of medicine development including surgery among the Scythians. Taking this into account, we consider it possible to suggest that the Scythians also knew various methods of natural origin for the relief of pain. We do not exclude that they could also use cannabis for this purpose.
Keywords: Scythians, cannabis, textile, medicine.
n the article data on cannabis findings in the early Scythian sites are collected and ordered. Currently, there are several mutually complementary sources for studying the use of cannabis by the Scythians, These are written sources (Herodotus), as well as artifacts (incense burners) and paleoethnobotanical materials (cannabis seeds findings (Cannabis sativa L)). In recent years, archaeologists have new data obtained from chemical analyzes.
The findings of cannabis are few. Now we know only eight sites where they were found (fig. 1). Written sources indicate the use of hemp for making clothes. The finds of spindle-whorls as well as still single prints of fabrics on clay products confirm the existence of weaving (fig. 2). Hygienic use of cannabis is confirmed by written sources and casually by archeological ones. The use of cannabis for fumigation is confirmed by the findings of incense burners, as well as by chemical analyzes.
We believe that this does not exhaust the use of cannabis in the life of the Scythians. Archaeological and iconographic findings indicate a high level of medicine development including surgery among the Scythians. Taking this into account, we consider it possible to suggest that the Scythians also knew various methods of natural origin for the relief of pain. We do not exclude that they could also use cannabis for this purpose.
Keywords: Scythians, cannabis, textile, medicine.
Research Interests:
Archaeology, Paleoethnobotany (Anthropology), Ukrainian Studies, Paleoethnobotany, Ukraine (History), and 10 moreUkraine, Archeobotany, Ukrainian History, Scythians, Palaeoethnobotany, Cannabis, Cimmerians, Herodotus, Scythians, Pontic area, Black Sea area, Caucaaus, Near East, Anatolia, nomads, steppe peoples, History of Ukraine, Early history of Scythians, and Scythians .sarmatians,alans
S. A. Gorbanenko The soil filtration from the object in Tsaryna Mohyla tract and palaeoethnobotanical analysis The article published the results of soil filtration from the object which was found under the rampart in Tsaryna Mohyla tract... more
S. A. Gorbanenko
The soil filtration from the object in Tsaryna Mohyla tract and palaeoethnobotanical analysis
The article published the results of soil filtration from the object which was found under the rampart in Tsaryna Mohyla tract of the Bilsk hillfort. At the first time in the history of research palaeoethnobotanical materials were obtained in the course of targeted searches by the flotation method. The paleoethnobotanical mass spectrum is represented by approximately 2/5 of Hordeum vulgare and Panicum miliaceum, as well as 1/10 parts of Secale cereale and Triticum dicoccon. The high indicators of the first two cultures are typical to the early Iron Age. Secale cereale is much rarer. Minor weeds can indicate that the surrounding fields were fairly clean. It is not excluded that this indicates an initial period of development of the potential resource zone around the settlement.
The results of soil washing are also briefly described.
Keywords: Bilsk hillfort, Scythian time, filtering the soil, palaeoethnobotany, grain farming.
The soil filtration from the object in Tsaryna Mohyla tract and palaeoethnobotanical analysis
The article published the results of soil filtration from the object which was found under the rampart in Tsaryna Mohyla tract of the Bilsk hillfort. At the first time in the history of research palaeoethnobotanical materials were obtained in the course of targeted searches by the flotation method. The paleoethnobotanical mass spectrum is represented by approximately 2/5 of Hordeum vulgare and Panicum miliaceum, as well as 1/10 parts of Secale cereale and Triticum dicoccon. The high indicators of the first two cultures are typical to the early Iron Age. Secale cereale is much rarer. Minor weeds can indicate that the surrounding fields were fairly clean. It is not excluded that this indicates an initial period of development of the potential resource zone around the settlement.
The results of soil washing are also briefly described.
Keywords: Bilsk hillfort, Scythian time, filtering the soil, palaeoethnobotany, grain farming.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Зроблено огляд джерел, що свідчать про використання скіфами конопель. На основі поєднання писемних джерел (згадок у IV книзі Геродота «Мельпомена»), а також археологічних матеріалів (артефактів — курильниць і палеоетноботанічних знахідок... more
Зроблено огляд джерел, що свідчать про використання скіфами конопель. На основі поєднання писемних джерел (згадок у IV книзі Геродота «Мельпомена»), а також археологічних матеріалів (артефактів — курильниць і палеоетноботанічних знахідок — насіння конопель та їхніх відбитків) зроблено висновки про використання конопель не лише для виготовлення тканин, але й для гігієнічних і, можливо, анестезіологічних цілей.
Research Interests:
Archaeology, Paleoethnobotany (Anthropology), Ukrainian Studies, Paleoethnobotany, Ukraine (History), and 9 moreUkraine, Archeobotany, Ukrainian History, Scythians, Palaeoethnobotany, Cannabis, Cimmerians, Herodotus, Scythians, Pontic area, Black Sea area, Caucaaus, Near East, Anatolia, nomads, steppe peoples, Early history of Scythians, and Scythians .sarmatians,alans
The article contains a selection of molded by hand ordinary household utensils of the ancient Slavs with a great number of prints of grains of cultivated plants. Because of a number of attributes, we should recognize such inclusion of... more
The article contains a selection of molded by hand ordinary household utensils of the ancient Slavs with a great number of prints of grains of cultivated plants. Because of a number of attributes, we should recognize such inclusion of botanical residues to the molding mass as nonrandom. However, they cannot be included in the technological techniques of making vessels.
The main forms of vessels are pots of large sizes and frying pans or braziers. Both forms constantly contacted with corn (storage, drying of the grain, cooking). Their interpretation as common daily things endowed with «household magic» is suggested. We assume that this combination should «harmonize» the vessel with the product of its permanent contact (corn). Probably, such an act of adding grain was associated with the agricultural world outlook of people who made and used such vessels.
Keywords: ancient Slavs, vessels, prints of cereals, household magic.
The main forms of vessels are pots of large sizes and frying pans or braziers. Both forms constantly contacted with corn (storage, drying of the grain, cooking). Their interpretation as common daily things endowed with «household magic» is suggested. We assume that this combination should «harmonize» the vessel with the product of its permanent contact (corn). Probably, such an act of adding grain was associated with the agricultural world outlook of people who made and used such vessels.
Keywords: ancient Slavs, vessels, prints of cereals, household magic.
Research Interests:
Archaeology, Archaeobotany, History of Technology, Early Medieval Archaeology, Medieval Archaeology, and 8 morePaleoethnobotany, Early Medieval And Medieval Settlement (Archaeology), Medieval ceramics (Archaeology), Slavic Studies, Slavic Archaeology, Palaeoethnobotany, Early Slavs, and Old Rus an Slavic archaeology
S. A. Gorbanenko The first focused palaeoethnobotanical searches in the Bil’s’k hill-fort The article published the results of soil filtration from the object found under the embankment of the shaft in urochyshche Tsaryna Mohyla of the... more
S. A. Gorbanenko
The first focused palaeoethnobotanical searches in the Bil’s’k hill-fort
The article published the results of soil filtration from the object found under the embankment of the shaft in urochyshche Tsaryna Mohyla of the Bil’s’k hill-fort. At the first time in the history of research palaeoethnobotanical materials were obtained in the course of targeted searches by the flotation method. The paleoethnobotanical mass spectrum is represented by approximately 2/5 of Hordeum vulgare and Panicum miliaceum, as well as 1/10 parts of Secale cereale and Triticum dicoccon. The high indicators of the first two cultures are typical to the early Iron Age. Secale cereale is much rarer. Minor weeds can indicate that the surrounding fields were fairly clean. It is not excluded that this indicates an initial period of development of the potential resource zone around the settlement.
Keywords: Bil’s’k hill-fort, Scythian time, flotation, palaeoethnobotany, grain farming.
The first focused palaeoethnobotanical searches in the Bil’s’k hill-fort
The article published the results of soil filtration from the object found under the embankment of the shaft in urochyshche Tsaryna Mohyla of the Bil’s’k hill-fort. At the first time in the history of research palaeoethnobotanical materials were obtained in the course of targeted searches by the flotation method. The paleoethnobotanical mass spectrum is represented by approximately 2/5 of Hordeum vulgare and Panicum miliaceum, as well as 1/10 parts of Secale cereale and Triticum dicoccon. The high indicators of the first two cultures are typical to the early Iron Age. Secale cereale is much rarer. Minor weeds can indicate that the surrounding fields were fairly clean. It is not excluded that this indicates an initial period of development of the potential resource zone around the settlement.
Keywords: Bil’s’k hill-fort, Scythian time, flotation, palaeoethnobotany, grain farming.
Research Interests:
S. A. Gorbanenko Comparative Analysis of Agriculture on the Eve of the Formation of Old Rus’ The article is a definite result of the study of agriculture of archeological cultures of the last quarter of the 1st millennium AD in the south... more
S. A. Gorbanenko Comparative Analysis of Agriculture on the Eve of the Formation of Old Rus’
The article is a definite result of the study of agriculture of archeological cultures of the last quarter of the 1st millennium AD in the south of Eastern Europe, which became the basis for the formation of Old Rus’ material culture. The object of the study are archeological cultures, which were the basis and / or the place for the emergence of the Old Rus’ culture. They are the Borshevo culture on the Don, the Saltiv culture (mainly based on the materials of the Siversky-Donetsk region), the Volintseve and Romny sites (the left bank of the Dnieper), as well as the Raiky culture (the territory between the Dnieper and the Carpathians) (Fig. 1). The subject of the study are the components of agriculture (farming and livestock breeding) in these cultures.
Nowadays the degree of research of these sectors allows us to conduct their comparative analysis and to determine the vectors of influences. The analysis of potential resource zones shows that ancient settlers at the time of settlement probably did not attach much importance to the surrounding lands, and gradually adapted them to their needs. According to the results of the analysis of the location of the Saltiv and Romny sites in the Siverskyi-Donetsk region contact area, we can say that the bearers of the Romny culture came to the resource zones already absorbed by the Saltiv people. Above all, this concerns the use of the land for agricultural purposes. We can offer a similar situation for bearers of the Raiky culture, which often continued to use the resource areas assimilated by their predecessors — the Prague culture bearers.
Comparative analysis of agricultural implements (Fig. 2; 3) shows that the Saltiv culture bearers had a negligible positive influence on the spread of certain forms of tools of agricultural labor. Biological definitions and palaeoethnobotanical and archaeozoological analyzes (Fig. 4—6) are more likely to show insignificant differences in environmental conditions, as well as, possibly, in the ethnicity of ancient farmers. No influences of one culture on another were found on these materials. Probably, meat production among the population of the Saltiv culture has acquired certain forms of specialization because only in this culture such specific tools as cutting knives are known now (Fig. 7).
The overall result may be the following. Among the comparable cultures, both branches of agriculture were the most developed among the bearers of the Saltiv culture. They had some influence on the development of agriculture among their neighbors — the Siverians and the Slavs on the Don. However, in all these cultures, the level of development of agriculture was approximately the same. It is not possible to take certain differences in livestock production for criteria of greater or lesser degree of development, since livestock production reflects most likely the ecological differences of settlements and the ethnic difference of settlers.
Keywords: last quarter of 1st thousand AD, agriculture, paleoecology, farming, livestock breeding, palaeothnobotany, archaeozoology, tools of agriculture, tools of animal husbandry.
The article is a definite result of the study of agriculture of archeological cultures of the last quarter of the 1st millennium AD in the south of Eastern Europe, which became the basis for the formation of Old Rus’ material culture. The object of the study are archeological cultures, which were the basis and / or the place for the emergence of the Old Rus’ culture. They are the Borshevo culture on the Don, the Saltiv culture (mainly based on the materials of the Siversky-Donetsk region), the Volintseve and Romny sites (the left bank of the Dnieper), as well as the Raiky culture (the territory between the Dnieper and the Carpathians) (Fig. 1). The subject of the study are the components of agriculture (farming and livestock breeding) in these cultures.
Nowadays the degree of research of these sectors allows us to conduct their comparative analysis and to determine the vectors of influences. The analysis of potential resource zones shows that ancient settlers at the time of settlement probably did not attach much importance to the surrounding lands, and gradually adapted them to their needs. According to the results of the analysis of the location of the Saltiv and Romny sites in the Siverskyi-Donetsk region contact area, we can say that the bearers of the Romny culture came to the resource zones already absorbed by the Saltiv people. Above all, this concerns the use of the land for agricultural purposes. We can offer a similar situation for bearers of the Raiky culture, which often continued to use the resource areas assimilated by their predecessors — the Prague culture bearers.
Comparative analysis of agricultural implements (Fig. 2; 3) shows that the Saltiv culture bearers had a negligible positive influence on the spread of certain forms of tools of agricultural labor. Biological definitions and palaeoethnobotanical and archaeozoological analyzes (Fig. 4—6) are more likely to show insignificant differences in environmental conditions, as well as, possibly, in the ethnicity of ancient farmers. No influences of one culture on another were found on these materials. Probably, meat production among the population of the Saltiv culture has acquired certain forms of specialization because only in this culture such specific tools as cutting knives are known now (Fig. 7).
The overall result may be the following. Among the comparable cultures, both branches of agriculture were the most developed among the bearers of the Saltiv culture. They had some influence on the development of agriculture among their neighbors — the Siverians and the Slavs on the Don. However, in all these cultures, the level of development of agriculture was approximately the same. It is not possible to take certain differences in livestock production for criteria of greater or lesser degree of development, since livestock production reflects most likely the ecological differences of settlements and the ethnic difference of settlers.
Keywords: last quarter of 1st thousand AD, agriculture, paleoecology, farming, livestock breeding, palaeothnobotany, archaeozoology, tools of agriculture, tools of animal husbandry.
Research Interests:
Archaeology, Landscape Archaeology, Medieval Archaeology, Palaeoecology, Archeobotany, and 9 moreArcheozoology, Slavic Archaeology, Palaeoethnobotany, Early Medieval Period, Archaeology of Iron Age, Archaeology of Late Roman Period, Archaeology of Early Medieval Europe, Early Slavs, Saltovo Culture, Saltovo-mayatsky archaeological culture, and Archaeology: Early Slavs
Горбаненко, С. А. 2018. Палеоетноботанічні визначення матеріалів з розкопок на Західному укріпленні Більського городища (розкоп 3) у 2017 р. Додаток 1. В: Шрамко, І. Б. Дослідження західного укріплення Більського городища у 2017 році. Археологічні дослідження Більсьского городища — 2017, с. 39-40.more
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Research Interests:
Місто — одна із найважливіших структурних складових розвитку нашої держави. Із самого початку своєї появи міста були центрами економічного, культурного, суспільного та політичного життя і саме через них відбувалась інтеграція... more
Місто — одна із найважливіших структурних складових розвитку нашої держави. Із самого початку своєї появи міста були центрами економічного, культурного, суспільного та політичного життя і саме через них відбувалась інтеграція східнослов’янського суспільства до загальноєвропейського простору. Саме тому проблема генезису, особливостей формування та раннього розвитку міст є й будуть завжди однією із найактуальніших задач вітчизняної історичної науки.
Археологічні матеріали, представлені в запропонованому науковому збірнику, дозволяють суттєво доповнити наші уявлення про ранню історію міста Звягеля—Новограда-Волинського, а також поточнити низку важливих питань ранньої історії нашої країни та її інтеграції з найперших кроків не тільки до загальноєвропейських процесів, але й установлення тісних контактів із світом країн Азії й Далекого Сходу.
Краєзнавчі студії, представлені у збірнику, вносять новий пласт важливої джерелознавчої інформації про епоху середньовіччя, новітнього часу а також сучасну історію стародавнього міста Новограда-Волинського. Вони висвітлюють різноманітні сторони життя міста та його великої округи. Цікаві дослідження проведені щодо екномічного розвитку середньовічного міста. Окремий блок становлять роботи, пов’язані з висвітленням стародавніх народних звичаїв та обрядів, які збереглись до сьогодення і яких з кожним днем стає все менше. Окремо слід згадати ряд робіт, що торкаються новітнього часу — трагічних періодів історії нашої країни, які вона перенесла у ХХ столітті.
Археологічні матеріали, представлені в запропонованому науковому збірнику, дозволяють суттєво доповнити наші уявлення про ранню історію міста Звягеля—Новограда-Волинського, а також поточнити низку важливих питань ранньої історії нашої країни та її інтеграції з найперших кроків не тільки до загальноєвропейських процесів, але й установлення тісних контактів із світом країн Азії й Далекого Сходу.
Краєзнавчі студії, представлені у збірнику, вносять новий пласт важливої джерелознавчої інформації про епоху середньовіччя, новітнього часу а також сучасну історію стародавнього міста Новограда-Волинського. Вони висвітлюють різноманітні сторони життя міста та його великої округи. Цікаві дослідження проведені щодо екномічного розвитку середньовічного міста. Окремий блок становлять роботи, пов’язані з висвітленням стародавніх народних звичаїв та обрядів, які збереглись до сьогодення і яких з кожним днем стає все менше. Окремо слід згадати ряд робіт, що торкаються новітнього часу — трагічних періодів історії нашої країни, які вона перенесла у ХХ столітті.
Research Interests:
У Збірнику вміщено статті з проблем археології та історії від первісності до нового часу, публікації нових матеріалів i результатів досліджень.
Для археологів, істориків, краєзнавців та всіх шанувальників давньої історії України.
Для археологів, істориків, краєзнавців та всіх шанувальників давньої історії України.