- Departamento de Geologia
Facultad de Ciencias
Plaza delos Caidos s/n
37008 Salamanca
Spain
Gabriel Gutierrez-Alonso
University of Salamanca, Geology, Faculty Member
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Structural Geology, Tectonics, Oroclines, Geochronology & isotope Geology, Late Variscan Granites, Variscan tectonic, and 11 moreGeology, Earth Sciences, Geochemistry, Sedimentology, Field Geology, Variscan Orogeny, Variscan belt, Extensional Tectonics, Folding (Structural Geology), Geodynamics, and Geophysics edit
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Geologistedit
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Geology, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Gondwana, Ordovician, and 3 morePartial Melting, Magmatism, and felsic
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Geology and Metamorphism
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Geology, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Provenance, Geología, and 3 morePaleozoic, Zircon, and conglomerate
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This study presents the first U-Pb geochronological data on detrital zircon grains from the metasedimentary successions of the Sierra Albarrana Domain (SW Iberian Massif) obtained by SHRIMP and LA-ICP-MS. We provide new information on the... more
This study presents the first U-Pb geochronological data on detrital zircon grains from the metasedimentary successions of the Sierra Albarrana Domain (SW Iberian Massif) obtained by SHRIMP and LA-ICP-MS. We provide new information on the Maximum Depositional Ages (MDA) during the middle Cambrian through a systematic study, together with age comparisons of the successions, using Kernel Density Estimates (KDE) diagrams, Cumulative Age Distributions (CADs) and the Kolmogorov–Smirnov (K-S) test. On the other hand, the U-Pb zircon data presented in this study have been compared with all the existing data from detrital zircon grains in Neoproterozoic and Cambrian rocks of the Iberian Massif (20 samples, 2706 U–Pb zircon ages). For the comparison, in addition to the KDEs, CADs and K-S test, we apply 3D multidimensional scaling techniques (3D-MDS). The results, together with the geochemical and isotopic characterisation from previous studies, suggest that this domain is likely to be part of the autochthonous section of the Central Iberian Zone (CIZ). Zircon age patterns indicate a probable sedimentary provenance from the Saharan Metacraton with, or without, minor input from the Tuareg Shield. The most important local detrital source corresponds to Cadomian magmatism developed during a magmatic event (535–515 Ma) followed by back-arc extension and early Paleozoic rifting (535–460 Ma). The remaining Mesoproterozoic, Paleoproterozoic and Archean zircon grains would have been provided by the Paleoproterozoic basement and/or the older continental crust recycled in the western sections of the Gondwana margin
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Geology, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Provenance, Archean, and 6 moreGondwana, Paleozoic, Zircon, Petrologia ÍGnea, Basement, and Massif
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Abstract Iberia, Avalonia and the “Armorican” terranes form key constituents of the Variscan–Appalachian orogen, but their Neoproterozoic origins along the northern Gondwanan margin continue to be strongly debated. Here, we present a new... more
Abstract Iberia, Avalonia and the “Armorican” terranes form key constituents of the Variscan–Appalachian orogen, but their Neoproterozoic origins along the northern Gondwanan margin continue to be strongly debated. Here, we present a new detrital zircon U–Pb–Hf dataset from Neoproterozoic–Silurian sedimentary sequences in NW Iberia and Avalonia, in conjunction with the comprehensive existing datasets from potential source cratons, to demonstrate that the provenance of each terrane is relatively simple and can be traced back to three major cratons. The enigmatic Tonian–Stenian detrital zircons in autochthonous Iberian rocks were derived from the Saharan metacraton in the latest Neoproterozoic–early Cambrian. Avalonia is commonly considered to have been derived from the Amazonian margin of Gondwana, but the hafnium isotopic characteristics of the detrital zircon grains in early Neoproterozoic rocks bear much stronger similarities to Baltica. The hafnium isotopic array also suggests the early Avalonian oceanic arc was built on a sliver of “Grenvillian-type crust” (~ 2.0–1.0 Ga) possibly of Baltican affinity at ~ 800 Ma, prior to accretion with a continental margin at ~ 640 Ma. The Upper Allochthon of Iberia is frequently linked to the West African Craton in the late Neoproterozoic–early Cambrian, however the hafnium isotopic array presented here does not support this connection; rather it is more similar to the hafnium array from Avalonia. The Armorican terranes have strong detrital zircon isotopic links to the West African Craton during the late Neoproterozoic–Cambrian.
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The Paleozoic geology of Iberia is dominated by the tectonics of the Variscan orogeny and its aftermath. This defining geologic event was the result of large-scale collision that involved amalgamation of multiple continents and... more
The Paleozoic geology of Iberia is dominated by the tectonics of the Variscan orogeny and its aftermath. This defining geologic event was the result of large-scale collision that involved amalgamation of multiple continents and micro-continents, the closure of oceanic basins and eventual orogenic collapse, and finally modification and oroclinal bending during the waning stages of Pangea amalgamation. Existing data from the western Variscan orogen, suggests oroclinal bending of an originally near-linear convergent margin during the last stages of Variscan deformation occurred in the late Paleozoic. Earlier closure of the Rheic Ocean resulted in E-W shortening (in present-day coordinates) in the Carboniferous, producing a N-S trending, east verging belt. Subsequent deformation near the Carboniferous-Permian boundary resulted in oroclinal bending. This late-stage orogenic event remains an enigmatic part of Iberia’s Paleozoic history.
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The allochthonous complexes of Galicia – Trás-os-Montes Zone (NW Iberia) are part of the tectonic stack that unrooted the Variscan accretionary prism. They are formed by individual tectonic slices marked by specific tectono15 metamorphic... more
The allochthonous complexes of Galicia – Trás-os-Montes Zone (NW Iberia) are part of the tectonic stack that unrooted the Variscan accretionary prism. They are formed by individual tectonic slices marked by specific tectono15 metamorphic evolution, which was piled up in a piggy-back thrust complex onto its relative autochthon, the Central Iberian Zone (CIZ). Consequently, allochthony decreases towards lower, more external and younger thrust sheets. The lowermost unit of this pile of slivers is known as Schistose Domain or Parautochthon and bears low metamorphic grade, contrasting with the higher temperatures and pressures estimated for the upper allochthonous units, but sharing the stratigraphic sequence with the underlying autochthon. The Parautochthon is divided in two structural and stratigraphic sub-units: i) the Lower (LPa) made of 20 synorogenic flysch-type sediments with varied turbiditic units and olistostrome bodies, showing Upper Devonian-lower Carboniferous age on base of the youngest zircon populations and fossiliferous content; ii) the Upper (UPa), composed of highly deformed pre-orogenic upper Cambrian-Silurian volcano-sedimentary sequence comparable with both the nearby autochthon and the HP-LT Lower Allochthon, laying structurally above. The UPa thrusted onto the LPa by the the Main-Trásos-Montes Thrust; and the LPa detached from the CIZ relative autochthon by a regional structure (Basal Lower Parautochthon 25 Detachment) which follows the favourable Silurian carbonaceous beds. A review on the detrital zircon studies of the synorogenic LPa complemented by 17 new samples geochronology is here presented. The results support the extension of the LPa underneath the NW Iberia allochthonous complexes, from Cabo Ortegal, to Bragança and Morais Massifs. Its current exposure follows the lowermost tectonic boundary between the Galicia – Trás-os-Montes (allochthon) and Central Iberian (autochthon) Zones. Youngest zircon age populations point to a maximum 30 sedimentation age for the LPa formations ranging from Famennian to Serpukhovian and endorse the piggy-back evolution inside this unit, mimicking the general structure of the Galicia – Trás-os-Montes Zone. The zircon populations in the LPa allow constraining the sedimentary provenance areas, showing the intervention of nearby sources (mostly the UPa) and/or multiply recycled/long transport sediments with typically N-Central Gondwana age https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2020-173 Preprint. Discussion started: 15 October 2020 c © Author(s) 2020. CC BY 4.0 License.
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Humanities and Art
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Geology, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Carboniferous, Geología, and 3 moreCrust, Lithosphere, and Massif
1 pagina. Resumen de la comunicacion presenta en European Geosciences Union 2005 (Viena, Austria, 24-29 abril 2005)
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espanolLas pinturas rupestres de Castrocontrigo, situadas en el suroestede la provincia de Leon (Espana), representan uno de los restos depinturas de edad Neolitico en el noroeste de la peninsula iberica.Comprenden una serie de paneles... more
espanolLas pinturas rupestres de Castrocontrigo, situadas en el suroestede la provincia de Leon (Espana), representan uno de los restos depinturas de edad Neolitico en el noroeste de la peninsula iberica.Comprenden una serie de paneles esquematicos dentro de dosabrigos rocosos caracterizados por la presencia de antropomorfos,soliformes ypectiniformes sinningun tipodeproteccion. El reciente incendio y la actividad antropica han contribuido a danar parcial- mente los motivos, llevando a la destruccion de esta singular esta- cion rupestre. En este articulo se describe la documentacion digital de los afloramientos, mediante el uso de tecnicas no invasivas con tecnologias portatiles basadas en el escaner de luz estructurada y una fotogrametriadetallada, asi comoel uso y tratamientodemejora digital de los datos obtenidos. La adquisicionde informaciondigital 3Den combinacion con la aplicaciondeherramientas demejorade la imagen revela la presencia de nuevos motivos, extendiendo la superficie de los paneles lateralmente hacia otras zonas proximas. Aunque la edadde losmotivos no se conoce (probablemente entre el Calcolitico y la Edad del Hierro), proporcionan una informacion util sobre las relaciones socioculturales de sus autores, sugirien- do un contexto de representacion militar y/o religiosa. Ademas, la distribucion de los motivos, ambos en paneles horizontales y verticales, sugiere el establecimiento de una distribucion dentro del grupo social, asi como la existencia de relaciones de poder. La generaciondemodelos fotorealisticos de los afloramientos ayuda a la visualizacionde losmotivos desdediferentes angulos yperspecti- vas, proporcionando informacion cualitativa y cuantitativa de valor para arqueologos e historiadores. Nuestros modelos 3D facilitan unamayor ymas efectiva difusion de los resultados, asegurando la preservacion y concienciacion de su valor por parte de la sociedad EnglishThe Castrocontrigo rock art, located in the southwestern area ofthe Leon province (Spain), is one of the occurrences of Neolithicrock art in northwest Iberia. They comprise a series of schematicpanels within two rock shelters characterised by the presence ofanthropomorphs, sun-forms and pectiforms that nowadays lackof any preservation directives. Recent forest fires and other humanactivities have partially damaged the motifs, eventually leading tothepossibledestructionof this singular place. This paper dealswiththedigital descriptionanddocumentationof the two shelters usingnon-invasive procedures based on structure-light scanner, photo-grammetry and digital image enhancement. The acquisition of 3Ddigital information in combination with the application of imageenhancement tools reveal the presence of new motifs in poorlypreserved sectors of the studied panels. Although the age of themotifs remains unknown (allegedly between the Chalcolithic andthe Iron Age), they provide useful information about the humansocio-cultural relationships, suggesting military and/or religiousrepresentations. In addition, the distribution of motifs, both inhorizontal and vertical panels, suggests the distinction within thesocial group as well as the existence of power relationships. Thegeneration of photorealistic models from the outcrops aims at thebetter visualizationof themotifs fromdifferent angles andperspec-tives, providingvaluablequalitative andquantitative information forarchaeologist and historians. Our 3D models aim too at providingeffective and wider dissemination of the results ensuring the rockart preservation and awareness to the general public.
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Pods and relicts of high-pressure (HP) rocks are the best record of the subduction of the north Gondwana margin at the onset of the Variscan collision. Across Western Europe, blueschist-facies terranes are restricted to scarce and... more
Pods and relicts of high-pressure (HP) rocks are the best record of the subduction of the north Gondwana margin at the onset of the Variscan collision. Across Western Europe, blueschist-facies terranes are restricted to scarce and relatively small areas, whereas eclogite-facies terranes are more abundant. The Malpica-Tui complex (MTC) is the westernmost exposure of HP rocks in the NW Iberian Massif, and in the Variscan belt of Western Europe. It comprises two tectonically juxtaposed units separated by an extensional detachment: (i) an upper unit consisting of rocks in the blueschist-facies, and (ii) a lower unit in the medium temperature eclogite-facies conditions. Assuming a northwest-directed component of subduction, in present day coordinates, the characteristics of each sequence suggest that the upper unit would occupy an oceanward position compared to the lower unit before the Variscan collision. Thus, the lower unit is interpreted as a slice of continental crust, whereas the upper unit may represent a transitional to oceanic crust of the same continental margin. The MTC preserves evidence of late Devonian HP metamorphism varying from eclogite (P~26 kbar and T~650 °C) to blueschist-facies conditions (19-22 kbar and 460-560 °C). Petrological analysis involving P-T-X pseudosections in the (Mn)NCKFMASHTO chemical system on the HP rocks reveals a P-T evolution characterised by a subisothermal decompression to ~10 kbar, 480 °C in the blueschist-facies rocks and 650 °C in the eclogites, followed by cooling to ~5 kbar at 380 °C and 500 °C, respectively. New 40Ar/39Ar data indicate a minimum age of ~370 Ma for the subduction-related HP metamorphism. Subsequent decompression to pressures of about 10 kbar started at ~360 Ma and was contemporaneous with thrust-and-fold nappe tectonics and intrusion of early Variscan granodiorites dated at ~350- 340 Ma. Final, “post-nappe”, exhumation is interpreted to have taken place from ~345-335 Ma to 320 ± 5 Ma, which is the age of the syntectonic igneous rocks emplaced in the autochthon of the MTC. These ages support the equivalence of the HP rocks from NW Iberia and their counterparts in the southern Armorican Massif. From a methodological point of view, modelling calculations of H2O and Fe2O3 on the metamorphic evolution of blueschist-facies rocks reveals trends that may have general applications in the investigation of rocks with similar composition: (i) subduction-zone metamorphism may occur in H2O-undersaturated conditions induced by the crystallization of a significant modal amount of lawsonite, although the transition from lawsonite blueschist facies to amphibolite-greenschist facies may involve significant hydration, principally as a result of lawsonite breakdown. (ii) The analysed values of Fe2O3 may not reflect the oxidation state during the main metamorphic evolutionary stage and are probably easily modified by superficial alteration, even in apparently fresh samples
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This study presents Lu–Hf data on detrital zircon grains from the Lower Paleozoic metasedimentary successions of the Sierra Albarrana Domain (SW Iberian Massif). We provide new information about their origin, record of continental crustal... more
This study presents Lu–Hf data on detrital zircon grains from the Lower Paleozoic metasedimentary successions of the Sierra Albarrana Domain (SW Iberian Massif). We provide new information about their origin, record of continental crustal evolution and geological affinity. Previous detrital zircon U–Pb data in this terrane reveal two main age populations, with age peaks at c. 595 Ma and c. 1.90 Ga. The Ediacaran events are interpreted to represent a magmatic arc with input of juvenile magmas intruding into the Eburnean basement of Gondwana, and probably mixing with it. The different evolutionary stages of the arc were probably linked to the Cadomian Orogeny during Neoproterozoic–earliest Cambrian times. The Paleoproterozoic zircon population corresponds to the Eburnean Orogeny. The magmas derived from an Eburnean depleted mantle partly intruded an older basement, leading to an incipient mixing process. ε Hf isotopic compositions indicate a possible affinity with the Central Iberian ...
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Early LiDAR datasets in Spain are available since 2014 (5-m resolution), when the first works were carried out by our team (Fernández-Lozano and Gutiérrez-Alonso Mapping 167:22–29, 2014; Fernández-Lozano et al. J Archaeol Sci... more
Early LiDAR datasets in Spain are available since 2014 (5-m resolution), when the first works were carried out by our team (Fernández-Lozano and Gutiérrez-Alonso Mapping 167:22–29, 2014; Fernández-Lozano et al. J Archaeol Sci 2014:356–373, 2015). The implementation of LiDAR to 1-m resolution was subsequently used and compared by Fernández-Lozano and Gutiérrez-Alonso (J Archaeol Sci 5:509–520, 2016) in combination with UAV-derived (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) photogrammetry. These works showed different Roman gold mining scenarios that were modeled providing outstanding results even with the poorest resolution LiDAR datasets. Moreover, the implementation of visual enhancement tools, widely used in different fields of archeology, geomorphology, and geology, such as Sky-View, Multi-hillside, Slope, LRM, Openness, and Principal Components have improved notably the interpretation of results in both mining and archeological works. This paper discusses the potential and insights provided by ...
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Las ciencias geologicas suponen un medio fundamental para introducir al alumnado en la adquisicion de habitos de reflexion y analisis caracteristicos del metodo cientifico. Sin embargo, en las ultimas decadas, se ha situado entre los... more
Las ciencias geologicas suponen un medio fundamental para introducir al alumnado en la adquisicion de habitos de reflexion y analisis caracteristicos del metodo cientifico. Sin embargo, en las ultimas decadas, se ha situado entre los grandes olvidados de los planes de estudio. Ademas, la dificultad de los temarios, la falta de estructuracion de los mismos y la escasez de una vinculacion real del conocimiento con la vida diaria dificulta el aprendizaje y favorece la aparicion de ideas pre-cientificas entre el alumnado. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el tratamiento de la materia de geologia en el curriculo educativo espanol de 2o de educacion secundaria obligatoria (ESO), enfatizando la importancia del trabajo cooperativo y la adquisicion de un lenguaje comun de ciencias que funcione eficazmente sobre las preconcepciones. En este estudio analizamos algunas formulas metodologicas y recursos planteados sobre estas ideas erroneas, proponiendo un metodo eficaz de trabajo. Los res...
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The Cantabrian Zone, in the Variscan belt of Western Europe, has one of the most continuous Ediacaran–Paleozoic stratigraphic successions in the world. This succession has been extensively studied, including several detrital zircon U–Pb... more
The Cantabrian Zone, in the Variscan belt of Western Europe, has one of the most continuous Ediacaran–Paleozoic stratigraphic successions in the world. This succession has been extensively studied, including several detrital zircon U–Pb geochronological studies on 30 samples spanning the aforementioned time slice. In this work, we present data from three new samples covering previously unsampled time-slices and perform multidimensional analysis on the 33 samples in order to quantify the similarity/dissimilarity among all of them with the aim of detecting potential changes in source areas through time and the role of recycling. The results indicate a continuous source of sediments from Ediacaran to late Devonian times punctuated by a sudden ephemeral change in the Early Cambrian that can be attributed to local causes during the inception of the Paleozoic passive margin.
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The present-day topography in Iberia is related to geodynamic processes dealing with lithospheric-scale deformation. However, little attention has been paid to the role of inherited crustal- or lithospheric-scale structures involved in... more
The present-day topography in Iberia is related to geodynamic processes dealing with lithospheric-scale deformation. However, little attention has been paid to the role of inherited crustal- or lithospheric-scale structures involved in the recent observed large-scale topographic patterns. Whereas the analysis of brittle structures focuses on the evolution of Mesozoic sedimentary basins and their subsequent response to tectonic inversion, their contribution to mountain building has been underestimated. Large numbers of structures, from ductile to brittle, which affected the whole lithosphere, were developed during the evolution of the Cantabrian orocline (ca. 310–300 Ma). The contribution of these Paleozoic post-Variscan structures, together with lithospheric mantle evolution and replacement during orocline development in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic geological evolution of Iberia, remains unexplored. To explore the role of these inherited structures on the final configuration of topogr...
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Geology, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Paleontology, Tectonics, and 5 moreSeismology, Cenozoic, RIFT, Lithosphere, and Geodinamica
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This contribution explores the information provided by the landscape transformation occurred during the intense period of Roman gold mining activity in northwest Spain. The Teleno Mountains and its surroundings are char-acterised by the... more
This contribution explores the information provided by the landscape transformation occurred during the intense period of Roman gold mining activity in northwest Spain. The Teleno Mountains and its surroundings are char-acterised by the presence of Quaternary glacial deposits and Paleogene-Neogene alluvial sediments intensely exploited by the Romans. However, mining debris often obscures the identification and description of natural deposits , representing its study a challenging task. The aim of this study is to determine the existence of specific geomorphological features that can improve the identification of anthropic elements related to the mining activity. Among the most outstanding remains, fluvial captures and widening drainage systems are the most astonishing structures, due to the extent and complexity of the works. However, other mining elements such as anthropic allu-vial fans and rock ridges stands out in the landscape. In many cases, this mining remains are linked to the hydraulic infrastructure displayed in the area, which mainly comprises an extensive system of canals and water reservoirs. Difficulties arise in those areas where no such structures are found. Thus, the use of geomorphic elements and patterns can help to distinguish among natural or anthropic deposits. The proposed approach represents the first systematic study carried out to provide a detailed analysis of the morphological expression of Roman gold mining activity on the landscape, and it can contribute to assemble the puzzle of Roman occupation in northwest Spain.
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Northwest Spain possesses the largest Roman gold mining complex in Europe. The extent and scale of the mining works as well as the astonishing hydraulic infrastructure developed to supply water to the mining sectors caused a strong impact... more
Northwest Spain possesses the largest Roman gold mining complex in Europe. The extent and scale of the mining works as well as the astonishing hydraulic infrastructure developed to supply water to the mining sectors caused a strong impact on the landscape. Within this scenario, the Teleno Mountains represents a natural laboratory to figure out the impact of the Roman mining anthropic activity both underground and superficial. However, the dense vegetation cover and the impact of more recent human activity in the area hinders most of the mining remains. To explore, re-evaluate and describe in detail the Roman elements, a detailed geomorphological survey is required. The location of geomorphic features on the landscape is particularly helpful in areas where neither archaeological, epigraphic nor literary sources are available. Thus, the use of geomatic methods such as airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and UAV-assisted photogrammetry provide high-resolution digital elevation models used for the identification, description and preservation of mining heritage remains. The image enhancement treatment of derived products is a rapid and cost-effective method for accurate mapping of the infrastructure remains with different degrees of preservation. The evaluation of the results suggests that large-scale and profound changes took place in the landscape, were linked to Roman mining, and provides a broad overview of the important human environmental impact in the light of the possible New Epoch, the Anthropocene.
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espanolLa Tectonica de Placas ofrece una vision integradora del planeta que permite explicar razonablemente la gran mayoria de procesos geologicos. Aunque esta teoria no falta del curriculo de ensenanza secundaria, su aproximacion es, en... more
espanolLa Tectonica de Placas ofrece una vision integradora del planeta que permite explicar razonablemente la gran mayoria de procesos geologicos. Aunque esta teoria no falta del curriculo de ensenanza secundaria, su aproximacion es, en la mayoria de las ocasiones, unicamente descriptiva. Proponemos que su tratamiento tenga un enfoque sistemico, integrandose con otros aspectos del curriculo como el relieve terrestre, el cambio climatico, las variaciones del nivel del mar, la distribucion de rocas o las estructures geologicas de origen tectonico. Por otra parte, el trabajo ofrece una vision actualitzada del mapa actual de placas litosfericas, y de cuanto, como y por que se mueven. Tambien, se analiza como ha contribuido esta teoria en el conocimiento de la historia de nuestro planeta, se incluyen varias consideraciones relacionadas con el camino hacia el que previsiblemente se dirigira en las proximas decadas y, finalmente, ofrece una seleccion de recursos educativos. EnglishPlate Tectonics offers a comprehensive vision of our planet explaining most of the geological processes. Although this theory is included in the official core curriculum, its treatment in secondary school is mostly limited to descriptions. We propose a systemic approach, integrating it with other topics of the curriculum such as the relief of the Earth, climatic change, sea-level changes, global rock distribution or geological structures. On the other hand, we offer an updated version of the plate tectonics map, and of how much, how and why the plates move. In addition, we analyze the contribution of this theory to a better comprehension of our planet’s history, we discuss how it is likely to evolve in the next decades, and finally offer a selection of learning resources.
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RESUMEN Aún no se comprende completamente el comportamiento y la evolución del manto litosférico durante los distintos procesos tectónicos. Mientras algunos procesos como la subducción son relativamente bien conocidos, otros aún están... more
RESUMEN Aún no se comprende completamente el comportamiento y la evolución del manto litosférico durante los distintos procesos tectónicos. Mientras algunos procesos como la subducción son relativamente bien conocidos, otros aún están poco estudiados como el desprendimiento del manto litosférico ya sea por delaminación o por goteo. Hemos realizado una serie de experimentos de modelización análoga para comprobar la influencia de la gravedad sobre una gran raíz litosférica. Los resultados preliminares obtenidos en ...
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espanolEste trabajo se centra en el estudio de la edad de cristalizacion del granito deformado de Juzbado mediante geocronologia U-Pb a traves de ablacion laser. Se dataron 7 granos de circon, obteniendose edades comprendidas entre 340 y... more
espanolEste trabajo se centra en el estudio de la edad de cristalizacion del granito deformado de Juzbado mediante geocronologia U-Pb a traves de ablacion laser. Se dataron 7 granos de circon, obteniendose edades comprendidas entre 340 y 2500 Ma. Los datos obtenidos proporcionan una edad maxima de cristalizacion de 340 Ma y aportan datos sobre la naturaleza de los potenciales materiales fuente. Las edades de circones heredados existentes en el granito son coincidentes con las encontradas en las posibles rocas fuente. Dado que esta intrusion esta deformada intensamente por la fabrica relacionada con la Zona de Cizalla de Juzbado-Penalva do Castelo, la edad minima de este cuerpo es de 308 Ma. La comparacion de las caracteristicas petrologicas de este granito con las de otros en los alrededores (en el Domo del Tormes) permite asignarle una edad en torno a 320 Ma. EnglishThis paper reports a study of the crystallization age of the deformed Juzbado Granite through LA-ICP-MS U-Pb geochron...
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The article presents the results of petrostructural and mineralogical studies of olivine grains from ultrabasic and basic rocks of different genesis. In particular, they correspond to cumulative dunites of the Yoko-Dovyren layered massif... more
The article presents the results of petrostructural and mineralogical studies of olivine grains from ultrabasic and basic rocks of different genesis. In particular, they correspond to cumulative dunites of the Yoko-Dovyren layered massif (Northern Cisbaikalia), restite hyperbasites of the Velvet massif (Kuznetskiy Alatau), and xenoliths of peridotites from basalts of the Canary Islands (Spain). The relationship between the petrostructural and mineralogical features of ultrabasic rocks is shown, which makes it possible to identify their cumulative and restite varieties. An important element of the petrostructure of ultrabasites is the orientation of olivine, which reflects either the conditions for the formation of primary crystals in the magmatic melt, or the conditions for its recrystallization as a result of plastic deformations during exhumation to the Earth's surface. The mineral composition of rocks is an additional feature that reflects the real conditions of formation. In...
This article focuses on the characterization of auriferous deposits, identification of hitherto unknown Roman mining infrastructure remains, and the early attempts of exploitation carried out in north-west Iberia. The research has... more
This article focuses on the characterization of auriferous deposits, identification of hitherto unknown Roman mining infrastructure remains, and the early attempts of exploitation carried out in north-west Iberia. The research has combined airborne laser scanning (LiDAR) and field prospection to explore the geomorphological signature and landscape transformation resulting from Roman mining works in two unknown sectors of the western Duero Meseta. The integration of geological and remote sensing information contributed to extend the Roman's mining domains, traditionally focused on the river headwaters of the north-west. The article explores the complex hydraulic system developed in the Jamuz and lower sector of the Eria river valleys, as well as the evidence of open-cast mining and their relationship with the Roman army. The results suggest that the highly dispersed and reduced dimensions of the mining sites correspond to a selected method of gold prospection, employed for the identification of viable exploitation sectors. Thus, the initiation of the mining works could have started in the Jamuz valley and developed systematically in this area, to subsequently spread towards the upstream sectors and nearby valleys. This research contributes to gain new insights into the extension and complexity of the mining infrastructure, indicating the importance of the gold-bearing raña deposits within the framework of Roman gold mining in north-west Spain.
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El uso de fotogrametría para la reconstrucción 3D, de forma rápida y efi caz, de elementos del patrimonio cultural se ha convertido en una herramienta de uso cotidiano en el mundo de la arqueología. La mejora en las técnicas de... more
El uso de fotogrametría para la reconstrucción 3D, de forma rápida y efi caz, de elementos del patrimonio cultural se ha convertido en una herramienta de uso cotidiano en el mundo de la arqueología. La mejora en las técnicas de adquisición de datos y el uso de herramientas informáticas de última generación para el procesado de los mismos, permite la obtención de imágenes 3D de alta resolución. En este trabajo presentamos la documentación de dos zonas de interés arqueológico y arquitectónico muy dispares, mediante el uso de tecnología VANT, para la obtención de información tridimensional de la necrópolis neolítica de La Cabaña y el castillo de Úrbel, ambos situados en la provincia de Burgos y enmarcados dentro del Proyecto Geoparque de las Loras. En este trabajo analizamos los benefi cios y difi cultades que presenta el estudio de elementos del patrimonio, caracterizados por diferentes grados de conservación, geometría y dimensiones. La obtención rápida y precisa de modelos 3D mediante fotogrametría con drones de bajo coste facilita, además, la difusión al público general y promueve la
protección del patrimonio, constituyendo una herramienta efi caz para la toma de datos con interés arqueológico.
protección del patrimonio, constituyendo una herramienta efi caz para la toma de datos con interés arqueológico.
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RESUMEN La minería aurífera romana en el noroeste peninsular se concentra en cuatro gran-des distritos mineros: Las Médulas, Omañas, Duerna y Eria. La cuenca del Eria representa una de las mayores explotaciones auríferas —en extensión— de... more
RESUMEN La minería aurífera romana en el noroeste peninsular se concentra en cuatro gran-des distritos mineros: Las Médulas, Omañas, Duerna y Eria. La cuenca del Eria representa una de las mayores explotaciones auríferas —en extensión— de todo el Imperio Romano, sin embargo, es una de las que menos atención ha recibido hasta la fecha. Los trabajos arqueológicos realizados en la zona se basaban en el uso de fotografía aérea y en la prospección de campo para la elaboración de car-tografías de los sistemas hidráulicos y el análisis de los principales yacimientos. La incorporación de nuevas tecnologías, como el LiDAR aerotransportado y los vehículos aéreos no tripulados (drones o VANT), permite el estudio detallado y la adquisición de datos de elementos del paisaje arqueominero en zonas de difícil Arqueología en el valle del Duero: Del Paleolítico a la Edad Media. 5 ISBN: 978-84-946124-0-4, pp: 520-536
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Northwest Spain possesses the largest Roman gold mining complex in Europe. The extent and scale of the mining works as well as the astonishing hydraulic infrastructure developed to supply water to the mining sectors caused a strong impact... more
Northwest Spain possesses the largest Roman gold mining complex in Europe. The extent and scale of the mining works as well as the astonishing hydraulic infrastructure developed to supply water to the mining sectors caused a strong impact on the landscape. Within this scenario, the Teleno Mountains represents a natural laboratory to figure out the impact of the Roman mining anthropic activity both underground and superficial. However, the dense vegetation cover and the impact of more recent human activity in the area hinders most of the mining remains. To explore, re-evaluate and describe in detail the Roman elements, a detailed geomorphological survey is required. The location of geomorphic features on the landscape is particularly helpful in areas where neither archaeological, epigraphic nor literary sources are available. Thus, the use of geomatic methods such as airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and UAV-assisted photogrammetry provide high-resolution digital elevation models used for the identification, description and preservation of mining heritage remains. The image enhancement treatment of derived products is a rapid and cost-effective method for accurate mapping of the infrastructure remains with different degrees of preservation. The evaluation of the results suggests that large-scale and profound changes took place in the landscape, were linked to Roman mining, and provides a broad overview of the important human environmental impact in the light of the possible New Epoch, the Anthropocene.