Bots are playing an increasingly important role in the creation of knowledge in Wikipedia. In many cases, editors and bots form tightly knit teams. Humans develop bots, argue for their approval, and maintain them, performing tasks such as... more
Bots are playing an increasingly important role in the creation of knowledge in Wikipedia. In many cases, editors and bots form tightly knit teams. Humans develop bots, argue for their approval, and maintain them, performing tasks such as monitoring activity, merging similar bots, splitting complex bots, and turning off malfunctioning bots. Yet this is not the entire picture. Bots are designed to perform certain functions and can acquire new functionality over time. They play particular roles in the editing process. Understanding these roles is an important step towards understanding the ecosystem, and designing better bots and interfaces between bots and humans. This is important for understanding Wikipedia along with other kinds of work in which autonomous machines affect tasks performed by humans. In this study, we use unsupervised learning to build a nine category taxonomy of bots based on their functions in English Wikipedia. We then build a multi-class classifier to classify 1...
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Background Causality is inherently linked to decision-making, as causes let us better predict the future and intervene to change it by showing which variables have the capacity to affect others. Recent advances in machine learning have... more
Background Causality is inherently linked to decision-making, as causes let us better predict the future and intervene to change it by showing which variables have the capacity to affect others. Recent advances in machine learning have made it possible to learn causal models from observational data. While these models have the potential to aid human decisions, it is not yet known whether the output of these algorithms improves decision-making. That is, causal inference methods have been evaluated on their accuracy at uncovering ground truth, but not the utility of such output for human consumption. Simply presenting more information to people may not have the intended effects, particularly when they must combine this information with their existing knowledge and beliefs. While psychological studies have shown that causal models can be used to choose interventions and predict outcomes, that work has not tested structures of the complexity found in machine learning, or how such inform...
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In addition to having a detailed understanding of the artifacts they intend to create, designers need to guide the software tools they use.
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Abstract A procedure for filter design is described for enhancing fingerprint images. Four steps of this procedure are described: user specification of appropriate image features, determination of local ridge orientations throughout the... more
Abstract A procedure for filter design is described for enhancing fingerprint images. Four steps of this procedure are described: user specification of appropriate image features, determination of local ridge orientations throughout the image, smoothing of this ...
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Creativity is individual, and it is social. The social aspects of creativity have become of increasing interest as systems have emerged that mobilize large numbers of people to engage in creative tasks. We examine research related to... more
Creativity is individual, and it is social. The social aspects of creativity have become of increasing interest as systems have emerged that mobilize large numbers of people to engage in creative tasks. We examine research related to collective intelligence and differentiate work on collective creativity from other collective activities by analyzing systems with respect to the tasks that are performed and the outputs that result. Three types of systems are discussed: games, contests and networks. We conclude by suggesting how systems that generate collective creativity can be improved and how new systems might be constructed.
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Abstract How do people motivate each other to participate in a peer production environment? This question is addressed through the study of user-initiated contests on the electronically mediated social network that surrounds the... more
Abstract How do people motivate each other to participate in a peer production environment? This question is addressed through the study of user-initiated contests on the electronically mediated social network that surrounds the programming language Scratch. The users of Scratch, mainly youths, have created their own mechanisms to motivate and recognize creative achievement. Some wish to achieve popularity on the site by having their project posted on the front page so contest creators offer to perform actions that will help ...
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Social Networks, Modeling, Decision Support Systems, Information Integration, Computer Security, and 13 moreDistributed System, Information Economics, Mathematical Sciences, Sensor networks, Network Design, Integration, Sensor Network, Sensor Array, Sensor Networks, Social Network, Information Value, Information System, and Probabilistic Model
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Through the analysis of collaborations in an online virtual community, the impact of originality on popularity and practicality is tested. These tests in turn are based on a method for measuring the distance between 3D shapes. In sum,... more
Through the analysis of collaborations in an online virtual community, the impact of originality on popularity and practicality is tested. These tests in turn are based on a method for measuring the distance between 3D shapes. In sum, this paper presents a new method for gauging innovation, and suggests ways of further understanding the role technology plays in encouraging creativity. From an organization perspective, this work provides insights into the creative process, and in particular the open innovation process, in which thousands of individuals together evolve designs, without belonging to the same corporate structure, without claiming IP rights, without exchanging money.
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Open Innovation and CSCW
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The limited power, low radio range, and an ever changing environment make the ability to explicitly communicate between multi-robots decreases in a searching task. When this happens, maintaining the weakened connection will cause robots... more
The limited power, low radio range, and an ever changing environment make the ability to explicitly communicate between multi-robots decreases in a searching task. When this happens, maintaining the weakened connection will cause robots to cluster during searching, which may be suboptimal with respect to the searching time. In this paper, several integration strategies are proposed to coordinate a team of robots which have limited explicit communication. To speed up the reconnection procedure for the proposed aggregate strategies, implicit communication through vision sensors is proposed in this paper to establish a movement plan to recover the explicit communication. Simulation results are presented and discussed; The real-world experiments with 3 Pioneer robots have been conducted. The proposed strategies can be extended to a large- scale searching environment as well as a combination of humans and robots.
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Theories and designs are similar. Because they are similar, design researchers in information systems can learn much from the philosophy of science. Neither large data sets nor papers that generate and statistically test theory are... more
Theories and designs are similar. Because they are similar, design researchers in information systems can learn much from the philosophy of science. Neither large data sets nor papers that generate and statistically test theory are necessary for the publication of contributions to the field. Moreover, the philosophy of pragmatism provides a more solid base than logical positivism from which to
By mapping messages into a large context, we can compute the distances between them, and then classify them. We test this conjecture on Twitter messages: Messages are mapped onto their most similar Wikipedia pages, and the distances... more
By mapping messages into a large context, we can compute the distances between them, and then classify them. We test this conjecture on Twitter messages: Messages are mapped onto their most similar Wikipedia pages, and the distances between pages are used as a proxy for the distances between messages. This technique yields more accurate classification of a set of Twitter
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Abstract: A person's actions often yield positive and/or negative side-effects in addition to directly-intended consequences. Legal opinion on negligence and recklessness attributes “oblique” intent to persons who foresee,... more
Abstract: A person's actions often yield positive and/or negative side-effects in addition to directly-intended consequences. Legal opinion on negligence and recklessness attributes “oblique” intent to persons who foresee, but (intentionally) ignore, virtually certain negative side-effects of their actions. The law remains silent on any variety of intentionality for positive side-effects. In three experiments, we show that lay-people in the US and India exhibit a similar asymmetry, attributing oblique intent to negative, but not positive, side-effects. ...
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